Erra-imitti explained

Erra-Imittī
King of Isin
Reign:8 regnal years
1868-1861 BC (MC)
1805–1799 BC (SC)
Predecessor:Lipit-Enlil
Successor:Enlil-bâni
Royal House:1st Dynasty of Isin

Erra-Imittī, (cuneiform: dèr-ra-i-mit-ti[1] or èr-ra-ZAG.LU[2] meaning “Support of Erra”[3]) ca. 1805–1799 BC (short chronology) or ca. 1868–1861 BC (middle chronology),[4] was king of Isin, modern Ishan al-Bahriyat, and according to the Sumerian King List ruled for eight years. He succeeded Lipit-Enlil, with whom his relationship is uncertain and was a contemporary and rival of Sūmû-El and Nūr-Adad of the parallel dynasty of Larsa. He is best known for the legendary tale of his demise, Shaffer’s “gastronomic mishap”.[5]

Biography

He seems to have recovered control of Nippur from Larsa early in his reign but perhaps lost it again, as its recovery is celebrated again by his successor. The later regnal year-names offer some glimmer of events, for example “the year following the year Erra-Imittī seized Kisurra"[6] (the modern site of Abū-Ḥaṭab) for the date of a receipt for a bridal gift and “the year Erra-Imittī destroyed the city wall of Kazallu,”[7] [8] a city allied with Larsa and antagonistic to Isin and its ally, Babylon. His conquest of Kisurra would have been a significant escalation of hostilities against Isin's rival Larsa.[9] A haematite cylinder seal[10] of his servant and scribe Iliška-uṭul, son of Sîn-ennam, has come to light from this city, suggesting prolonged occupation.[11] The latest attested year-name gives the year he built the city wall of gan-x-Erra-Imittī, perhaps an eponymous new town.

When the omens predicted impending doom for a monarch, it was customary to appoint a substitute as a "statue though animate",[12] a scape-goat who stood in the place of the king but did not exercise power for a hundred days to deflect the disaster, at the end of which the proxy and his spouse would be ritually slaughtered and the king would resume his throne.[13] The Chronicle of Early Kings[2] relates that:

Presumably his error was to remain in the palace while the substitute ceremony was conducted. While the tale may be apocryphal, it provides a literary demarcation between dynasties.[14] He was succeeded by Ikūn-pî-Ištar, according to two variant copies of the Sumerian King List, or Enlil-bâni, if the other sources are correct.

Inscriptions

  1. Ur-Isin King List 14.
  2. Chronicle of Early Kings (ABC 20) A 31 to 36 and repeated as B 1 to 7.
  3. Imittu D in CAD i-j p. 126b “support”
  4. Book: Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie: Ia - Kizzuwatna . D. O. Edzard . Erich Ebeling, Bruno Meissner . 5 . Walter De Gruyter Inc . 1999 . 170 .
  5. Enlilbani and the 'Dog House' in Isin . Aaron Shaffer . Journal of Cuneiform Studies . 26 . 4 . 1974 . 1359444 . 251 .
  6. BM 85348: mu ús-sa ki-sur-raki dÌr-ra-i-mi-ti ba-an-dib.
  7. YOS 14 319: mu dÌr-ra-i-mi-ti bàd ka-zal-luki ba-gal.
  8. Book: Tablets from Kisurra in the Collections of British Museum . Anne Goddeeris . Harrassowitz . 2009 . 16 .
  9. Book: The Routledge Handbook of The Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia . Trevor Bryce . Routledge . 2009 . 391 .
  10. Cylinder seal BM 130695.
  11. Book: Old Babylonian Period (2003-1595 B.C.): Early Periods, Volume 4 . Douglas Frayne . University of Toronto Press . 1990 . 76 .
  12. NU-NÍG-SAG-ÍL-e.
  13. Book: Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia . registration . Karen Rhea Nemet-Nejat . Greenwood Press . 1998 . 189 .
  14. The Limits of Skepticism . William W. Hallo . Journal of the American Oriental Society . 110 . 2 . 1990 . 604525 . 189 .

Notes

  1. Ur-Isin King List 14.
  2. Chronicle of Early Kings (ABC 20) A 31 to 36 and repeated as B 1 to 7.
  3. Imittu D in CAD i-j p. 126b “support”
  4. Book: Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie: Ia - Kizzuwatna . D. O. Edzard . Erich Ebeling, Bruno Meissner . 5 . Walter De Gruyter Inc . 1999 . 170 .
  5. Enlilbani and the 'Dog House' in Isin . Aaron Shaffer . Journal of Cuneiform Studies . 26 . 4 . 1974 . 1359444 . 251 .
  6. BM 85348: mu ús-sa ki-sur-raki dÌr-ra-i-mi-ti ba-an-dib.
  7. YOS 14 319: mu dÌr-ra-i-mi-ti bàd ka-zal-luki ba-gal.
  8. Book: Tablets from Kisurra in the Collections of British Museum . Anne Goddeeris . Harrassowitz . 2009 . 16 .
  9. Book: The Routledge Handbook of The Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia . Trevor Bryce . Routledge . 2009 . 391 .
  10. Cylinder seal BM 130695.
  11. Book: Old Babylonian Period (2003-1595 B.C.): Early Periods, Volume 4 . Douglas Frayne . University of Toronto Press . 1990 . 76 .
  12. NU-NÍG-SAG-ÍL-e.
  13. Book: Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia . registration . Karen Rhea Nemet-Nejat . Greenwood Press . 1998 . 189 .
  14. The Limits of Skepticism . William W. Hallo . Journal of the American Oriental Society . 110 . 2 . 1990 . 604525 . 189 .

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