Endorsements in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum explained

A number of politicians, public figures, newspapers and magazines, businesses and other organisations endorsed either the United Kingdom remaining in the EU or the United Kingdom leaving the EU during the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum.

Remain

Government

Territories voting in referendum

Other Crown dependencies

Non-UK governments

Registered political parties

Parties organised in more than one of the Home Nations:

Parties in Scotland:

Parties in Northern Ireland:

Parties in Wales:

Parties in Gibraltar:

Other regional parties:

Business leaders

Letter to The Times

In a letter published in The Times, a wide range of business leaders, including 36 FTSE 100 companies, called for a vote to stay in the European Union. The letter stated that British "business needs unrestricted access to the European market of 500 million people to continue to grow, invest, and create jobs. We believe that leaving the EU would deter investment, threaten jobs, and put the economy at risk. Britain will be stronger, safer, and better off remaining a member of the EU".[26] [27]

Politicians

Only politicians who held positions that differed from the party line or whose party was officially neutral are listed here.

Conservative Party

Within the Conservative Party (which was officially neutral), 25 of the 30 Cabinet Ministers including the Prime Minister, specifically: Others included former Prime Minister John Major,[28] former party leader William Hague,[29] former Deputy Prime Minister Michael Heseltine,[30] David Willetts,[31] former Chancellor of the Exchequer Ken Clarke,[32] and former ministers Edwina Currie[33] and Baroness Warsi (who, it was alleged, supported Leave, despite the Vote Leave side not being aware of her support prior to the allegations).[34]

The majority of the Conservative Party's 330 MPs announced that they would campaign for Britain to remain in the European Union. Including Cabinet Ministers, the list included:[35]

The list of Conservative Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) that announced that they would campaign for Britain to remain in the European Union is:[36]

Other Conservatives supporting a Remain vote were:

Scottish Conservative MSPs also included Miles Briggs, Peter Chapman, Jackson Carlaw, John Lamont, Alex Johnstone, Rachael Hamilton, Liz Smith, Donald Cameron, Adam Tomkins, Douglas Ross, Brian Whittle, Finlay Carson and Annie Wells.[41]

Independent

International figures

Other countries

International organisations

Newspapers and magazines

Foreign newspapers and magazines

Local government authorities

Organisations

Trade unions

The Trades Union Congress (TUC), representing 52 British trade unions, endorsed Britain remaining in the EU. All but a few of its member unions were expected to urge voters to stay in the EU.[66]

Other organisations

Noted individuals

Healthcare professionals letter

In a letter to The Times, around 200 healthcare professionals defended the EU as an overall benefit to UK public health, the NHS and health research. Sections from the letter stated "As health professionals and researchers we write to highlight the valuable benefits of continued EU membership to the NHS, medical innovation and UK public health". "We have made enormous progress over decades in international health research, health services innovation and public health. Much has been built around shared policies and capacity across the EU". "EU trade deals will not privatise the NHS as the EU negotiating position now contains clear safeguards. Decisions on NHS privatisation are in UK government hands alone. EU immigration is a net benefit to our NHS in terms of finances, staffing and exchanges". "Finally, leaving the EU would not provide a financial windfall for the NHS". Signatories included:[67] [68]

Royal Society letter

Led by Professor Stephen Hawking,[69] more than 150 notable academics, all Fellows of the Royal Society, signed a letter to The Times newspaper setting out their position on the European Union that leaving the bloc would damage science and research. They included:[70]

University leaders letter

Over 100 UK university leaders signed an open letter to The Sunday Times supporting UK membership of the EU. They stated that "Inside the EU, we are better able to collaborate with partners from across Europe to carry out cutting edge research, from medical and healthcare advances, to new materials, products and services. In the EU, the UK is also a more attractive destination for global talent, ensuring that our students are taught by the best minds from across Europe. This has a direct impact on our economy, driving growth, generating jobs and ultimately improving people's lives". Signatories included:[71]

Creative Industries letter

Almost 300 of the world's biggest creative industries names signed a letter to support keeping Britain in the EU, including (but not limited to) the names listed below. A Creative Industries Federation survey also revealed that 96% of its members supported remaining in the EU. The letter stated that "Britain is not just stronger in Europe, it is more imaginative and more creative, and our global creative success would be severely weakened by walking away". Signatories included:

Economists' letter

In a letter to The Times, 279 economists stated that Brexit would "entail significant long-term costs". The signatories wrote, "focusing entirely on the economics, we consider that it would be a major mistake for the UK to leave the European Union." At the time of publication the letter had 199 signatories. A further 80 signed after publication.[72] [73] [74]

Lawyers' report

Around 300 lawyers signed a report on UK membership of the EU and the alternatives. They stated: "we recognised how much of the debate on the UK's membership of the EU is based on a lack of information, misconceptions, or, worse, misinformation [...] Ultimately, we believe a sensible judgment on EU membership can be made only on the basis of reliable evidence". The signatories "consider that the UK's interests are best served by remaining in the EU".[75]

Historians letter

In a letter to the Guardian, more than 300 prominent historians urged the United Kingdom to remain in the European Union. The letter said, "On 23 June, we face a choice: to cast ourselves adrift, condemning ourselves to irrelevance and Europe to division and weakness; or to reaffirm our commitment to the EU and stiffen the cohesion of our continent in a dangerous world." Notable signatories included:[76] [77]

Armed Forces and Security Services

Letters to The Guardian by European writers

On 4 June 2016, The Guardian newspaper published a number of 'letters to Britain' by European (non-British) writers and intellectuals giving their opinion on the referendum and Britain's place in Europe. All of the letters expressed support for remain.[88] The writers were:

Nobel Prize laureates letter

On 10 June 2016, The Daily Telegraph published a letter signed by 13 winners of the Nobel Prize expressing the view that being part of the EU is good for British science and that is good for Britain.[89]

Nobel Prize in Economics laureates letter

On 19 June 2016, The Guardian published a letter signed by 10 winners of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, expressing the view that the "economic argument" was clearly in favour of continued UK membership within the EU.[90]

Leave

Registered political parties

Parties organised in more than one of the Home Nations:

Parties in England:

Parties in Scotland:

Parties in Northern Ireland:

Politicians

Only politicians who hold positions that differ from the party line or whose party is officially neutral are listed here.

Conservative Party

Within the Conservative Party (which was officially neutral): Five Cabinet members:

At the time the referendum was called, the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions was Iain Duncan Smith, who also supports leave. He subsequently resigned following the 2016 United Kingdom budget.[120] Some suspected his resignation was due to his support for British withdrawal from the EU,[121] [122] but Duncan Smith has denied this, stating that such allegations were a "deliberate attempt to discredit" him.[123]

As well as these ministers, the former Mayor of London Boris Johnson;[124] [125] [126] the Conservative candidate for the 2016 mayoral election, Zac Goldsmith;[127] former leader Michael Howard,[128] former Defence Secretary Liam Fox[129] and the leader of the Welsh Conservative Party Andrew RT Davies[130] campaigned to leave. The party campaign to exit the EU is "Conservatives for Britain" which is headed by two former Chancellors of the Exchequer, Lord Lawson (Nigel Lawson) and Lord Lamont (Norman Lamont).[131]

Many other Conservative MPs announced that they would campaign for Britain to vote to Leave:[35]

Labour Party

Within the Labour Party (which supported Remain): Labour Leave was headed by donor John Mills.

Labour MPs supporting a Leave vote:

Labour MSPs:

Former Labour MPs:

Green Party

Within the Green Party (which supported Remain): the Green Leaves organisation campaigned on behalf of Green Party members who advocated a leave vote.[169] Member of the House of Lords and former London Assembly Member Jenny Jones (Baroness Jones) campaigned to leave.[170] [171]

Liberal Democrats

Within the Liberal Democrats (which supported Remain): the Liberal Leave campaign was headed by former Hereford MP, Paul Keetch.[172]

Scottish National Party

Within the SNP (which supported Remain): former SNP deputy leader and MP Jim Sillars and former SNP leader and MP Gordon Wilson endorsed a leave vote in the referendum.[173] [174] [175] Former Scottish government minister Alex Neil declared that he voted leave and that several of his fellow SNP MSPs did likewise.[176] [177] There were multiple groups for SNP members advocating a leave vote, such as SNP Vote Leave and SNP GO!.[178]

Ulster Unionist Party

Within the UUP (which supported Remain): Harold McKee MLA[179] and former leader Tom Elliott MP[180]

Independent

International figures

Other countries

Newspapers and magazines

Foreign newspapers and magazines

Local government authorities

Organisations

Trade unions

Other organisations

Noted individuals

Officially endorse neither side

Government

Other Crown dependencies

Registered political parties

Businesses

Newspapers and magazines

International figures

Organisations

Notes and References

  1. Web site: EU Referendum – Information from the UK Government. Government of the United Kingdom. 26 May 2016. 19 June 2016. 19 June 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160619214413/https://www.eureferendum.gov.uk/. dead.
  2. News: EU referendum debate: MSPs vote overwhelmingly for UK to remain in EU. 26 May 2016 . 27 May 2016. BBC News.
  3. Web site: Statement by the First Minister of Wales: Moving Wales Forward. 18 May 2016. 27 May 2016. Carwyn. Jones. Carwyn Jones.
  4. Web site: Gibraltar Government to support 'STAY' vote in EU Referendum . . 3 March 2016 . 6 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160306032824/http://www.euroweeklynews.com/3.0.15/news/on-euro-weekly-news/gibraltar-news/137143-gibraltar-government-to-support-%E2%80%98stay%E2%80%99-vote-in-eu-referendum . dead .
  5. News: Jersey and Guernsey governments support UK remaining in EU. ITV.com . 24 May 2016.
  6. News: Why Ireland is so fearful of our closest neighbour leaving the EU. 20 June 2016. 13 February 2018. The Guardian.
  7. Web site: Europe. policy.greenparty.org.uk.
  8. Web site: Patrick . Wintour . Alan Johnson to head Labour Yes campaign for EU referendum . The Guardian. 18 June 2015 . 18 June 2015.
  9. Web site: Another Europe is Possible: Left Unity and the EU Referendum. Left Unity. 8 June 2016.
  10. Web site: Nick Clegg: Pro-Europeans are the real reformers now . Libdems.org.uk . 9 May 2014 . 12 June 2015.
  11. News: Nicola Sturgeon warns of EU exit 'backlash' . BBC News . Bbc.co.uk . 2 June 2015. 12 June 2015.
  12. News: Alex Salmond: I'll campaign with Tories to stay in EU . The Daily Telegraph. 21 May 2015. 27 May 2015. Johnson . Simon .
  13. Web site: » EU Referendum: Greens to Make Progressive Case for Membership. 10 October 2015. Scottish Greens. 8 December 2015. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20151117024353/https://www.scottishgreens.org.uk/uncategorized/eu-referendum-greens-to-make-progressive-case-for-membership/. 17 November 2015.
  14. Web site: The Socialist Case Against Leaving the European Union. Scottish Socialist Party. 15 February 2016.
  15. Web site: Dickson – An EU referendum will threaten jobs and investment in Northern Ireland. 14 May 2015. The Alliance Party of Northern Ireland. 8 December 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151117024840/http://allianceparty.org/article/2015/0009715/dickson-an-eu-referendum-will-threaten-jobs-and-investment-in-northern-ireland. 17 November 2015. dead.
  16. Web site: Alliance expresses concerns over referendum idea. 29 April 2015. The Alliance Party of Northern Ireland. 8 December 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151117030051/http://allianceparty.org/article/2015/0009695/alliance-expresses-concerns-over-referendum-idea. 17 November 2015. dead.
  17. Web site: Green Party in Northern Ireland: Manifesto 2015. Green Party in Northern Ireland. 22 December 2015. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20151118003739/http://www.greenpartyni.org/www/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Westminster2015.pdf. 18 November 2015.
  18. News: Anna Lo has right to aspire to united Ireland but the Alliance member has dragged us back into tribal politics. John. McCallister. 26 March 2014. The Belfast Telegraph. 8 December 2015.
  19. News: Sinn Fein to protect EU membership. 20 April 2015. The Belfast Telegraph. 8 December 2015.
  20. Web site: International Affairs. Social Democratic and Labour Party. 8 December 2015. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20151203135002/http://www.sdlp.ie/issues/international-affairs/. 3 December 2015.
  21. Web site: UUP. Ulster Unionist Party. Statement from the Ulster Unionist Party on EU Referendum. Ulster Unionist Party. 5 March 2016. 6 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160306104017/http://uup.org/news/4155/21/Statement-from-the-Ulster-Unionist-Party#.VtrhT0DJaob/. dead.
  22. Web site: Europe. Plaid Cymru. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160617094046/https://www.partyof.wales/europe-1/. 17 June 2016.
  23. Web site: Feetham urges joint strategies with Govt on key issues – Gibraltar Chronicle . Chronicle.gi . 3 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303052920/http://chronicle.gi/2016/01/feetham-urges-joint-strategies-with-govt-on-key-issues/ . 3 March 2016 . dead .
  24. Web site: Garcia flags constitutional reform and Brexit in New Year message – Gibraltar Chronicle . Chronicle.gi . 3 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303053116/http://chronicle.gi/2016/01/garcia-flags-constitutional-reform-and-brexit-in-new-year-message/ . 3 March 2016 . dead .
  25. Web site: My initial view on the EU referendum. Mebyon Kernow – The Party for Cornwall. mebyonkernow.org. 7 March 2016. 8 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160308101847/https://www.mebyonkernow.org/articles/article.php?id=98. dead.
  26. Web site: Almost 200 top business leaders signed a letter calling for Britain to stay in the EU. Oscar. Williams-Grut. Business Insider.
  27. Web site: Business leaders set out their European stall – The Times. The Times.
  28. News: Sir John Major isn't alone in wanting Britain to stay in the EU no matter what. Asa. Bennett. 16 December 2015. The Telegraph. 17 December 2015.
  29. Web site: Why I will be voting to stay in Europe. William. Hague. 23 December 2015. The Daily Telegraph. 23 December 2015.
  30. Web site: EU referendum: Heseltine warns of Tory 'civil war'. 21 December 2015. BBC News. 21 December 2015.
  31. News: Joe . Murphy . Leaving EU 'would cost London hundreds of millions of pounds' in science funding . London Evening Standard . 24 December 2015 . 24 December 2015.
  32. News: Ken Clarke: Leaving EU would be catastrophic. BBC News. 24 February 2016.
  33. Edwina Currie, John Hilary, Tim Montgomerie, Leanne Wood . 19 April 2016 . Any Questions? . Any Questions? . BBC . Radio 4.
  34. News: EU referendum: Baroness Warsi switches from Leave to Remain. BBC News. 20 June 2016. 20 June 2016.
  35. News: Rowena . Mason . Why this lifelong Eurosceptic is now voting to stay in. . . 24 March 2016.
  36. Web site: Members of the European Parliament. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160518101504/http://www.conservatives.in/meps. 18 May 2016.
  37. Web site: Mayor's own police chief warns him: Quitting EU will place capital in peril. Nicholas. Cecil. 26 February 2016. London Evening Standard. 11 April 2016.
  38. Web site: Stanley Johnson: My son Boris is wrong on Brexit; the EU is good for the environment . Johnson . Stanley . Stanley Johnson (writer). 19 April 2016 . London Evening Standard. 19 June 2016.
  39. News: Boris Johnson 'confuses fact and fiction' – Chris Patten. BBC News. 27 May 2016.
  40. News: Ruth Davidson backs EU with or without reform. The Telegraph.
  41. News: EU referendum debate: MSPs vote overwhelmingly for UK to remain in EU. BBC News. 26 May 2016. BBC.
  42. News: DUP motion on timing of EU referendum defeated. BBC News. 9 February 2016. 26 February 2016.
  43. News: Fedor. Lauren. EU referendum: Lord Mayor Jeffrey Mountevans says Britain is better off in the European Union ahead of controversial City of London Corporation vote. 4 March 2016. City A.M.. 2 March 2016.
  44. European Central Bank . European Central Bank . ecb . 738352994798997504 . 2 June 2016 . Draghi: The ECB has a view that the UK should remain in the EU. Both the UK and the EU benefit. . en . 10 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220126212909/https://twitter.com/ecb/status/738352994798997504 . 26 January 2022 . live.
  45. News: G7 united against Brexit but can only hope for an 'In' vote. Reuters. 25 May 2016.
  46. Web site: G20: Brexit would 'shock' global economy. Sky news. 6 April 2016.
  47. Web site: WTO warns on tortuous Brexit trade talks. Shawn. Donnan. 25 May 2016. Financial Times.
  48. Web site: IMF chief issues impassioned plea for Britain to stay in EU. The Guardian. 14 April 2016. 3 May 2016.
  49. Web site: IMF Warns Of 'Severe Economic Damage' Of Brexit. the Skylines. 12 April 2016.
  50. News: EU referendum: Nato's Jens Stoltenberg on UK EU future. BBC News. 3 April 2016.
  51. News: Elliott. Larry. EU referendum: Brexit bad for UK, Europe and the world, warns OECD. The Guardian. 10 March 2016.
  52. Web site: RSPB and WWF urge backers to vote to stay in EU to protect UK wildlife . The Guardian . June 2016 . 3 June 2016.
  53. Web site: Unite to campaign for the UK to stay in the EU as 'the best hope for workers'. Unite the Union. 14 April 2016. 22 April 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160422010956/http://www.unitetheunion.org/news/unite-to-campaign-for-the-uk-to-stay-in-the-eu-as-the-best-hope-for-workers/. dead.
  54. Web site: van Huët. Bob. Oproep aan de Britten: Please don't leave us. Algemeen Dagblad. 16 June 2016.
  55. Web site: Don't go! Please Stay!. Der Spiegel. 16 June 2016.
  56. Web site: Brexit would lead a crisis-ridden EU toward "uncharted territory". ItalyEurope24 – Il Sole 24 Ore. 18 May 2016. 24 June 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160624091335/http://www.italy24.ilsole24ore.com/art/politics/2016-04-11/brexit-cameron-150301.php?uuid=ACA4AK5C. dead.
  57. News: Stronger together – why Britain is better off in the EU than out. 22 June 2016. 22 June 2016. Irish Independent.
  58. News: Brexit: stay with us!. 23 June 2016. 23 June 2016. Le Soir .
  59. News: Jennifer. Williams. Manchester to lead UK cities in campaign against 'Brexit'. Manchester Evening News. 20 February 2016. 10 March 2016.
  60. Web site: Camden Council passes motion supporting IN campaign ahead of EU referendum – Camden New Journal. 23 June 2016. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160808170442/http://www.camdennewjournal.com/camden-eu. 8 August 2016.
  61. News: Fedor. Lauren. EU referendum: City of London Corporation signs off on campaigning for the UK to remain in the EU. 4 March 2016. City A.M.. 3 March 2016.
  62. Web site: Agenda for Council on Thursday, 21 January 2016, 5:00 pm – Leicester City Council. 21 January 2016.
  63. News: London Assembly Votes to Stay in EU, Defying Mayor Boris Johnson. Eddie. Buckle. Bloomberg.com. 22 February 2016. Bloomberg L.P.. 26 February 2016.
  64. News: MK Council supports staying IN the European Union. Milton Keynes Citizen. 23 March 2016. 31 March 2016.
  65. Web site: Redbridge Council backs EU 'In' vote. Ajay. Nair. 18 March 2016. 24 May 2016. 15 April 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160415201702/http://www.ilfordrecorder.co.uk/news/politics/redbridge_council_backs_eu_in_vote_1_4462200. dead.
  66. Web site: EU referendum: British Trade Unions ready to join fight to stay in Europe. 27 January 2016.
  67. Web site: Health pros publish pro-EU letter in The Times – Healthier in the EU. 4 April 2016. 4 April 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160404142508/http://healthierin.eu/2016/04/health-pros-publish-pro-eu-letter-in-the-times/. 4 April 2016. dead.
  68. News: Brexit would put the NHS at risk, health leaders warn. Katie Gibbons | Michael. Savage. 30 May 2023 . www.thetimes.co.uk.
  69. News: Finnigan . Lexi . Stephen Hawking leads 150 Royal Society scientists against Brexit . 10 March 2016 . . 10 March 2016.
  70. News: Letters to the Editor – More than 150 eminent Cambridge academics explain why leaving the EU would be a disaster for UK science . . 9 March 2016. 11 March 2016 . Mirrored at Web site: More than 150 top scientists explain why leaving the EU would be a disaster . Britain Stronger in Europe . 11 March 2016.
  71. Web site: Universities UK – University leaders highlight vital role of EU in Sunday Times letter. 25 April 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160425180601/http://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/highereducation/Pages/UniversityleadershighlightvitalroleofEUinSundayTimesletter.aspx#.V0CeyfkrKHt. 25 April 2016.
  72. News: Economists warn against Brexit vote. The Times. 24 May 2016.
  73. Web site: The letter: [published in The Times, 11.05.16]].
  74. Web site: 280 economists now against Brexit as UCL and LSE sign. Tony. Yates. 23 May 2016.
  75. Web site: Signatories. 29 February 2016.
  76. Web site: Lessons from history for the Brexiteers Letters from Simon Schama and others and Jack Dromey MP. Letters. 24 May 2016. The Guardian. 25 May 2016.
  77. Web site: Vote to leave EU would 'condemn Britain to irrelevance', say historians. Stewart. Heather. 25 May 2016. The Guardian. 25 May 2016.
  78. News: Spy chiefs say quitting EU is security risk. The Sunday Times. 8 May 2016. 8 May 2016.
  79. News: 'Britain less safe outside EU', says former M15 Chief Eliza Manningham Buller. The Guardian. 11 May 2016. 11 May 2016.
  80. News: Watt. Nicholas. EU exit would make UK a magnet for fugitives, warns former Acpo chief. 23 March 2016. The Guardian.
  81. Web site: Warning Over Crime Risk If UK Leaves EU. Sky News.
  82. News: UK safer inside EU, former defence chiefs say. BBC News. 24 February 2016. 9 June 2016.
  83. Web site: Nigel Farage quotes head of Europol, gets contradicted by head of Europol. LeftFootForward. 17 May 2016. 17 May 2016.
  84. News: 27 February 2016 . UK generals intervene to oppose Brexit . 20 May 2016.
  85. News: Letters: At a time of global instability, Britain needs to stand united with its EU allies. The Telegraph. 10 May 2016.
  86. News: Britain must stay in the EU to protect itself from Isil, former military chiefs say. 23 February 2016. Dominiczak. Peter.
  87. News: Gen Sir Mike Jackson furious with anti-Europe campaign group. Marco. Giannangeli. Daily Express. 20 March 2016.
  88. News: Dear Britain: Elena Ferrante, Slavoj Žižek and other European writers on Brexit. 5 June 2016. The Guardian. 4 June 2016.
  89. News: Letters . . 10 June 2016 . 11 June 2016.
  90. Web site: We Nobel prize-winning economists believe the UK is better off in the EU – Letters. Letters. TheGuardian.com. 19 June 2016. 23 June 2016.
  91. Web site: View registration – The Electoral Commission. Electoral Commission.
  92. Web site: MINISTER BLASTS "RELENTLESS CAMPAIGN OF FEAR' OVER BREXIT" . Britainfirst.org . 3 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160306034101/http://www.britainfirst.org/minister-blasts-relentless-campaign-of-fear-over-brexit/ . 6 March 2016 . dead .
  93. Web site: EU PLOTS MILITARY MERGER IF UK VOTES TO STAY IN . Britain First . 3 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160306033448/http://www.britainfirst.org/eu-plots-military-merger-if-uk-votes-to-stay-in/ . 6 March 2016 . dead .
  94. Web site: Foreign Affairs. BNP.
  95. AN INDEPENDENCE FROM EUROPE YOUTUBE. 19 April 2014. YouTube.
  96. Web site: The EU Debate Is Lost No Matter Who Wins . Liberty GB . 21 February 2016 . 3 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160306145330/http://libertygb.org.uk/news/eu-debate-lost-no-matter-who-wins . 6 March 2016 . dead .
  97. News: Conservative donors prepare to sink £5million into Brexit campaign amid anger about pro-EU leaflet. Christopher. Hope. Peter. Dominiczak. 12 April 2016. The Daily Telegraph. 6 May 2016.
  98. Web site: REFERENDUM 2016 . Libertarian party UK . 17 June 2016 . 10 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180924164716/https://libertarianpartyuk.com/referendum-2016/ . 24 September 2018 . dead .
  99. News: Why British workers need a Brexit. 1 April 2016. CPGB-ML. 27 July 2018.
  100. Web site: Respect to campaign to leave the EU. The Respect Party. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303080320/http://www.respectparty.org/2016/02/22/respect-to-campaign-to-leave-the-european-union/. 3 March 2016.
  101. Web site: Workers' Weekly Internet Edition Year 2016 Volume 46 Number. rcpbml.org.uk. 27 July 2018.
  102. Socialist Labour Party: The EU Referendum
  103. Web site: Tusc Letter in the Guardian Now Sign The Petition . Tusc.org.uk . 22 February 2016 . 2 March 2016 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304173007/https://www.tusc.org.uk/17182/22-02-2016/tusc-letter-in-the-guardian-now-sign-the-petition . 4 March 2016 .
  104. Web site: View registration – The Electoral Commission. search.electoralcommission.org.uk.
  105. Web site: UK Independence Party . UKIP.
  106. Web site: The Justice & Anti-Corruption Party. jacparty.org.uk.
  107. Web site: Workers Revolutionary Party – VOTE LEAVE BRING DOWN CAMERON FORWARD TO SOCIALIST UNITED STATES OF EUROPE!. Party. Workers Revolutionary. wrp.org.uk. 22 June 2016. 27 July 2018.
  108. Web site: 10 Further Reasons to Vote 2 Leave the European Union. englishdemocrats.party. 9 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160310020841/http://englishdemocrats.party/latest-news/10-further-reasons-to-vote-2-leave-the-european-union/. 10 March 2016. dead.
  109. Web site: Scottish Democratic Alliance – Reasons why an independent Scotland should not be a member of the European Union . Scottish Democratic Alliance . 12 May 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160812072346/http://scottishdemocraticalliance.scot/249-reasons-why-an-independent-scotland-should-not-be-a-member-of-the-european-union . 12 August 2016 . dead.
  110. Web site: New Scottish Libertarian Party set to launch and call for independence . The National . 1 December 2015 . 12 May 2016.
  111. Web site: Solidarity Position on EU Fully Explained – SOLIDARITY SCOTLAND . Solidarity Scotland . 12 May 2016 .
  112. Web site: Solidarity Only Standing Left Party for #Lexit . Solidarity Scotland . 12 May 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170330110831/https://solidarity.scot/solidarity-only-standing-left-party-for-lexit/ . 30 March 2017 . dead.
  113. News: EU referendum: DUP gives backing to Ukip Brexit campaign, blasting David Cameron's 'pathetic demands' . Belfast Telegraph . 25 November 2015 . 25 November 2015 . Claire . Cromie.
  114. Web site: DUP to 'recommend vote to leave the EU'. The Newsroom. 20 February 2016. News Letter.
  115. Web site: EU Membership is a Matter for UK Citizens, Not US President . tuv.org.uk.
  116. Web site: PBP. People Before Profit. Lexit: why we need a left exit from the eu. 27 May 2016. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160521033827/http://www.peoplebeforeprofit.ie/2016/05/lexit-why-we-need-a-left-exit-from-eu/. 21 May 2016.
  117. News: Éirígí backs Brexit with Northern Ireland poster campaign. The Irish Times.
  118. Web site: For Irish sovereignty, not servitude. Republican Socialists for Lexit. Irish Republican Socialist Party. 21 June 2016. 27 July 2018.
  119. News: LEXIT: the socialist case for voting 'Leave'. The Workers' Party (Ireland). 27 July 2018.
  120. News: Iain Duncan Smith quits over planned disability benefit changes. BBC News. 18 March 2016. 18 March 2016.
  121. News: Asthana. Anushka. Stewart. Heather. Is Iain Duncan Smith's resignation about disability cuts – or Europe?. 25 March 2016. The Guardian. 18 March 2016.
  122. News: Hutcheon. Paul. IDS: is welfare reform or Europe behind his resignation?. 25 March 2016. The Herald. 20 March 2016.
  123. News: McCann. Kate. Iain Duncan Smith resignation: EU claims are a 'deliberate attempt to discredit me' IDS claims after emotional Andrew Marr interview. 25 March 2016. The Daily Telegraph. 20 March 2016.
  124. Web site: Boris Johnson to campaign for Brexit in EU referendum. The Guardian. 21 February 2016. Nicholas Watt. 27 February 2016.
  125. News: Fragile Tory truce over EU referendum shattered as David Cameron savages Boris Johnson. The Daily Telegraph. 27 February 2016.
  126. News: EU referendum: Time to vote for real change, says Boris Johnson. BBC News. 22 February 2016. 24 February 2016.
  127. News: Tory candidate for London Mayor Zac Goldsmith will vote to leave EU. BBC News. 24 February 2016.
  128. News: EU referendum: Michael Howard hints he will vote for Brexit. Andrew. Sparrow. The Guardian.
  129. News: I'll vote to leave the EU, says former minister Liam Fox. 20 December 2015. BBC News. 21 December 2015.
  130. Web site: Welsh Tory leader Andrew RT Davies on why he wants to leave the EU. David. Williamson. 22 February 2016. walesonline. 24 February 2016.
  131. News: Lawson to head Tory eurosceptic drive. Financial Times . 1 October 2015.
  132. Web site: EU referendum: so far only 11 of 20 Tory MEPs back staying in. Jennifer. Rankin. The Guardian. 8 March 2016.
  133. Web site: Kamall comes out for Leave. Conservative Home. 11 March 2016 .
  134. News: McBride . Sam . EU isn't working on economic grounds: Trimble . . 26 March 2016 . 27 March 2016 . Couching his arguments almost exclusively in economic terms, Lord Trimble – who supports a British withdrawal from the EU – was keen to stress that he is not anti-European. . 29 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160329003413/http://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/northern-ireland-news/eu-isn-t-working-on-economic-grounds-trimble-1-7297563 . dead .
  135. Web site: Lord Tebbit: Britain Must be Rescued from the EU . 23 January 2015 . Get Britain Out . 12 June 2015.
  136. News: After 40 years of being lied to, it's time to leave the EU. Michael. Ancram. The Telegraph. 25 April 2016.
  137. Dobbs . Lord . Lord Dobbs . dobbs_michael . 738645147089567744 . 3 June 2016 . What do we most need? More powerful Brussels bureaucracy? Or stronger British democracy?#Head&Heart #VoteLeave. . en . 10 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221207163800/https://twitter.com/dobbs_michael/status/738645147089567744 . 7 December 2022 . live.
  138. Web site: Revealed: Rodney Leach's verdict on Brexit | The Spectator. Charles. Moore. www.spectator.co.uk. 8 June 2016 .
  139. Web site: Lord Ashcroft: Why I'm for Brexit. Yes, there are risks in leaving. But the risks of Remain are bigger. – Conservative Home. 22 June 2016 . 23 June 2016.
  140. Ashcroft . Lord . Lord Ashcroft . LordAshcroft . 741296903313313792 . 10 June 2016 . David Cameron is offering voters a false choice in the EU referendum. They should reject it via @telegraphnews https://t.co/1FtV8evEFd . en . 10 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221213154517/https://twitter.com/LordAshcroft/status/741296903313313792 . 13 December 2022 . live.
  141. Web site: The Bow Group & Leave.EU Presents: John Redwood's Christmas Fairytale 2015. bowgroup.org. 24 February 2016. 15 February 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160215113720/http://www.bowgroup.org/policy/bow-group-leaveeu-presents-john-redwoods-christmas-fairytale-2015. dead.
  142. News: MSP Margaret Mitchell backs UK leaving the European Union. BBC News. 25 February 2016.
  143. Web site: We Asked 5 New Scottish Tory MSPs Who They Are And If The SNP Is Over – BuzzFeed News . Buzzfeed.com . 14 October 2014 . 12 May 2016.
  144. Web site: Ross . Thomson . Why I will Vote to Leave the EU in June | Ross Thomson MSP . Rossthomson.net . 3 March 2016 . 12 May 2016.
  145. Web site: Anti-EU Campaign Boosted In Scotland As New Tory MSPs Give Their Backing. Jamie. Ross. BuzzFeed. 16 May 2016 .
  146. News: What did MSPs vote in the Holyrood EU debate?. BBC News. 26 May 2016.
  147. https://www.totalpolitics.com/articles/news/brexit's-latest-recruits-norman-lamont-and-esther-mcvey-and-tony-parsons
  148. Web site: Louise Mensch: The EU is over. Ocbazghi. Emmanuel. Kakoyiannis. Alana. 23 February 2016. Business Insider. 23 June 2016.
  149. Web site: Michael Portillo makes a very strong case to vote for BREXIT. 21 January 2016. Daily Globe. 23 June 2016.
  150. Web site: Christian EU Debate: Giles Fraser and Ann Widdecombe unite for Brexit. 5 June 2016. Archbishop Cranmer. 23 June 2016. 8 June 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160608140219/http://archbishopcranmer.com/christian-eu-debate-giles-fraser-and-ann-widdecombe-unite-for-brexit/. dead.
  151. News: Sir Teddy Taylor dead: Eurosceptic former Conservative MP dies aged 80. Cordon. Gavin. The Independent. 21 September 2017. 9 February 2022.
  152. Web site: How will your MP vote in the EU referendum? Find out with our search tool. Dan. Bloom. 21 June 2016. mirror.
  153. News: EU referendum: Labour MP John Mann to vote for Brexit. BBC News . 10 June 2016.
  154. Web site: EU, in or out: John Cryer MP – Wanstead Village Directory. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160620141946/http://wansteadvillagedirectory.com/Features/eu-in-or-out-john-cryer-mp.html. 20 June 2016. 23 June 2016.
  155. Web site: This deal is awful. Labour supporters should vote 'out'. Field. Frank. 19 February 2016. Coffee House. 20 February 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160220145020/http://blogs.spectator.co.uk/2016/02/frank-field-this-deal-is-awful-labour-supporters-should-vote-out/. dead.
  156. Web site: Walker. Jonathan. 17 February 2016. EU referendum: West Midlands is a heartland of the anti-EU campaign. 20 February 2016. Birmingham Post.
  157. Web site: Watt. Nicholas. EU referendum: Kate Hoey gets backing to head no campaign. 12 June 2015. The Guardian. 26 May 2015.
  158. Web site: Labour Leave Half of PM's EU negotiation team accepted "duty of loyalty" to EU. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160330141301/http://labourleave.org/2015/10/15/half-of-pms-eu-negotiation-team-accepted-duty-of-loyalty-to-eu/. 30 March 2016. 24 February 2016. Labour Leave.
  159. 19 February 2016 . Kelvin Hopkins MP: The Socialist Case for Brexit Cambridge Brexit Campaign . Cambridge Brexit Campaign . . 10 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220603040250/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hh_8fKcf970 . 3 June 2022 . live.
  160. News: EU referendum: Labour MP John Mann to vote for Brexit. BBC News. 10 June 2016. 23 June 2016.
  161. Web site: Graham Stringer MP: The EU Makes a Mockery of Workers' Rights. Get Britain Out. 13 February 2015 .
  162. News: Labour MP Gisela Stuart: UK should leave European Union . BBC News.
  163. News: Labour MSP breaks ranks to make 'left-wing' case for Brexit. Aiden. Kerr. STV. 26 May 2016. 27 May 2016.
  164. News: EU Referendum: Debating a case for Brexit from the EU. Sheffield Telegraph. en-GB. 20 April 2021. 0307-1235.
  165. Gould . Bryan . The Left Case for Brexit . 25 April 2016 . 18 March 2022 . en-NZ.
  166. News: EU referendum: Tom Harris to head Scottish Vote Leave campaign. BBC News. 18 March 2016. 19 March 2016.
  167. Web site: Archived copy . 10 June 2016 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160614212515/http://www.labourleave.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/The-Labour-Case-for-Brexit.pdf . 14 June 2016 .
  168. "More of Your Letters on the EU Vote." Bristol Evening Post (England), 2016, pp. 10–11. Access World News, infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=AWNB&docref=news/15DAB7CD8103B078. Accessed 19 April. 2021.
  169. Web site: Home. Greenleaves. 20 September 2020. 21 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200921190855/https://www.green-leaves.info/. dead.
  170. Web site: European Referendum: Vote Leave Campaign Launched, Bankrolled By Three of Britain's Biggest Political Donors. The Huffington Post UK. 9 October 2015.
  171. Web site: Something rotten in the state of Europe. 13 July 2015. The Ecologist.
  172. News: Think that if you are liberal you should vote to stay in the EU? Think again. Paul. Keetch. 7 March 2016. The Independent.
  173. Web site: SNP stalwart Jim Sillars will campaign to leave Europe and says lots of nationalists agree with him. Record. 21 January 2016. dailyrecord.
  174. Web site: Jim Sillars: Capital calls the tune in EU – that's why we should go. thenational.scot. 19 April 2016 .
  175. Web site: Jim Sillars: Nationalists must vote to leave EU if Scotland is to become truly sovereign. The Herald. 2 March 2016 . Glasgow.
  176. Web site: Alex Neil: I voted for Brexit and I was not the only SNP MSP who backed leave. The Herald. 4 November 2016 . Glasgow.
  177. News: SNP ex-minister Alex Neil voted for Brexit. BBC News. 4 November 2016. bbc.com.
  178. Web site: New blow for Sturgeon's fight to stay in EU as SNP activists launch new Out drive. 31 May 2016. 23 June 2016.
  179. NI Vote Leave . NIVote_Leave . 739128591053664256 . 4 June 2016 . Thanks to Harold McKee MLA, @ccmccuup, @alexredpath1989, Cllr Dudgeon et al joining .@DanHannanMEP at final NI event https://t.co/gKS83suks4 . en . 10 February 2023.
  180. Alex.Kane . AlexKane221b . 743114176319631361 . 15 June 2016 . Tom Elliott has become the 2nd former leader of the UUP (Trimble is the other) to say he'll be voting Leave next week. . en . 10 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220615164107/https://twitter.com/AlexKane221b/status/743114176319631361 . 15 June 2022 . live.
  181. News: Leaving the EU could 're-energise' Britain, says David Owen. 26 February 2016. The Guardian. Press Association. 24 February 2016.
  182. News: I am strongly pro Europe and I was an MEP but now I back Brexit. 2 March 2016. The Newsletter. 2 March 2016.
  183. 3 February 2016 . 'Cameron hawking around EU disgraceful' . . . 10 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220527231245/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SmmNKeoShc . 27 May 2022 . live.
  184. 9 March 2016 . 'EU ref is conspiracy of Bankers vs Brits' – Lord Stoddart . . . 10 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220526161145/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cb0qtyLaXGA . 26 May 2022 . live.
  185. Why Britons should vote to Leave the EU. National Review.
  186. Web site: Bromley council votes to leave European Union. Bromley Times. 23 February 2016. Tom. Pyman.
  187. Web site: Pippa . Crerar . Havering council becomes first in Britain to back leaving EU . London Evening Standard . 28 January 2016 . 19 February 2016.
  188. News: Stefan. Pidluznyj. Passionate debate rages as Lincolnshire councillors broadly back leaving EU. 28 March 2016. The Lincolnite. 19 February 2016.
  189. News: Economic Voice Staff. Portsmouth first City to vote to Leave the EU. 24 March 2016. The Economic Voice. 23 March 2016.
  190. http://www.ukip.org/thurrock_council_votes_in_favour_of_leaving_the_eu "Thurrock Council votes in favour of leaving the EU"
  191. Web site: We'll vote to leave to save Britain's rail. Morningstaronline.co.uk. 3 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304103320/http://morningstaronline.co.uk/a-4ae9-Well-vote-to-leave-to-save-Britains-rail. 4 March 2016. dead.
  192. News: Pro-Brexit Bakers' Union will consider backing Grassroots Out. International Business Times.
  193. Web site: Oldest UK Indian diaspora body announces support for 'Lexit'. 23 May 2016.
  194. Web site: TRANSPORT UNION TO CAMPAIGN FOR EXIT FROM "PRO-AUSTERITY" EU. RMT.
  195. News: Nipsa publishes campaign leaflet backing an EU exit. Irish News. 13 June 2016. 16 June 2016.
  196. Web site: Bangladeshi curry house bosses call voters Brexit save thousands restaurants closing. Admin. 12 January 2017. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20161114003001/http://www.bca1960.com/index.php/bca-news-mobile/377-who-will-cook-your-indian-curry-by-nick-robinson-presenter,-today-program,-bbc-2.html. 14 November 2016.
  197. Web site: View registration – The Electoral Commission. search.electoralcommission.org.uk.
  198. Web site: View registration – The Electoral Commission. search.electoralcommission.org.uk.
  199. Web site: CFMO . Let the EU referendum be an apology to the Commonwealth . https://web.archive.org/web/20160531193148/http://www.cfmo.org/2016/04/let-eu-referendum-be-apology-to.html . 31 May 2016 .
  200. Second Interim Report . Council of Ministers, Isle of Man . June 2016 . 1 . 7 January 2019 . As I have already stated, the Isle of Man Government has not taken a policy position on the referendum, as it is a matter for the people of the UK to decide.
  201. News: Hope . Christopher . Conservative Party to stay neutral during EU referendum . The Daily Telegraph . 21 September 2015 . 21 February 2016.
  202. News: The Monster Raving Loony Party manifesto run down. https://web.archive.org/web/20141028035921/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newsvideo/uk-politics-video/11186253/The-Monster-Raving-Loony-Party-manifesto-run-down.html. dead. 28 October 2014. 27 October 2014. 10 March 2016. Julian. Simmons. The Daily Telegraph.
  203. Web site: Socialist Equality Party (UK) . For an active boycott of the Brexit referendum! . World Socialist Web Site . 29 February 2016 . 1 March 2016.
  204. Web site: Staff writer . WE propose a Women's Bill of Rights . womensequality.org.uk . . 8 March 2016 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160320165738/http://www.womensequality.org.uk/we_propose_a_women_s_bill_of_rights . 20 March 2016 .
  205. News: Mayer . Catherine . Whether we leave or stay in the EU, a Women's Bill of Rights is long overdue . . . 8 March 2016 .
  206. Web site: Top firms back pro-EU letter, but supermarkets refuse to sign . The Daily Telegraph . 23 February 2016 . 27 February 2016.
  207. News: South West Trains employee suspended over 'vote out' sign. BBC News. 1 June 2016. 12 January 2017. bbc.co.uk.
  208. News: This is your chance to shape the nation's future. 7 June 2016. 20 June 2016.
  209. News: YP Comment: EU decision day: Trust your instincts. 23 June 2016. 23 June 2016. Yorkshire Post.
  210. News: Payne. Sebastian. Ted Cruz is no help to the Brexit campaign. 29 April 2016. Financial Times. 27 April 2016.
  211. News: Cruz. Ted. Britain will be at the front of the queue for a US trade deal. 29 April 2016. The Times (London). 27 April 2016.
  212. News: Libertarian Gary Johnson: Jeb Bush and anti-Trump Republicans will vote for me . 11 June 2016 . Ben . Jacobs . The Guardian.
  213. Russian Embassy, UK . RussianEmbassy . 744115248639123456 . 18 June 2016 . Putin: #Brexit or #Remain – is up to British people to decide. Russia will respect any outcome. https://t.co/DDF1HpppWA . en . 10 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220228200716/https://twitter.com/RussianEmbassy/status/744115248639123456 . 28 February 2022 . live.
  214. News: Ryan Previews Upcoming Town Hall with Millennials U.S. Congressman Paul Ryan. 29 April 2016. paulryan.house.gov. 25 April 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160504044214/http://paulryan.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=398494. 4 May 2016. dead.
  215. Web site: EU Referendum: The plan. 38 Degrees. 19 March 2016.
  216. Web site: Message about Open Europe's stance in the upcoming EU referendum. us9.campaign-archive.com. 5 August 2018.
  217. News: New Commonwealth chief says 'don't pit us against EU' in Brexit debate. Reuters Canada. 4 April 2016.