Erigeron sumatrensis explained

Erigeron sumatrensis (syn. Conyza sumatrensis) is an annual herb probably native to South America, but widely naturalised in tropical and subtropical regions, and regarded as an invasive weed in many places.[1]

In the British Isles it is known as Guernsey fleabane. Other common names include fleabane, tall fleabane, broad-leaved fleabane, white horseweed, and Sumatran fleabane.

Description

When fully grown (in summer or autumn), Erigeron sumatrensis reaches one to two metres in height. Flowers are white rather than purple-pink. Its leaves are like dandelion leaves, but longer, thinner and more like primrose leaves in colour and texture. Its seeding heads are like dandelions, but straw coloured and smaller.[2] In certain countries the plant has started to exhibit resistance to herbicides.[3]

Distribution

It probably originates from South America, but is now naturalised in North America, Europe,[4] Africa,[5] Asia,[6] and Australasia.[7] It poses a significant threat to wildlife conservation areas and other reserves. In Britain, of the non-native former Conyza species, it is the second most abundant (after Erigeron canadensis) and is typically found in London and the South East of England. It was first recorded in London by Brian Wurzell in 1984,[8] and noted in France at Saint-Sozy (Dordogne) in 2006.[9]

Taxonomic note

Older literature such as Flora of Turkey may quote Conyza albida Willd. ex Spreng. intending what is now E. sumatrensis Retz., and should be taken as such; likewise other literature references may do so; the type has subsequently been revised and Conyza albida Willd. ex Spreng. is now viewed as a synonym for Erigeron floribundus (Kunth) Sch.Bip. [10]

External links

Notes and References

  1. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11159722#page/98/mode/1up Pruski, J.F. & G. Sancho. 2006. Conyza sumatrensis var. leiotheca (Compositae: Astereae), a new combination for a common neotropical weed. Novon 16(1): 96–101
  2. See pictures at International Environmental Weed Foundation
  3. https://web.archive.org/web/20020420153136/http://www.weedscience.org/Case/Case.asp?ResistID=126 Sumatran Fleabane
  4. http://www.kuleuven-kortrijk.be/bioweb/?lang=en&detail=732&titel=Sumatran%20fleabane%20-%20Conyza%20sumatrensis Fleabane in Holland
  5. http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=159010 Flora of Zimbabwe: Conyza sumatrensis
  6. http://www.botanic.jp/plants-aa/ooaret.htm Sumatran Fleabane in Japan
  7. http://www.hear.org/pier/species/conyza_sumatrensis.htm Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): Conyza sumatrensis
  8. Web site: Fleabane in London . 2008-03-01 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110604111307/http://freespace.virgin.net/conserving.bevan/talk2.htm . 2011-06-04 . dead .
  9. Web site: France – The Dordogne . 2011-10-18 . Mark Galliott . June 2006 . Tour Report . Naturetrek Wildlife Holidays . https://web.archive.org/web/20070929015715/http://www.naturetrek.co.uk/reports/France%20-%20The%20Dordogne%20-%20tour%20report%20%28May%2006%29.pdf . 2007-09-29 . dead .
  10. http://www.phytoneuron.net/2018Phytoneuron/27PhytoN-Conyzasumatrensis.pdf Erigeron Floribundus and E. Sumatrensis (Asteraceae) In The USA And Mexico, 2018 by Guy L. Nesom