Endogonales Explained

Endogonales is an order of fungi within the phylum of Zygomycota,[1] and in class Endogonomycetes.[2] [3]

It contains 2 families; Endogonaceae, with 6 genera and 38 species and Densosporaceae, with one genera and 4 species.[2]

History

The Endogales were originally formed to hold a single family, the Endogonaceae, which comprised 15 species in four genera (Endogone, Peridiospora, Sclerogone, and Youngiomyces). They were transferred to the phylum Glomeromycota to Zygomycetes.[4] Then they were placed in Zygomycotina.[5] They were placed in the subphylum Mucoromycotina in 2017 and genus Youngiomyces was synonymized with genus Endogone.[6] They were then placed in the monotypic class Endogonomycetes.[3]

Genera

Endogonaceae ;[7]

Densosporaceae ;[8]

Note; genus Jimwhitea was placed in the Endogonaceae family, but holds only fossils reported from the Middle Triassic formations. So is placed in Ascomycota genera Incertae sedis.[2]

Life cycle

The life cycle of the Endogonales is distinguished by their production of small sporocarps containing many zygospores, which are eaten by rodents and distributed by their faeces.

They also produce a fetid odour that attracts mammals and encourages them to eat their fruiting bodies, and so spread their spores.

Food

Like all fungi, they are heterotrophs with some being described as saprobes (with weak evidence).[9]

Notes and References

  1. Book: Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA . Dictionary of the Fungi. . 10th . CABI . Wallingford . 2008. 233. 978-0-85199-826-8.
  2. 6 . Wijayawardene . Nalin . Hyde . Kevin . Laith Khalil Tawfeeq . Al-Ani . Somayeh . Dolatabadi . Stadler . Marc . Haelewaters . Danny . Tsurykau . Andrei . Mesic . Armin . Navathe . Sudhir . Papp . Viktor . Oliveira Fiuza . Patrícia . Vázquez . Víctor . Gautam . Ajay . Becerra . Alejandra G. . Ekanayaka . Anusha . K. C. . Rajeshkumar . Bezerra . Jadson . Matočec . Neven . Maharachchikumbura . Sajeewa . Suetrong . Satinee . 2020 . Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa . Mycosphere . 11 . 1060–1456 . 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 . free. 10481/61998 . free .
  3. Doweld . A.B. . Nomenclatural novelties: Endogonomycetes cl. nov. . Index fungorum . 2014 . 57 . 1.
  4. Book: Voigt . K. . Kirk . P.M. . Batt . Carl A. . Tortorello . Mary Lou . Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology . 2014 . Academic Press . 978-0-12-384733-1 . 2nd . FUNGI Classification of Zygomycetes.
  5. Yao . Y.J. . Pegler . D.N. . Young . T.W.K. . Youngiomyces, a new genus in Endogonales (Zygomycotina). . Kew Bulletin . 1995 . 50 . 349–357..
  6. Desirò . Alessandro . Rimington . William R. . Jacob . Alison . Pol . Natalie Vande . Smith . Matthew E. . Trappe . James M. . Bidartondo . Martin I. . Bonito . Gregory . Multigene phylogeny of Endogonales, an early diverging lineage of fungi associated with plants . IMA Fungus . December 2017 . 8 . 2 . 245–257. . 10.5598/imafungus.2017.08.02.03 . 29242774. free . 10044/1/55563 . free .
  7. Web site: Family Names . www.speciesfungorum.org . 5 October 2022.
  8. Web site: Family Names . www.speciesfungorum.org . 5 October 2022.
  9. C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th ed. (John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004)

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