Eremochaetidae Explained

Eremochaetidae is an extinct family of brachyceran flies known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods of Asia. It is part of the extinct superfamily Archisargoidea. The morphology of the ovipositor of the only 3 dimensionally preserved genus Zhenia was initially interpreted as evidence of being an endoparasitoid of arthropods, however a subsequent study suggested that the ovipositor was used to deposit its eggs in plant material, similar to members of Tephritoidea. In a phylogenetic analysis, Ermochaetidae was found to be monophyletic, surrounded by a paraphyletic Archisargidae.^[1]

Taxonomy

• †Alleremonomus Ren and Guo 1995^[2]
  • †Alleremonomus xingi Ren and Guo 1995 Laiyang Formation, Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
• †Dissup Evenhuis 1994^[3]
  • †Dissup clausus Zhang et al. 2014^[4] Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
  • †Dissup irae (Kovalev 1989)^[5] Turga Formation, Russia, Aptian
• †Eremochaetomima Mostovski 1996^[6]
  • †Eremochaetomima incompleta Mostovski 1996 Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Oxfordian
• †Eremochaetosoma Kovalev 1986^[7]
  • †Eremochaetosoma mongolicum Kovalev 1986 Gurvan-Eren Formation, Mongolia, Aptian
• †Eremochaetus Ussatchov 1968^[8]
  • †Eremochaetus asilicus Ussatchov 1968 Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Oxfordian
• †Eremomukha Mostovski 1996
  • †Eremomukha (Eremocreta) Mostovski 1996
    • †Eremomukha (Eremocreta) addita Mostovski 1996 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
    • †Eremomukha (Eremocreta) posita Mostovski 1996 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
    • †Eremomukha (Eremocreta) sorosi Mostovski 1996 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
  • †Eremomukha (Eremomukha) Mostovski 1996
    • †Eremomukha (Eremomukha) angusta Zhang 2014 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
    • †Eremomukha (Eremomukha) insidiosa Mostovski 1996 Gurvan-Eren Formation, Mongolia, Aptian
    • †Eremomukha (Eremomukha) tenuissima Zhang 2014 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
    • †Eremomukha (Eremomukha) tsokotukha Mostovski 1996 Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia, Aptian
• †Lepteremochaetus Ren 1998^[9] Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
  • †Lepteremochaetus elegans Zhang 2014^[10]
  • †Lepteremochaetus lithoecius Ren 1998
• †Pareremochaetus Ussatchov 1968
  • †Pareremochaetus minor Ussatchov 1968 Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Oxfordian
• †Zhenia Zhang et al. 2016^[11] Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
  • †Zhenia xiai Zhang et al. 2016
  • †Zhenia burmensis Zhang & Zhang, 2019^[12]

Notes and References

1. Grimaldi. David A.. Barden. Phillip. 2016-09-29. The Mesozoic Family Eremochaetidae (Diptera: Brachycera) in Burmese Amber and Relationships of Archisargoidea: Brachycera in Cretaceous Amber, Part VIII. American Museum Novitates. en. 3865. 1–29. 10.1206/3865.1. 89602433. 0003-0082.
2. D. Ren and Z. Guo. 1995. A new genus and two new species of short-horned flies of Upper Jurassic from Northeast China (Diptera: Eremochaetidae). Entomologica Sinica 2(4):300-307
3. N. L. Evenhuis. 1994. Catalogue of the Fossil Flies of the World (Insecta: Diptera) 1-600
4. Zhang. Kuiyan. Yang. Ding. Ren. Dong. 2014-02-03. New short-horned flies (Diptera: Eremochaetidae) from the Early Cretaceous of China. Zootaxa. 3760. 3. 479–86. 10.11646/zootaxa.3760.3.15. 24870098. 1175-5334.
5. V. G. Kovalev. 1989. Eremochaetidae, the Mesozoic family of brachycerous dipterans. Paleontological Journal 23(2):100-105
6. M. B. Mostovski. 1996. To the knowledge of Archisargoidea (Diptera, Brachycera). Families Eremochaetidae and Archisargidae. Russian Entomological Journal 5:117-124
7. V. G. Kovalev. 1986. Bibionomorpha and Asilomorpha, in Nasekomye v rannemelovykh ekosistemakh zapadnoy Mongolii. The Joint Soviet-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition 28:125-154
8. D. A. Ussatchov. 1968. New Jurassic Asilomorpha (Diptera) in Karatau. Entomological Review 47:617-628
9. D. Ren. 1998. Late Jurassic Brachycera from northeastern China (Insecta: Diptera). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 23:65-82
10. Zhang. Junfeng. May 2014. New male eremochaetid flies (Diptera, Brachycera, Eremochaetidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of China. Cretaceous Research. en. 49. 205–213. 10.1016/j.cretres.2014.02.012.
11. Zhang. Qingqing. Zhang. Junfeng. Feng. Yitao. Zhang. Haichun. Wang. Bo. February 2016. An endoparasitoid Cretaceous fly and the evolution of parasitoidism. The Science of Nature. en. 103. 1–2. 2. 10.1007/s00114-015-1327-y. 26715353. 16580195. 0028-1042.
12. Zhang. Qingqing. Zhang. Junfeng. 2019-06-14. Contribution to the knowledge of male and female eremochaetid flies in the late Cretaceous amber of Burma (Diptera, Brachycera, Eremochaetidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. 66. 1. 75–83. 10.3897/dez.66.33914. 1860-1324. free.