| Erskine Hamilton Childers | |
| Order: | 4th |
| Office: | President of Ireland |
| Taoiseach: | Liam Cosgrave |
| Term Start: | 25 June 1973 |
| Term End: | 17 November 1974 |
| Predecessor: | Éamon de Valera |
| Successor: | Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh |
| Office1: | Tánaiste |
| Taoiseach1: | Jack Lynch |
| Term Start1: | 2 July 1969 |
| Term End1: | 14 March 1973 |
| Predecessor1: | Frank Aiken |
| Successor1: | Brendan Corish |
| Office2: | Minister for Health |
| Taoiseach2: | Jack Lynch |
| Term Start2: | 2 July 1969 |
| Term End2: | 14 March 1973 |
| Predecessor2: | Seán Flanagan |
| Successor2: | Brendan Corish |
| Office3: | Minister for Transport and Power |
| Term Start3: | 27 June 1959 |
| Term End3: | 2 July 1969 |
| Predecessor3: | Office created |
| Successor3: | Brian Lenihan |
| Office4: | Minister for Posts and Telegraphs |
| Taoiseach4: | Jack Lynch |
| Term Start4: | 10 November 1966 |
| Term End4: | 2 July 1969 |
| Predecessor4: | Joseph Brennan |
| Successor4: | Patrick Lalor |
| Taoiseach5: | Éamon de Valera |
| Term Start5: | 13 June 1951 |
| Term End5: | 2 June 1954 |
| Predecessor5: | James Everett |
| Successor5: | Michael Keyes |
| Office6: | Minister for Lands |
| Taoiseach6: | Éamon de Valera |
| Term Start6: | 27 March 1957 |
| Term End6: | 23 July 1959 |
| Predecessor6: | Mícheál Ó Móráin |
| Successor6: | Joseph Blowick |
| Office7: | Parliamentary Secretary |
| Suboffice7: | Local Government and Public Health |
| Subterm7: | 1944–1948 |
| Office8: | Teachta Dála |
| Term Start8: | October 1961 |
| Term End8: | 23 June 1973 |
| Constituency8: | Monaghan |
| Term Start9: | February 1948 |
| Term End9: | October 1961 |
| Constituency9: | Longford–Westmeath |
| Term Start10: | June 1938 |
| Term End10: | February 1948 |
| Constituency10: | Athlone–Longford |
| Birth Date: | 11 December 1905 |
| Birth Place: | Westminster, London, England |
| Death Place: | Phibsborough, Dublin, Ireland |
| Death Cause: | Heart failure |
| Resting Place: | Roundwood, County Wicklow, Ireland |
| Nationality: | Irish |
| Party: | Fianna Fáil |
| Spouse: | |
| Children: | 7, including Erskine Barton and Nessa |
| Signature: | Erskine H. Childers - Síniú.jpg |
Erskine Hamilton Childers (11 December 1905 – 17 November 1974) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as the fourth president of Ireland from June 1973 to November 1974. He is the only Irish president to have died in office. He also served as Tánaiste and Minister for Health from 1969 to 1973, Minister for Transport and Power from 1959 to 1969, Minister for Posts and Telegraphs from 1951 to 1954 and 1966 to 1969, Minister for Lands from 1957 to 1959 and Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Local Government and Public Health from 1944 to 1948. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1938 to 1973.[1]
His father Robert Erskine Childers, an Irish republican and author of the espionage thriller The Riddle of the Sands, was executed during the Irish Civil War.
Childers was born in the Embankment Gardens, Westminster, London,[2] to a Protestant family, originally from Glendalough, County Wicklow, Ireland. Although also born in England, his father, Robert Erskine Childers, had an Irish mother and had been raised by an uncle in County Wicklow, and after World War I took his family to live there. His mother, Molly Childers, was a Bostonian whose ancestors arrived on the Mayflower. Robert and Molly later emerged as prominent and outspoken Irish republican opponents of the political settlement with Britain which resulted in the establishment of the Irish Free State.[3]
Childers was educated at Gresham's School, Holt.[4] In 1922 when Childers was sixteen, his father was executed by the new Irish Free State on politically inspired charges of gun-possession. The pistol he had been found with had been given to him by Michael Collins. Before his execution, in a spirit of reconciliation, the elder Childers obtained a promise from his son to seek out and shake the hand of every man who had signed his death warrant.[5]
After attending his father's funeral, Childers returned to Gresham's,[4] then two years later he attended Trinity College, Cambridge where he studied history.[6]
After finishing his education, Childers worked for a period for a tourism board in Paris. In 1931, Éamon de Valera invited him to work for de Valera's recently founded newspaper The Irish Press in Dublin, where Childers became advertising manager.[7] He became a naturalised Irish citizen in 1938. That same year, he was elected as a Fianna Fáil TD for the constituency of Athlone–Longford.[8] He remained remain a member of Dáil Éireann until 1973 when he resigned to become President of Ireland.
When former President of Ireland Douglas Hyde, who was a Protestant, died in 1949, most senior politicians did not attend the funeral service inside St. Patrick's Cathedral; rather, they remained outside. The exceptions were Noël Browne, the Minister for Health, and Childers, a fellow Protestant.[9]
Childers joined the cabinet in 1951, as Minister for Posts and Telegraphs in the de Valera government. He then served as Minister for Lands in de Valera's 1957–59 cabinet. In 1959, the new Taoiseach Seán Lemass initially appointed him as Minister for Lands, before appointing him to the newly created position of Minister for Transport and Power.[10] He served in that position until 1969, in combination with his former position of Minister for Posts and Telegraphs from 1966 under Jack Lynch. In 1969, he was appointed as Tánaiste and Minister for Health in 1969.
One commentator described his ministerial career as "spectacularly unsuccessful". Others praised his willingness to make tough decisions. He was outspoken in his opposition to Charles Haughey, in the aftermath of the Arms Crisis, when Haughey and Neil Blaney, having been both removed from the government, were sent for trial amid allegations of a plot to import arms for the Provisional IRA. (Both were acquitted.)
In the 1966 presidential election, Fine Gael TD Tom O'Higgins had come within 11,000 votes (1%) of defeating de Valera; at the 1973 election he was again the Fine Gael nominee and was widely expected to win. Childers was nominated by Fianna Fáil at the behest of de Valera, who pressured Jack Lynch in the selection of the presidential candidate. On the campaign trail, his personal popularity proved enormous, and in a political upset, Childers was elected the fourth President of Ireland on 30 May 1973, defeating O'Higgins by 635,867 (52%) votes to 578,771 (48%).
Childers was inaugurated as President of Ireland. He took the oath of office in the Irish language with some reluctance. His very distinctive Oxbridge accent made pronouncing Irish difficult, so it was written down on a large board for him phonetically to help him with this.
Childers, though 67, quickly gained a reputation as a vibrant, extremely hard-working President, and became highly popular and respected. However, he had a strained relationship with the incumbent government, led by Taoiseach Liam Cosgrave of Fine Gael. Childers had campaigned on a platform of making the presidency more open and hands-on, which Cosgrave viewed as a threat to his own agenda as head of government. He refused to cooperate with Childers's first priority upon taking office, the establishment of a think tank within Áras an Uachtaráin, to plan the country's future. Childers considered resigning from the presidency but was convinced to remain by Cosgrave's Foreign Minister, Garret FitzGerald.[11] However, Childers remained detached from the government; whereas previously, Presidents had been briefed by the Taoiseach once a month, Cosgrave briefed President Childers and his successor, Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh, on average once every six months.
Though frustrated about the lack of power he had in the office,[11] Childers's daughter Nessa believes that he played an important behind-the-scenes role in easing the Northern Ireland conflict, reporting that former Prime Minister of Northern Ireland Terence O'Neill met secretly with her father at Áras an Uachtaráin on at least one occasion.[12]
Prevented from transforming the presidency as he desired, Childers instead threw his energy into a busy schedule of official visits and speeches, which was physically taxing.
On 17 November 1974, during a conference with the psychiatrists of the Royal College of Physicians in Dublin, Childers suffered sudden heart failure causing him to lie sideways and turn blue before suddenly collapsing. He was pronounced dead the same day at Mater Misericordiae University Hospital.
Childers's state funeral in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, was attended by his presidential predecessor Éamon de Valera and world leaders including the Earl Mountbatten of Burma (representing Queen Elizabeth II), the British Prime Minister Harold Wilson and British Opposition Leader Edward Heath, and heads of state from Europe and beyond. He was buried in the grounds of the Church of Ireland Derralossary Church, in Roundwood, County Wicklow.
Childers's widow, Rita Childers, shared her late husband's widespread personal popularity. Upon his death, when she issued a press statement pleading for the nation to keep the office above politics in choosing a successor, Cosgrave reacted by suggesting to the Opposition Leader, Jack Lynch, that they appoint Mrs. Childers to the presidency by acclamation. Lynch agreed four days after Childers's death to bring the suggestion to his party. However, when members of Cosgrave's Fine Gael disclosed the plan to the press on their own initiative, Lynch, believing his Fianna Fáil party was being denied a public voice in the decision, withdrew his support for her.[13]
All parties instead agreed to nominate the former Attorney General and Chief Justice, Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh, as Childers's successor, who was elected unopposed.
Childers married Ruth Ellen Dow in 1925. They had five children, Ruth Ellen Childers, born in July 1927, Erskine, born in March 1929, followed by Roderick Winthrop Childers in June 1931, and, in November 1937, twin daughters, Carainn and Margaret Osgood Childers.[2]
After the death of Dow in 1950, Childers married again, in 1952, to Rita Dudley, a Catholic.[2] Together they had a daughter, Nessa, who is a former Member of the European Parliament and County Councillor.
Childers was survived by children from both his marriages. His second wife Rita Dudley died on 9 May 2010.