| Erenhot | |
| Other Name: | Erlianhaote, Erh-lien-hao-t'e |
| Settlement Type: | County-level & Sub-prefectural city |
| Pushpin Map: | Inner Mongolia#China |
| Pushpin Label Position: | right |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Inner Mongolia |
| Coordinates: | 43.65°N 170°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | China |
| Subdivision Type1: | Autonomous region |
| Subdivision Name1: | Inner Mongolia |
| Subdivision Type2: | League |
| Subdivision Name2: | Xilingol |
| Seat Type: | Municipal seat |
| Unit Pref: | Metric |
| Area Total Km2: | 4015.0 |
| Area Urban Km2: | 48.78 |
| Area Footnotes: | [1] |
| Elevation M: | 963 |
| Population Footnotes: | [2] |
| Population Total: | 75,794 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Population Urban: | 75200 |
| Timezone1: | China Standard |
| Utc Offset1: | +08:00 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | 011100 |
| Area Code: | 0479 |
Erenhot (Mongolian: {{MongolUnicode|ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠡᠡ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ|style=max-height:2em;word-wrap:normal Mongolian: Эрээн хот;, commonly shortened to Ereen or Erlian) is a county-level city under jurisdiction of the Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia, China, located in the Gobi Desert along the Sino-Mongolian border, across from the Mongolian town of Zamyn-Üüd. There are 74,197 inhabitants (2010 census) and the elevation is .
Erenhot experiences a cold desert climate (Köppen BWk) with long, very dry, and bitter winters and short, hot summers. Monthly daily average temperatures range from NaN°C in January to 24°C in July, with an annual mean of 4.61°C. The city receives 3,232 hours (about 73% of the possible total) of bright sunshine per year, and clear, sunny, dry weather dominates year-round; due to the aridity, the diurnal temperature variation frequently approaches and exceeds . Over two-thirds of the sparse of annual rainfall occurs from June to August alone. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 67% in July to 78% in February, the city is one of the sunniest nationwide and receives 3,232 hours of bright sunshine annually.
Erenhot is divided into 1 sum and 2 township-level administrations.
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Mongolian (Hudum Script) | Mongolian (Cyrillic) | Administrative division code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sum | |||||
| Gerelt Od Sum | Chinese: 格日勒敖都苏木 | Mongolian: Баянбулаг сум | 152501200 | ||
| Township-level administrations | |||||
| Erenhot Community Construction Administration | Chinese: 二连浩特市社区建设管理局 | 152501400 | |||
| Erenhot Border Economic and Technological Cooperation Zone | Chinese: 二连边境经济技术合作区 | 152501401 | |||
The border town is a rail port city and the largest hub for cross border trade between Mongolia and China.[3] When authorities opened the town up in 1992 to international trade, Erenhot underwent a transformation growing from 8,000 people then to an estimated 100,000 people including migrant workers.
The Dabusan Nur salt lake to the north of Erenhot provided an economic boom to the city's chemical industry during the late 1990s.[4] The lake has provided Erenhot with a large water supply which also contributed to the rapid growth of the city and economy.
As a destination for wholesalers moving goods across the border, the city hosts a large trading market, International Trade City. Built in 2006 the mall is "a block-long, three-story wholesale market that houses 527 tenants who sell silk fabrics, rabbit and fox furs and other commodities."[5]
Erenhot is a stop on the Trans-Mongolian Railway, making it one of two international railway crossings in Inner Mongolia as of 2010 (the other is at Manzhouli on the Sino-Russian border). The rail link has struggled under the strain of growing trade with Mongolia and several new rail lines are under construction to ease the burden including two railways from different parts of China to a border port in East Ujimqin Banner.
International trains change bogies in here, because of the break-of-gauge between China and Mongolia. China uses the standard gauge, while Mongolia uses the Russian 1520 mm gauge. The manual bogie exchange is to be supplemented with the faster, automatic Variable gauge axle system of the SUW 2000-type made by ZNTK.
The town is also the northern terminus of China National Highway 208, which runs south to Changzhi, Shanxi.
Erenhot Saiwusu Airport has scheduled flights to Beijing, Hohhot and Tongliao.
The area around the town, especially a salt lake known to paleontologists as Iren Dabasu or Iren Nor (Mongolian: ereen = colourful, = salt, = lake) to the east, is known for the discovery of a number of different dinosaurs. The city houses a dinosaur museum, and in 2006 a big arch in form of two Sauropoda was built on the highway southward. In 2007, a number of smaller figures of different species were added.