Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin explained

Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RNASE2 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

The protein encoded by this gene is found in eosinophil granulocytes. It is closely related to the eosinophil cationic protein (RNASE3) from which it diverged ~50 million years ago after the split between the old world and the new world monkeys.^[4] It is relatively neutral and has cytotoxic properties. It is capable of reducing the activity of single strand RNA viruses in culture through its enzymatic activity. It also serves as an attractant to immune cells.

See also

• Ribonuclease A

Further reading

• Rosenberg HF, Domachowske JB . Eosinophils, ribonucleases and host defense: solving the puzzle. . Immunol. Res. . 20 . 3 . 261–74 . 2000 . 10741866 . 10.1007/BF02790409 . 688286 .
• Abu-Ghazaleh RI, Dunnette SL, Loegering DA . Eosinophil granule proteins in peripheral blood granulocytes. . J. Leukoc. Biol. . 52 . 6 . 611–8 . 1993 . 1464733 . 10.1002/jlb.52.6.611. 28601297 . etal.
• Sakakibara R, Hashida K, Kitahara T, Ishiguro M . Characterization of a unique nonsecretory ribonuclease from urine of pregnant women. . J. Biochem. . 111 . 3 . 325–30 . 1992 . 1587793 . 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a123757.
• Hamann KJ, Ten RM, Loegering DA . Structure and chromosome localization of the human eosinophil-derived neurotoxin and eosinophil cationic protein genes: evidence for intronless coding sequences in the ribonuclease gene superfamily. . Genomics . 7 . 4 . 535–46 . 1990 . 2387583 . 10.1016/0888-7543(90)90197-3 . etal.
• Hamann KJ, Barker RL, Loegering DA . Sequence of human eosinophil-derived neurotoxin cDNA: identity of deduced amino acid sequence with human nonsecretory ribonucleases. . Gene . 83 . 1 . 161–7 . 1990 . 2591744 . 10.1016/0378-1119(89)90414-9 . etal.
• Barker RL, Loegering DA, Ten RM . Eosinophil cationic protein cDNA. Comparison with other toxic cationic proteins and ribonucleases. . J. Immunol. . 143 . 3 . 952–5 . 1989 . 10.4049/jimmunol.143.3.952 . 2745977 . etal. free .
• Beintema JJ, Hofsteenge J, Iwama M . Amino acid sequence of the nonsecretory ribonuclease of human urine. . Biochemistry . 27 . 12 . 4530–8 . 1988 . 3166997 . 10.1021/bi00412a046 . etal.
• Sorrentino S, Tucker GK, Glitz DG . Purification and characterization of a ribonuclease from human liver. . J. Biol. Chem. . 263 . 31 . 16125–31 . 1988 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)37567-7 . 3182786 . free .
• Gleich GJ, Loegering DA, Bell MP . Biochemical and functional similarities between human eosinophil-derived neurotoxin and eosinophil cationic protein: homology with ribonuclease. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 83 . 10 . 3146–50 . 1986 . 3458170 . 10.1073/pnas.83.10.3146 . 323469 . 1986PNAS...83.3146G . etal. free .
• Niwata Y, Ohgi K, Sanda A . Purification and properties of bovine kidney ribonucleases. . J. Biochem. . 97 . 3 . 923–34 . 1985 . 3926759 . 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a135134. etal.
• de Beer T, Vliegenthart JF, Löffler A, Hofsteenge J . The hexopyranosyl residue that is C-glycosidically linked to the side chain of tryptophan-7 in human RNase Us is alpha-mannopyranose. . Biochemistry . 34 . 37 . 11785–9 . 1995 . 7547911 . 10.1021/bi00037a016 . 1874/5760 . 22324479 . free .
• Hofsteenge J, Müller DR, de Beer T . New type of linkage between a carbohydrate and a protein: C-glycosylation of a specific tryptophan residue in human RNase Us. . Biochemistry . 33 . 46 . 13524–30 . 1994 . 7947762 . 10.1021/bi00250a003 . etal. 1874/5472 . 13538645 . free .
• Kardana A, Bagshawe KD, Coles B . Characterisation of UGP and its relationship with beta-core fragment. . Br. J. Cancer . 67 . 4 . 686–92 . 1993 . 8471426 . 10.1038/bjc.1993.127. 1968365 . etal.
• Mosimann SC, Newton DL, Youle RJ, James MN . X-ray crystallographic structure of recombinant eosinophil-derived neurotoxin at 1.83 A resolution. . J. Mol. Biol. . 260 . 4 . 540–52 . 1996 . 8759319 . 10.1006/jmbi.1996.0420 .
• Krieg J, Hartmann S, Vicentini A . Recognition signal for C-mannosylation of Trp-7 in RNase 2 consists of sequence Trp-x-x-Trp. . Mol. Biol. Cell . 9 . 2 . 301–9 . 1998 . 9450956 . 10.1091/mbc.9.2.301. 25254 . etal.
• Sur S, Glitz DG, Kita H . Localization of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin and eosinophil cationic protein in neutrophilic leukocytes. . J. Leukoc. Biol. . 63 . 6 . 715–22 . 1998 . 9620664 . 10.1002/jlb.63.6.715. etal. free .
• Zhang J, Rosenberg HF . Sequence variation at two eosinophil-associated ribonuclease loci in humans. . Genetics . 156 . 4 . 1949–58 . 2001 . 10.1093/genetics/156.4.1949 . 11102386 . 1461363 .

External links

• • • PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin

Notes and References

1. Mastrianni DM, Eddy RL, Rosenberg HF, Corrette SE, Shows TB, Tenen DG, Ackerman SJ . Localization of the human eosinophil Charcot-Leyden crystal protein (lysophospholipase) gene (CLC) to chromosome 19 and the human ribonuclease 2 (eosinophil-derived neurotoxin) and ribonuclease 3 (eosinophil cationic protein) genes (RNS2 and RNS3) to chromosome 14 . Genomics . 13 . 1 . 240–2 . Jun 1992 . 1577491 . 10.1016/0888-7543(92)90237-M .
2. Rosenberg HF, Tenen DG, Ackerman SJ . Molecular cloning of the human eosinophil-derived neurotoxin: a member of the ribonuclease gene family . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 86 . 12 . 4460–4 . Jul 1989 . 2734298 . 287289 . 10.1073/pnas.86.12.4460 . 1989PNAS...86.4460R . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: RNASE2 ribonuclease, RNase A family, 2 (liver, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin).
4. 10.1189/jlb.1107725 . free. 1938-3673. 83. 5. 1079–1087. Rosenberg. Helene F.. RNase A ribonucleases and host defense: an evolving story. Journal of Leukocyte Biology . 2008-05-01. 2692241. 18211964.