EPH receptor B2 explained

Ephrin type-B receptor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPHB2 gene.^[1]

Function

Ephrin receptors and their ligands, the ephrins, mediate numerous developmental processes, particularly in the nervous system. Based on their structures and sequence relationships, ephrins are divided into the ephrin-A (EFNA) class, which are anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, and the ephrin-B (EFNB) class, which are transmembrane proteins. The Eph family of receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands. Ephrin receptors make up the largest subgroup of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for ephrin-B family members.^[2]

Animal studies

EphB2 is part of the NMDA signaling pathway and restoring expression rescues cognitive function in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease.^[3]

A recessive EphB2 gene is responsible for the crested-feather mutation in pigeons.^[4]

Interactions

EPH receptor B2 has been shown to interact with:

• Abl gene^[5]
• RAS p21 protein activator 1^[6]
• Src^{[7] [8]}

Notes and References

1. Chan J, Watt VM . eek and erk, new members of the eph subclass of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases . Oncogene . 6 . 6 . 1057–61 . August 1991 . 1648701 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: EPHB2 EPH receptor B2.
3. Cissé M, Halabisky B, Harris J, Devidze N, Dubal DB, Sun B, Orr A, Lotz G, Kim DH, Hamto P, Ho K, Yu GQ, Mucke L . Reversing EphB2 depletion rescues cognitive functions in Alzheimer model . Nature . 469 . 7328 . 47–52 . January 2011 . 21113149 . 3030448 . 10.1038/nature09635 . 2011Natur.469...47C.
   • Web site: November 29, 2010 . Protein provides Alzheimer's clue . NHS Choices . https://web.archive.org/web/20110518175618/http://www.nhs.uk/news/2010/11November/Pages/ephb2-protein-alzheimers-disease-reversal.aspx . 2011-05-18.
4. Shapiro MD, Kronenberg Z, Li C, Domyan ET, Pan H, Campbell M, Tan H, Huff CD, Hu H, Vickrey AI, Nielsen SC, Stringham SA, Hu H, Willerslev E, Gilbert MT, Yandell M, Zhang G, Wang J . Genomic diversity and evolution of the head crest in the rock pigeon . Science . 339 . 6123 . 1063–7 . January 2013 . 23371554 . 10.1126/science.1230422 . 3778192. 2013Sci...339.1063S .
   • News: Carl Zimmer . February 4, 2013 . Pigeons Get a New Look . The New York Times . subscription.
5. Yu HH, Zisch AH, Dodelet VC, Pasquale EB . July 2001 . Multiple signaling interactions of Abl and Arg kinases with the EphB2 receptor . Oncogene . 20 . 30 . 3995–4006 . 11494128 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1204524. free .
6. Holland SJ, Gale NW, Gish GD, Roth RA, Songyang Z, Cantley LC, Henkemeyer M, Yancopoulos GD, Pawson T . July 1997 . Juxtamembrane tyrosine residues couple the Eph family receptor EphB2/Nuk to specific SH2 domain proteins in neuronal cells . EMBO J. . 16 . 13 . 3877–88 . 9233798 . 1170012 . 10.1093/emboj/16.13.3877.
7. Zisch AH, Kalo MS, Chong LD, Pasquale EB . May 1998 . Complex formation between EphB2 and Src requires phosphorylation of tyrosine 611 in the EphB2 juxtamembrane region . Oncogene . 16 . 20 . 2657–70 . 9632142 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1201823. free .
8. Zisch AH, Pazzagli C, Freeman AL, Schneller M, Hadman M, Smith JW, Ruoslahti E, Pasquale EB . January 2000 . Replacing two conserved tyrosines of the EphB2 receptor with glutamic acid prevents binding of SH2 domains without abrogating kinase activity and biological responses . Oncogene . 19 . 2 . 177–87 . 10644995 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1203304. free .