Imre Széchényi Explained

Honorific Prefix:	Count
Imre Széchényi
Office:	Austro-Hungarian Ambassador to the German Empire
Term Start:	27 December 1878
Term End:	10 October 1892
Chancellor:	Otto von Bismarck
Predecessor:	Alajos Károlyi
Successor:	Ladislaus von Szögyény-Marich
Office1:	Austro-Hungarian Ambassador to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Term Start1:	31 March 1860
Term End1:	19 July 1864
Predecessor1:	Anton Stephan von Martini
Successor1:	Dissolution of the embassy
Birth Name:	Emmerich Széchényi von Sárvár und Felsővidék
Birth Place:	Vienna, Austria
Death Place:	Budapest, Hungary
Parents:	Lajos Széchényi Francisca von Wurmbrand-Stuppach
Children:	4, including László
Relations:	Ferenc Széchényi (grandfather) István Széchenyi (uncle)

Count Emmerich "Imre" Széchényi of Sárvár-Felsővidék (15 February 1825 – 11 March 1898), was a Hungarian nobleman and landowner, and Austro-Hungarian diplomat and politician. He was Austrian ambassador in Berlin during the government of Bismarck. He signed for the Austrian emperor Bismarck's Alliance of the Three Emperors 1873, and represented Austria at the Berlin Conference on the Congo 1884.^[1]

Early life

Széchényi was born on 15 February 1825 in Vienna into a prominent Hungarian noble family. He was the son of Count Ludwig "Lajos" Maria Aloys Széchenyi (1781–1855) and, his second wife, Austrian Countess Francisca (née von Wurmbrand-Stuppach) Széchenyi (1797–1873).^[2] The Széchényi family were one of the oldest and wealthiest in the Austro-Hungarian Empire.^[3]

His maternal grandparents were Count Heinrich von Wurmbrand-Stuppach and Baroness Josefa von Ledebur-Wicheln.^{[4] [5]} His father was the eldest son of Countess Julia Festetics de Tolna and Count Ferenc Széchényi, founder of the Hungarian National Library (today named the National Széchényi Library) and the National Museum in Budapest.^[6]

His paternal uncle was Count István Széchenyi,^[7] the Hungarian Minister of Public Works and Transport who is widely considered to be one of the greatest statesmen in Hungarian history.^[8]

Széchényi received a private education and studied from 1838 to 1843 at the Imperial and Royal Law Academy in Pressburg (now Bratislava).

Career

With the help of his father's connections, he entered the diplomatic service of the Austrian Empire in 1844, serving until 1848 as an Imperial Attaché at the Austrian Embassy to the Holy See in Rome from 1848 to 1860. He was then Legation Secretary, with the rank of Chargé d'Affaires, at the Swedish Court in Stockholm from 1848 to 1850. From 1850 to 1852, he served at the German Bundestag in Frankfurt am Main, then at the Belgian Court in Brussels from 1852 to 1854. He served as the Russian Court in St. Petersburg from 1854 to 1860. While in Stockholm and St. Petersburg, Széchényi also temporarily served as head of mission and while in Frankfurt and St. Petersburg, he often met with Otto von Bismarck.

Under Foreign Minister Bernhard von Rechberg, Széchényi was appointed Imperial Ambassador and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Royal Sicilian Court in Naples in March 1860. The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was already in the process of dissolution at that time. Széchényi followed King Francis II first to the fortress of Gaeta, then into exile in Rome; in 1864 he was recalled and placed into temporary retirement.

As a member of the Old Conservative Party, he became a member of the Hungarian Reichstag in 1865, and from 1869 a member of the House of Magnates (the upper chamber of the Diet of Hungary). Under Foreign Minister Gyula Andrássy, he was again called to the diplomatic service of the dual monarchy, which had been reconstituted by the Compromise in 1867, and in 1878 was appointed Imperial and Royal Ambassador to the German Empire. He held this post until 10 October 1892, when he retired to his estates in Horpács, Hungary.

Composer

In his private life, Széchényi was also a cultivated amateur composer of Lieder and dance music, a friend of Franz Liszt, Johann Strauss II, Émile Waldteufel etc. A collection of Széchényi's songs by Katharina Ruckgaber (soprano), Jochen Kupfer (baritone), (csakan), and Helmut Deutsch (piano) was released on Audimax in 2017. A collection of his polkas and mazurkas for orchestra, played by the Budapest Symphony Orchestra conducted by Valéria Csányi, was released on Naxos in 2017.^[2]

Personal life

In 1865, he married Maria Alexandra von Sztáray-Szirmay (1843–1914), a daughter of Ferdinánd Sztáray de Sztára et Nagymihály and Matilda Klobusiczky.^[9] Together, they were the parents of four sons:

• Count Dionys Széchenyi (1866–1934), the Austro-Hungarian Minister to France and Denmark;^[10] he married Countess Emilie de Caraman et Chimay,^[11] a daughter of Eugène Auguste de Riquet, Prince de Caraman-Chimay (son of Joseph de Riquet de Caraman, 17th Prince de Chimay). Her sister, Hélène, was married to John Francis Charles, 7th Count de Salis-Soglio.^[12]
• Count Peter Széchenyi (1870–1924), who married Maria Ilona Esterházy de Galántha, a daughter of Moric Esterházy de Galántha and Pauline von Stockau, in 1904.^[13] Her sister, Mária Franziska, married Count Paul Pálffy ab Erdöd and Prince Béla Odescalchi.^{[14] [15]}
• Count István Széchenyi (1873–1963)^[16]
• Count László Széchenyi (1879–1938),^[17] the Hungarian Minister to the United States and United Kingdom who married American heiress Gladys Vanderbilt, the youngest child of Alice Claypoole Gwynne and Cornelius Vanderbilt II, president of the New York Central Railroad, in 1908.^{[18] [19] [20] [21]}

Count Széchényi died in Budapest on 11 March 1898.

Honors

• 1852: Chamberlain
• 1867: Privy Council
• 1882: Grand Cross of the Austrian Order of Leopold
• 1889: Order of the Black Eagle^{[22] [23]}
• 1889: Grand Cross of the Imperial and Royal Order of Saint Stephen
• 1892: Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece^[24]

Notes and References

1. Bascom Barry Hayes. Bismarck and Mitteleuropa (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1994). p. 374: "Bismarck used the Norddeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung on 20 March 1883 to express his views, which the Austrian ambassador, Count Imre Szechenyi (1825–98), reported to Vienna.".
2. Web site: Grand Piano Records- The Széchényi family – A Hungarian Dynasty . grandpianorecords.com . 5 August 2024.
3. Web site: Catalogue The Catalogue Széchényi, Count László The de Laszlo Archive Trust . 2024-02-15 . www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com.
4. Book: Jährliches genealogisches Handbuch: In welchem der gegenwärtige Zustand von allen Häusern jetztregierender Europäischer Kayer und Könige ... Aus denen neuesten Nachrichten zu finden . 1800 . Gleditsch . 97 . 5 August 2024 . de.
5. Book: Allgemeines genealogisches und Staats-Handbuch . 1811 . Wenner . 909 . 5 August 2024 . de.
6. Web site: Hungarian National Museum . . 2010-01-21.
7. News: Death of Count Szechenyi. . 5 August 2024 . . 30 April 1860.
8. Web site: István, Count Széchenyi Hungarian statesman, philanthropist, reformer . www.britannica.com . . 5 August 2024 . en.
9. Book: Gothaisches genealogisches Taschenbuch der gräflichen Häuser . 1917 . Justus Perthes. . 949 . 5 August 2024 . de.
10. News: Times . by the New York Times Company Special Cable To the New York . DIONYS SZECHENYI FLEES TO DENMARK; Brother-in-Law of Former Miss Vanderbilt Says "Red Guard" Took Away His Fortune. . 5 August 2024 . . 8 April 1919.
11. Book: Almanach de Gotha: annuaire généalogique, diplomatique et statistique . 1913 . J. Perthes . 491 . 5 August 2024 . fr.
12. Book: Annuaire général heraldique pour 1904 . 1904 . 756 . 5 August 2024 . fr.
13. Book: Gothaisches genealogisches Taschenbuch der gräflichen Häuser . 1908 . Justus Perthes. . 265 . 5 August 2024 . de.
14. Book: Authier . Michel . Etat de la noblesse française subsistante ... . 1973 . J. Dell'Acquo . 978-2-85907-030-4 . 152 . 5 August 2024 . fr.
15. News: In The Courts of Europe . 8 March 2022 . . 5 August 1907 . 2.
16. Web site: MAGYAR FŐNEMESSÉGI ADATTÁR . macse.hu . 5 August 2024.
17. News: COUNT SZECHENVI, EX-ENVOY, IS DEAD; Husband of the Former Gladys Vanderbilt Was Hungarian Minister to U. S. SERVED HERE 12 YEARS Transferred to London Post in 1933--Aided Austria on Ethiopian Mission Ancestors Fought for Hungary On Mission to Abyssinia Envoy to Washington . 5 August 2024 . . 6 July 1938.
18. Book: Vanderbilt, Arthur T. II . Fortune's Children: The Fall of the House of Vanderbilt . registration . 1989 . Morrow . New York . 0-688-07279-8.
19. News: THE HOUSE OF SZECHENYI IN MAGYAR ANNALS. Long and Illustrious Record of the Ancient Hungarian Family Into Which Miss Gladys Vanderbilt will be Married To-morrow. . 25 October 2019 . . January 26, 1908.
20. News: MISS VANDERBILT NOW A COUNTESS She Becomes the Bride of Count Laszlo Szechnyi, Chamberlain to Austrian Emperor CEREMONY A SIMPLE ONE Bridal Pair Elude Camera Squad and Make Their Escape in a Speeding Motor Car . 25 October 2019 . . January 28, 1908.
21. Book: Newportraits. Newport Art Museum (R.I.). 2000. University Press of New England. 978-1-58465-018-8. 177. 2014-10-24.
22. Hermann Hengst: The Knights of the Order of the Black Eagle. Verlag Alexander Duncker, Berlin 1901, p. 340.
23. Book: Matikkala . Antti . The Orders of Knighthood and the Formation of the British Honours System, 1660-1760 . 2008 . Boydell & Brewer Ltd . 978-1-84383-423-6 . 247 . 5 August 2024 . en.
24. Book: Széchényi of Sárvár and Felsővidék, Imre Gf.. Österreichisches biographisches Lexikon, 1815-1950 . 2015 . Verl. der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften . . 978-3-7001-7794-4 . 130 . 5 August 2024.