| Settlement Type: | Ethnic township |
| Pushpin Map: | China Inner Mongolia#China |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | China |
| Subdivision Type2: | Autonomous region |
| Subdivision Name2: | Inner Mongolia |
| Subdivision Type3: | Prefecture-level city |
| Subdivision Name3: | Hulunbuir |
| Subdivision Type4: | County-level city |
| Subdivision Name4: | Ergun City |
| Coordinates: | 50.819°N 119.911°W |
| Population Total: | 2339 |
| Official Name: | Enhe Russian Ethnic Township |
| Native Name Lang: | zh |
| Area Total Km2: | 2068 |
| Population As Of: | 2017 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
Enhe Russian Ethnic Township (Russian: Эньхэ-Русская национальная волость,) is an ethnic township in Northeast Inner Mongolia under the administration of Ergun City.[1] [2] The township along the banks of the Argun River. Enhe is the only ethnic township in China designated for China's Russian minority. Enhe spans an area of 2068km2, and has a population of 2,339 people as of 2017.
Enhe spans an area of 2068km2, with its center located 98km (61miles) north of Ergun's urban center. Enhe's terrain is largely hilly, with its elevation ranging from 700m (2,300feet) to 1000m (3,000feet) above sea level. The ethnic township shares a 75km (47miles) border with Russia, determined by the Argun River.
The ethnic township hosts much undisturbed nature, including large swathes of virgin forests and grasslands. Plants native to Enhe include lingonberries, blueberries, Chinese skullcaps, and dangshen. Animals native to Enhe include the Asian black bear, the Siberian roe deer, the lynx, and the Hazel grouse.
Enhe experiences an average annual temperature between -5°C and -4°C, with the lowest recorded temperature being -50°C, and the highest recorded temperature being 39°C. The ethnic township experiences an average annual precipitation between 450mm and 600mm. On average, Enhe experiences 90 frost-free days per year.
As of March 2017, Enhe's population totals 2,339, and is largely Russian and descended from mixed marriages of Han Chinese and Russians. A 2019 publication from the ethnic township's government states that 1,309 of Enhe's 2,339 people, or 55.96% of its total population, is either ethnically Russian or have both Russian and Chinese heritage, whereas a 2021 publication from Ergun's municipal government suggests that 80% of Enhe's population have some Russian lineage. Lonely Planet observes that some of the people in the township "look purely Russian".[3]
Records of marriages between Chinese and Russians in the region date back to the 1890s from the beginning of Russian colonization of Manchuria. Unlike the conventional colonial marriage pattern of Western men marrying native women, the predominant combination in Manchuria was between Russian women and Chinese men. Mixed families are mainly settled along the towns and villages of the Argun River including Enhe, which is the only one of the settlements to be an official ethnic Russian township.[4]
In addition to Russian and Han Chinese populations, Enhe is also home to significant Mongol, Hui, Manchu, Korean, Daur, Oroqen, and Evenk populations.
Sizable mineral resources run through the region, including gold, lead, zinc, iron and copper.
Enhe hosts one state-owned ranch and two state-owned tree farms.
There is one school: Ergun City Enhe Primary School (额尔古纳市恩和小学).[5]
Enhe has emerged as a tourism destination noted for its peaceful countryside backdrop. Lonely Planet describes Enhe as "a charming village brimming with an unhurried and authentic atmosphere" where "herders milk their cows outside their properties when they aren't taking them out to pasture".[3] Tourism is also enhanced by the Russian cultural ties of the township including Russian bakeries and buildings with the architectural stylings of traditional Russian wooden cottages.[6] There is also homestay accommodation in Enhe giving a representation of traditional Russian village living.[7]
There were plans to enclose the village and charge an entrance fee,[7] though as of 2023 no such actions have been taken.