Epididymal cyst explained

Epididymal cyst
Symptoms:Scrotal mass and pain.
Diagnosis:Ultrasound.

Epididymal cyst is a harmless sac in the testicles filled with fluid.[1] The most frequent clinical presentation occurs when a routine physical examination yields an unexpected finding, which is then confirmed by scrotal ultrasonography.[2] Although the exact cause of epididymal cysts is unknown, it is likely a congenital anomaly associated with hormonal imbalances during the embryonic stage of development.[3]

Signs and symptoms

An epididymal cyst, a benign cystic fluid collection in the scrotum, usually manifests as a painless swelling on top of the testicle and can be inadvertently discovered during a physical examination.[1] The most typical clinical findings are scrotal mass and pain.[2]

Causes

The exact cause of an epididymal cyst is unknown, but it is most likely a congenital anomaly associated with hormonal imbalances during embryonic life.[3] Previous research has shown a correlation between the development of epididymal cysts and maternal exposure to endocrine disrupting substances like diethylstilbestrol during male fetal development.[4] [5] It has been determined that the causes of epididymal cysts in children are vasal or epididymal obstruction and environmental endocrine disruptors.[6] [7] There has also been a suggestion that the testicular dysgenesis syndrome may include an epididymal cyst.[8]

Diagnosis

An ultrasound is used to confirm 20–30% of epididymal cysts that are found during a physical examination.[1]

Treatment

An epididymal cyst usually resolves on its own over time and doesn't need to be surgically removed.[1] Nonetheless, patients who experience excruciating scrotal pain or whose cyst size does not appear to be involute are advised to have their epididymal cysts surgically removed.[3]

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Boscarelli . Alessandro . Bellini . Tommaso . Epididymal cyst in children . European Journal of Pediatrics . 180 . 9 . 2021 . 0340-6199 . 10.1007/s00431-021-04080-5 . 2723–2729. 33851241 . 233225219 .
  2. Homayoon . Kaveh . Suhre . Chris D. . Steinhardt . George F. . Epididymal Cysts in Children: Natural History . Journal of Urology . 171 . 3 . 2004 . 0022-5347 . 10.1097/01.ju.0000110322.87053.99 . 1274–1276. 14767330 .
  3. Erikci . Volkan . Hoşgör . Münevver . Aksoy . Nail . Okur . Özkan . Yildiz . Melih . Dursun . Ahmet . Demircan . Yusuf . Örnek . Yilmazcan . Genişol . İncinur . Management of epididymal cysts in childhood . Journal of Pediatric Surgery . Elsevier BV . 48 . 10 . 2013 . 0022-3468 . 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2013.01.058 . 2153–2156. 24094972 .
  4. Gill . W.R. . Schumacher . G.F.B. . Bibbo . M. . Pathological Seman and Anatomical Abnormalities of the Genital Tract in Human Male Subjects Exposed to Diethylstilbestrol in Utero . Journal of Urology . Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) . 117 . 4 . 1977 . 0022-5347 . 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)58502-x . 477–480. 850321 .
  5. McLachlan . J. A. . Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol in mice: Toxicological studies . Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health . Informa UK Limited . 2 . 3 . 1977 . 0098-4108 . 10.1080/15287397709529453 . 527–537. 846001 . 1977JTEH....2..527M .
  6. Jarvis . LJ . Dubbins . PA . Changes in the epididymis after vasectomy: sonographic findings . American Journal of Roentgenology . American Roentgen Ray Society . 152 . 3 . March 1, 1989 . 0361-803X . 10.2214/ajr.152.3.531 . 531–534. 2644777 .
  7. Skakkebæk . Niels E. . Endocrine Disrupters and Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome . Hormone Research in Paediatrics . S. Karger AG . 57 . 2 . 2002 . 1663-2818 . 10.1159/000058100 . 43. 12065926 .
  8. Skakkebæk . N.E. . Rajpert-De Meyts . E. . Main . K.M. . Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: an increasingly common developmental disorder with environmental aspects: Opinion . Human Reproduction . Oxford University Press (OUP) . 16 . 5 . 2001 . 1460-2350 . 10.1093/humrep/16.5.972 . 972–978. 11331648 .

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