Elythranthera emarginata explained

Elythranthera emarginata, commonly known as the pink enamel orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single flattened, hairy leaf and up to four glossy pink flowers. It is similar to Caladenia brunonis but is usually a shorter plant but with larger, pink flowers.

Description

Elythranthera emarginata is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, sympodial herb with a few inconspicuous, fine roots and a tuber partly surrounded by a fibrous, multi-layered protective sheath and often forms colonies. It has a single flattened, dark green, hairy leaf, NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 long and about 7sigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 wide with a reddish base. Up to four glossy pink flowers NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 long and wide are borne on a spike NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 tall. The sepals and petals spread apart from each other and are blotched with red or purple on their backs. The dorsal sepal is erect, NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 long and NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 wide. The lateral sepals have similar dimensions to the dorsal sepal and the petals are NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 long and NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 wide. The labellum is membranous, NaNsigfig=2NaNsigfig=2 long, about 1.5sigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 wide and whitish with its tip twisted into an S-shape. At the base of the labellum there are two fleshy, dark purple, club-shaped parallel calli NaNsigfig=1NaNsigfig=1 long. Flowering occurs from October to December.[1] [2] [3]

Taxonomy and naming

The pink enamel orchid was first formally described in 1839 by John Lindley who gave it the name Glossodia emarginata in A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony.[4] [5] In 1963, Alex George transferred the species to Eythranthera as E. emarginata.[6] The specific epithet (emarginata) is a Latin word meaning "notched at the apex"[7] referring to the two labellum calli.

Elythranthera emarginata is regarded as a synonym of the name Caladenia emarginata which is accepted by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.[8]

Distribution and habitat

Elythranthera emarginata is found as far north as Jurien Bay and as far east as Ravensthorpe, often forming colonies or clumps in swamps, near creeks and in dense heath.

Conservation

Elythranthera emarginata is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.

Notes and References

  1. Book: Jones. David L.. A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. 2006. New Holland. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.. 1877069124. 31–32.
  2. Book: Brown. Andrew. Dundas. Pat. Dixon. Kingsley. Hopper. Stephen. Orchids of Western Australia. 2008. University of Western Australia Press. Crawley, Western Australia. 9780980296457. 244–245.
  3. Book: Hoffman. Noel. Brown. Andrew. Orchids of South-West Australia. 2011. Noel Hoffman. Gooseberry Hill. 9780646562322. 209. 3rd.
  4. Web site: Glossodia emarginata. APNI. 16 April 2017.
  5. Book: Lindley. John. A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony. 1840. James Ridgway. London. 50–51. 16 April 2017.
  6. Web site: Elythranthera emarginata. APNI. 16 April 2017.
  7. Book: Brown. Roland Wilbur. The Composition of Scientific Words. 1956. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C.. 562.
  8. Web site: Elythranthera emarginata. Kew. 16 April 2017.