| Series: | 1876–77 Australia v England Series |
| Date: | 15 March – 4 April 1877 |
| Place: | Australia |
| Result: | The 2-Test series was drawn 1-1 |
| Captain1: | Dave Gregory |
| Captain2: | James Lillywhite |
| Runs1: | Charles Bannerman (209) Nat Thomson (67) |
| Runs2: | George Ulyett (139) Allen Hill (101) |
| Wickets1: | Tom Kendall (14) Billy Midwinter (8) |
| Wickets2: | James Lillywhite (8) Alfred Shaw (8) |
The Australia and New Zealand tour of the England cricket team in 1876–77 was at the time considered to be another professional first-class cricket tour of the colonies, as similar tours had occurred previously, but retrospectively it became classified as the first Test cricket tour of Australia by the English cricket team. The English team is sometimes referred to as James Lillywhite's XI. In all, they played 23 matches but only three including the two Tests are recognised as first-class. The first match started at the Adelaide Oval on 16 November 1876 and the last at the same venue on 14 April 1877. There were fifteen matches in Australia and, between January and March, eight in New Zealand.
A rival tour had been proposed by Fred Grace but was cancelled, enabling most of the best players of the Australian colonies to participate in two matches against James Lillywhite's side. Fred Spofforth, widely regarded as the best Australian fast bowler, controversially withdrew from the first match in protest over the omission of Billy Murdoch as wicket-keeper. Starting on 15 March 1877 the two sides played two matches, later designated Test matches, and the series was drawn 1-1.
For more details about the establishment of Test cricket, see the first Test tour: 1876/7. Although both matches have Test status, this series is not considered to be part of The Ashes, which began in 1882.
| Most runs | Charles Bannerman | 209 | |
| Most wickets | Tom Kendall | 14 | |
| Most catches (excluding wicket-keepers) | Tom Emmett | 4 | |
| Highest individual innings | Charles Bannerman | 165 (retired hurt) | |
| Best innings bowling | Tom Kendall | 7/55 (First Test, second innings) | |
| Highest match total | Charles Bannerman | 169 (First Test) | |
| Best match bowling | Tom Kendall / Alfred Shaw | 8 (First Test) |
| Best innings | England | 261 (Second Test, first innings) | |
| Worst innings | England | 108 (First Test, second innings) | |
| Tosses won | Australia | 2 (of 2) |