| Erna Wallisch | |
| Birth Date: | 10 February 1922 |
| Birth Place: | Benshausen, Germany |
| Nationality: | German |
| Birth Name: | Erna Pfannstiel |
| Occupation: | Guard |
| Known For: | Seventh on the Simon Wiesenthal Center's list of most wanted war criminals that had never been convicted. |
Erna Wallisch (née Erna Pfannstiel, 10 February 1922 – 16 February 2008) was a female guard in two Nazi concentration camps, but despite several trials was never convicted. In 2007, she was seventh on the Simon Wiesenthal Center's list of most wanted war criminals that had never been convicted.[1]
Wallisch was born Erna Pfannstiel in Benshausen, in Thuringia. Her father was a postal clerk. She worked as a maid in Berlin for a year[2] before joining the NSDAP at the age of 19 and undergoing training to become an Aufseherin, or female concentration camp guard.[3]
Wallisch first served as a guard at Ravensbrück concentration camp for a year before she was transferred to the Majdanek concentration camp in Lublin, Poland in May 1941.[4] While in service at Majdanek, she met a Nazi guard named Georg Wallisch, and married him in 1944. It is alleged that she was a brutal guard, beating women and children on their way to the gas chambers and personally participated in the selections of inmates to be executed.[4] Survivors described pregnant Wallisch beating a young boy to death. One of the survivors mentioned: "The sweating, breathless face of that monster was something I will never forget."[3]
There were three attempts to prosecute Wallisch:
1965: In Graz, charges were dismissed.
1970s: In Vienna, but the prosecutor was unwilling to pursue (nolle prosequi), as the Austrian statutes of limitation had expired.
2005: Historian Efraim Zuroff urged the Austrian Department of Justice to prosecute anew, but its speaker, Christoph Pöchinger declared that there was lack of credible evidence. This unwillingness to prosecute led the Wiesenthal center to put her on the list of most wanted war criminals.
In 2007, British author and journalist Guy Walters tracked Wallisch down to a small flat in Vienna, Austria, as part of his research for an upcoming work titled Hunting Evil, about the pursuit of escaped Nazi war criminals.[3] Though Wallisch would not talk to him and the Austrian government claimed that the statute of limitations had expired on her war crimes, Poland explored seeking an indictment against her.[3] Though they had investigated Wallisch for her crimes in the 1970s, the renewed interest as well as evidence from Polish survivors, lead Austrian officials to commission a report on the crimes which had taken place six decades earlier.[5] Before the report could be completed, the 86-year-old Wallisch died in a hospital bed.[6]