Erin go bragh explained

Erin go Bragh, sometimes Erin go Braugh, is the anglicisation of an Irish language phrase, Irish: Éirinn go Brách, and is used to express allegiance to Ireland. It is most often translated as "Ireland Forever."^[1]

Origin

Erin go Bragh is an anglicisation of the phrase Irish: Éirinn go Brách in the Irish language.^[2]

The standard version in Irish is Irish: Éire go Brách, which is pronounced in Irish pronounced as /ˈeːɾʲə ɡə ˈbˠɾˠaːx/. Some uses of the phrase will use Irish: Éirinn, which survives as the dative form in the modern standard form of Irish and is the source of the poetic form, Erin.^{[3] [4]}

The term is equivalent to "eternity" or "end of time", meaning the phrase may be translated literally as "Ireland until eternity" or "Ireland to the end (of time)". Irish: Éire go Bráth (or Irish: Éirinn go Bráth) is also used in Irish and means the same thing. Irish: Go is a preposition, translatable as "to", "till/until", "up to".

Usage

United Irishmen

The phrase was used by the United Irishmen organisation in the 1790s.^[5]

Emigrant nationalism

In 1847 a group of Irish volunteers, including U.S. Army deserters, joined the Mexican side in the Mexican–American War. These soldiers, known as Spanish; Castilian: Los San Patricios or Saint Patrick's Battalion, flew as their standard a green flag with a harp and the motto Erin Go Bragh.^{[6] [7]} Similar flag designs have been used at different times to express Irish nationalism.^[8]

In 1862, when a large number of families on the estate of Lord Digby, near Tullamore, County Offaly, were given notice to quit, a local priest, Father Paddy Dunne, arranged passage for 400 people to Australia. A ship was chartered from the Black Ball Line and named the Erin-go-Bragh.^[9] The voyage of the Erin-go-Bragh, a "crazy, leaky tub", took 196 days, the longest recorded passage to Australia.^[10] A passenger nicknamed the ship the "Erin-go-Slow", but eventually it landed in Moreton Bay near Brisbane.

A pub in Sydney, Australia, in the 19th century that catered to Irish immigrants was called The Erin-Go-Bragh.^[11]

Unionism

At the height of decades of negotiation regarding home rule in Ireland, in the late 19th century the Irish Unionist Party used the slogan on a banner at one of their conventions, expressing their pride in Irish identity.^[12]

Sport

In the late 19th century, the Edinburgh football club Hibernian F.C. adopted Erin Go Bragh as their motto^[13] and it adorned their shirts accordingly. Founded in 1875 by Edinburgh Irishmen and the local Catholic Church, St Patrick's, the club's shirts included a gold harp set on a green background. The flag can still be seen at a lot of Hibernian matches to this day.

In 1887 a gaelic games club was set up in Clonsilla, Dublin under the name Erin go Bragh GAA. There is also an "Erin go Bragh GAA" club in Warwickshire, England.

In 1906, three Irishmen went to Athens, Greece to compete in the 1906 Intercalated Olympics as an Irish team independent of Britain. They had distinct uniforms and intended to compete for the first time as representatives of their own country. Once in Athens, the Irishmen became aware that the British committee had decided that they would instead compete under the British flag. Peter O'Connor won the silver medal for the long jump. As he was about to receive his medal he rushed towards the flag pole, climbed the pole, and flew the Erin Go Bragh flag, as the Tricolour had not yet received widespread acceptance. The other Irish athletes and a number of Irish-American athletes fended off security for a few minutes while the flag was flown. It was the first time an Irish flag had been flown at a sporting event.

Other uses

• A traditional Scottish song from the 19th century entitled "Erin-go-Bragh" tells the story of a Highland Scot who is mistaken for an Irishman. The first two verses^[14] are:

• In 1969, the band The Wolfe Tones released a song called "Erin Go Bragh" on their LP Rifles of the I.R.A.. The song tells of the Easter Rising in Dublin, with all 6 verses ending with "Erin Go Bragh".
• A version of the traditional Scottish song opens Dick Gaughan's 1981 album Handful of Earth.^[15] Andy Irvine and Patrick Street recorded Gaughan's version of the song on their 2007 album On the Fly.
• The expression was paraphrased by a punning New York Times headline Erin go broke, written by economist Paul Krugman, referring to the post-2008 Irish financial crisis.^[16]
• In the 2009 film Norman Reedus's character Murphy MacManus phrases it as: "It's Irish for, 'you're fucked.'"^[17]
• "Erin go Bragh" (1943) is also a rhapsody for brass band, composed by Joan Trimble (1915–2000)^[18]
• Peadar Kearney, author of the Irish national anthem, wrote a song entitled 'Erin go Bragh'.^[19]

See also

• Gaelic; Scottish Gaelic: [[Alba gu bràth]] (Scottish Gaelic cry: 'Scotland forever!')
• Faugh A Ballagh (Irish: Fág an Bealach|links=no "Clear the way!")
• Irish: [[Tiocfaidh ár lá]] ('Our day will come!')
• Welsh: Cymru am byth (Welsh cry: 'Wales forever!')
• Breton: Breizh da viken or Breton: Breizh atao (Breton: 'Brittany forever!')

Notes and References

1. Web site: Encarta MSN Dictionary - "An expression (interjection) meaning Ireland forever" . https://web.archive.org/web/20091014075411/http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861689851/Erin_go_bragh.html . 14 October 2009 . dead.
2. Book: Dolan, Terence Patrick . A Dictionary of Hiberno-English . 2020 . 9780717190744 . Gill Books .
3. Pictet . Adolphe . 1857 . Inquiry into the Origin of the Name of Ireland . Ulster Journal of Archaeology . 5 . 52–60 . 0082-7355.
4. Web site: 2023-09-02 . Where does the name Ireland come from? . 2023-12-18 . IrishCentral.com . en.
5. Corfe . I. J. . 2019 . "Erin go Bragh" in London: Irishness in the Nineteenth-Century English-Printed Street Ballad . Studies in Romanticism . 58 . 4 . 505–523 . 10.1353/srm.2019.0032 . 2330-118X.
6. Web site: Flag of Batallón de San Patricio - The "San-Patricios", "Los Colorados", San Patricio Company . flagspot.net . 22 June 2020 .
7. News: The Politician and Weekly Nashville Whig . 27 August 1847 . Tacubaya, August 27, 1847 . The banner is of green silk, and on one side is a harp, surmounted by the Mexican coat of arms [..] Underneath the harp is the motto 'Erin go Bragh' .
8. Book: Hayes-McCoy, Gerard Anthony . A history of Irish flags from earliest times . Academy Press . 1979 . 9780906187012 . 120–125.
9. Book: Hogan, James Francis . The Irish in Australia . Chapter 8 . 1888 . George Robertson & Co. . Melbourne . 156–158 . 22 May 2014.
10. Book: Woolcock, Helen R. . Rights of Passage: Emigration to Australia in the Nineteenth Century . 1986 . Tavistock Publications . Indiana . 9780422602402 . 55 . 22 May 2014.
11. Book: McGuire, Paul . 1952 . Inns of Australia . Melbourne . William Heinemann . 129.
12. Book: Walker, Graham . A History of the Ulster Unionist Party: Protest, Pragmastism and Pessimism . . 13 . 2004 . 0719061091.
13. Web site: Erin go Bragh . . 15 January 2011 . 11 August 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110716054950/http://www.hibernianfc.co.uk/page/TimelineDetail/0%2C%2C10290~1750533%2C00.html . 16 July 2011.
14. Web site: "Erin-go-Bragh" (19th century Scottish song).
15. Web site: Handful of Earth . Topic Records . 10 August 2011.
16. News: Opinion: Erin Go Broke . Paul . Krugman . Paul Krugman . . 19 April 2009.
17. Web site: Memorable quotes for The Boondock Saints II: All Saints Day . IMDb.
18. Web site: Trimble, Joan Dictionary of Irish Biography . 2023-12-18 . www.dib.ie . en.
19. Book: Igoe . Brian . The Story of Ireland . 2009 . 227.