Erich Oberdorfer (born 26 March 1905 in Freiburg; died 23 September 2002) was a German biologist specializing in phytosociology and phytogeography. His official botanical author abbreviation is “Oberd."
Oberdorfer was born in Freiburg. After graduating from high school in 1923, he studied biological sciences at the University of Freiburg and University of Tübingen. In Freiburg he heard lectures from Hans Spemann and Friedrich Oltmann, among others . In addition to Felix Rawitscher, Walter Zimmermann, who was assistant to Friedrich Oltmanns at the time, was one of his teachers. He graduated in Freiburg in 1928 with a doctorate which he wrote under the direction of Friedrich Oltmanns and the ecophysiologist Bruno Huber, about the relationship between the places where different algae grew on the rock faces of the Überlinger See and the light conditions at different depths.
Oberdorfer initially did not get a job as a teacher because of the economic upheaval in Germany at that time. He was entrusted with a research project on the late and post-Ice Age deposits in the Feldmoos on Schluchsee. This work was supported by the Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft, a forerunner organization of the German Research Foundation, and was undertaken, among other things, because the Schluchsee was to be dammed up to generate electricity. The field moss was to be carefully examined again before it disappeared. Oberdorfer mainly examined the large remains, which he took from depths of up to seven meters using soil auger, and established pollen profiles of the different layers. Among other things, he was able to prove that during the Late Ice Age of the Black Forest the white silver arum Dryas octopetala and the dwarf birch Betula nana as well as several willow species (Salix herbacea, Salix reticulata or Salix myrtilloides) occurred. With his research results, evidence for the climatic fluctuations of the Late Ice Age was available for the Black Forest for the first time. He continued this work during his later position as a teacher until 1939, and became one of the pioneers in the field of pollen analysis in Central Europe.
Oberdorfer dealt with various, then new methods of descriptive vegetation science. He learnt to know the plant-sociological method according to Josias Braun-Blanquet through Hermann Otto Sleumer and soon had contact with Braun-Blanquet himself, Reinhold Tüxen and Walo Koch.
In 1931 Oberdorfer his first job as a teacher and taught first in Weinheim, then in Bruchsal and Karlsruhe at the grammar school biology and geography. In addition, he also mapped the area around Bruchsal using the Braun-Blanquet method. The result was the Bruchsal vegetation map on a scale of 1: 25,000 in 1936. With this, he had created the second vegetation map with this scale. In 1938 the sheet Bühlertal - Hornisgrinde was to appear, as early as 1937 he had published a vegetation map of Baden 1: 1,000,000.
In 1937 Oberdorfer was transferred to Karlsruhe, where he initially received half a deputation as a teacher and a position at the Baden Nature Conservation Agency in Karlsruhe under its director Hermann Schurhammer. In 1938, he left school teaching entirely and received a full-time position as a conservator. In doing so, he had to write reports and descriptions of the nature reserves between Lake Constance and the Tauber area, and his trips made him a profound expert on the vegetation of what was then Baden. Work on the plant communities of the Rhine plain, the Black Forest and the Kraichgau later flowed alongside explorations in the Allgäu and in the Alps in his overview of the southern German plant communities, published in the first edition in 1957, in which he also summarized the vegetation recordings of numerous other plant sociologists. The work appeared in a new edition between 1977 and 1992. With this book, Oberdorfer also significantly shaped the plant-sociological nomenclature not only of southern Germany, but of all of Central Europe.
Oberdorfer was a member of the SA and the NSDAP. He had experience with the vegetation of Southeastern Europe as a botanist at the "Research Season zbV" where the Lieutenant Schulz-Kampfhenkel used and mapped including in Thessaly, Macedonia, Albania, and Thrace, where he made with colleagues phytosociological recordings and auswertete soil profiles.[1] With studies of the vegetation of northern Spain and a research trip to Chile from 1957 to 1958, he rounded off his knowledge of vegetation outside of Central Europe.
After the end of the war Oberdorfer was initially only given occasional jobs due to his membership of the SA and the NSDAP, for example as a research assistant to Heinrich Walter at the University of Hohenheim. Starting 1947, Oberdorfer was employed as a curator at the newly established state agency for nature conservation in North Baden (since 1952 District Office for Nature Conservation and Landscape Management, North Baden) and was its director until 1958. In addition, in 1947 he was also head of the regional collections for natural history in Karlsruhe. After an official director's position was created in 1958 Oberdorfer held this position until his retirement in 1970.From 1950 Oberdorfer held a teaching position for plant-sociological site studies at the Forestry Faculty of the University of Freiburg and was appointed honorary professor there in 1962.
While Oberdorfer's work South German Plant Societies is only known to experts in plant sociology, his plant sociological excursion flora became famous among field botanists. It is the only standard flora in Central Europe that gives detailed ecological information on the species. "Der Oberdorfer" was first published in 1949. In 2001 Oberdorfer published the 8th edition of Flora together with Theo Müller and Angelika Schwabe . With this work, Oberdorfer has made a significant contribution to the shift in field botany from pure floristry to a site-ecological consideration of the vegetation.
together with Theo Müller and Georg Philippi: The potential natural vegetation of Baden-Württemberg, publications by the State Agency for Nature Conservation and Landscape Management Baden-Württemberg (Supplement 6), Ludwigsburg 1974as co-author: Der Hohe Schwarzwald, Freiburg im Breisgau 1980, .
See also: Forest societies of Central Europe, plant sociological units according to Oberdorfer