Erythranthe lutea explained

Erythranthe lutea is a species of monkeyflower also known as yellow monkeyflower, monkey musk, blotched monkey flowers, and blood-drop-emlets.[1] [2] [3] [4] It was formerly known as Mimulus luteus.[5] [6] [7] [8] It is a perennial native to temperate South America, including Chile and western and southern Argentina.

Description

E. lutea blooms in the summer and grows to about 30cm (10inches) in height.[9] The flowers are yellow with irregular red blotches and the leaves are hairy, paired, and round. Because of its yellow petals, E. luteus is in the "yellow monkeyflower" group, unlike most members of the genus, which have red or pink petals.[10]

Some sources list Erythranthe lutea separately due to chromosomal variations.[11] [12] Barker, etal (2012) proposes a new taxonomy for Phrymaceae, leaving only 7 species in Mimulus, none in Mimulus lutea, and placing 111 in Erythranthe. Barker also offers 4 different options for how to implement this new taxonomy.

The luteus group consists of Erythranthe luteus var. variegatus, E. naiandinus and E. cupreus.

Distribution and habitat

Erythranthe lutea prefers to grow in wet habitats such as marshes and riverbanks. It is native to temperate South America, including Chile and western and southern Argentina. It has been naturalized in Britain, having been first cultivated there circa 1826.[13]

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Mimulus luteus L.. . Taxonomy for Plants . USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program . National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. April 22, 2014 . February 1, 2017.
  2. Web site: Blood-drop-emlets (Mimulus luteus). iNaturalist. February 1, 2017.
  3. Web site: Blotched Monkey Flower. Virtual Hebrides. February 1, 2017.
  4. Web site: Mimulus luteus L.. Plants for a Future. February 1, 2017.
  5. Barker. W. L. (Bill). etal. 2012. A Taxonomic Conspectus of Phyrmaceae: A Narrowed Circumscription for MIMULUS, New and Resurrected Genera, and New Names and Combinations. Phytoneuron . 39 . 1–60 . 2153-733X.
  6. Beardsley . P. M.. Yen. Alan . Olmstead . R. G. . 2003 . AFLP Phylogeny of Mimulus Section Erythranthe and the Evolution of Hummingbird Pollination. Evolution . 57 . 6. 1397–1410. 3448862 . 10.1554/02-086. 12894947. 198154155.
  7. Beardsley . P. M. . Olmstead . R. G. . 2002 . Redefining Phrymaceae: the placement of Mimulus, tribe Mimuleae, and Phryma . American Journal of Botany . 89 . 7 . 1093–1102 . 10.3732/ajb.89.7.1093. 4122195 . 21665709.
  8. Beardsley . P. M.. Schoenig. Steve E.. Whittall . Justen B. . Olmstead. Richard G. . 2004 . Patterns of Evolution in Western North American Mimulus (Phrymaceae) . American Journal of Botany. 91 . 3. 474–4890. 4123743 . 10.3732/ajb.91.3.474 . 21653403. free.
  9. Web site: Mimulus luteus. Water Garden Plants UK. February 1, 2017.
  10. Cooley. Arielle M. . Willis. John H.. 2009 . Genetic divergence causes parallel evolution of flower color in Chilean Mimulus. New Phytologist . 183. 3. 729–739 . 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02858.x. 19453433 .
  11. Web site: Erythranthe lutea (L.) G. L. Nesom. . Taxonomy for Plants . USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program . National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. April 22, 2014 . February 1, 2017.
  12. Book: Cooley, Arielle Marie . 2008 . Evolution of Floral Color Patterning in Chilean Mimulus . Duke University. Durham. NC. 978-0549898689. 37 .
  13. Book: Mimulus luteus (Blood-drop-emlets). Online Atlas of the British & Irish Flora. February 2, 2017. 1998.

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