Elsevier Explained

Elsevier
Type:Subsidiary
Industry:Publishing
Location City:Amsterdam, Netherlands
Key People:Kumsal Bayazit, Chief Executive Officer
Revenue:£2.909 billion (2022)[1]
Operating Income:£1.078 billion (2022)
Net Income:£2.021 billion (2022)[2]
Num Employees:8,700[3]
Parent:RELX

Elsevier (in Dutch; Flemish ˈɛlzəviːr/) is a Dutch academic publishing company specializing in scientific, technical, and medical content. Its products include journals such as The Lancet, Cell, the ScienceDirect collection of electronic journals, Trends, the Current Opinion series, the online citation database Scopus, the SciVal tool for measuring research performance, the ClinicalKey search engine for clinicians, and the ClinicalPath evidence-based cancer care service. Elsevier's products and services include digital tools for data management, instruction, research analytics, and assessment.[4] [5] Elsevier is part of the RELX Group, known until 2015 as Reed Elsevier, a publicly traded company. According to RELX reports, in 2022 Elsevier published more than 600,000 articles annually in over 2,800 journals; as of 2018 its archives contained over 17 million documents and 40,000 e-books, with over one billion annual downloads.[6]

Researchers have criticized Elsevier for its high profit margins and copyright practices.[7] [8] The company had a reported profit before tax of £2,295 billion with an adjusted operating margin of 33.1% in 2023.[9] Much of the research that Elsevier publishes is publicly funded; its high costs have led to accusations of rent-seeking,[10] boycotts, and the rise of alternate avenues for publication and access, such as preprint servers and shadow libraries.[11] [12]

History

Elsevier was founded in 1880 and adopted the name and logo from the Dutch publishing house Elzevir that was an inspiration but has no connection to the contemporary Elsevier. The Elzevir family operated as booksellers and publishers in the Netherlands; the founder, Lodewijk Elzevir (1542–1617), lived in Leiden and established that business in 1580. As a company logo, Elsevier used the Elzevir family's printer's mark, a tree entwined with a vine and the words Non Solus, which is Latin for "not alone". According to Elsevier, this logo represents "the symbiotic relationship between publisher and scholar".[13]

The expansion of Elsevier in the scientific field after 1945 was funded with the profits of the newsweekly Elsevier, which published its first issue on 27 October 1945. The weekly was an instant success and very profitable.[14] The weekly was a continuation, as is stated in its first issue, of the monthly Elsevier, which was founded in 1891 to promote the name of the publishing house and had to stop publication in December 1940 because of the German occupation of the Netherlands.

In May 1939 Klautz established the Elsevier Publishing Company Ltd. in London to distribute these academic titles in the British Commonwealth (except Canada). When the Nazis occupied the Netherlands for the duration of five years from May 1940, he had just founded a second international office, the Elsevier Publishing Company Inc. in New York.[15]

In 1947, Elsevier began publishing its first English-language journal, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta.[16]

In 1971 the firm acquired Excerpta Medica,a small medical abstract publisher based in Amsterdam. As the first and only company in the world that employed a database for the production of journals, it introduced computer technology to Elsevier.[17] In 1978 Elsevier merged with Dutch newspaper publisher NDU, and devised a strategy to broadcast textual news to people's television sets through Viewdata and Teletext technology.[18]

In 1979 Elsevier Science Publishers launched the Article Delivery Over Network Information System (ADONIS) project in conjunction with four business partners. The project aims to find a way to deliver scientific articles to libraries electronically, and would continue for over a decade.[19] In 1991, in conjunction with nine American universities, Elsevier's The University Licensing Project (TULIP) was the first step in creating published, copyrighted material available over the Internet. It formed the basis for ScienceDirect, launched six years later.[20] [21] In 1997, after almost two decades of experiments, ScienceDirect was launched as the first online repository of electronic (scientific) books and articles. Though librarians and researchers were initially hesitant regarding the new technology, more and more of them switched to e-only subscriptions.[22] [23]

In 2004 Elsevier launched Scopus - a multidisciplinary metadata database of scholarly publications, only the second of such kind (after the Web of Science, although free Google Scholar was also launched in 2004). Scopus covers journals, some conference papers and books from various publishers, and measures performance on both author and publication levels.[24] In 2009 SciVal Spotlight was released. This tool enabled research administrators to measure their institution's relative standing in terms of productivity, grants, and publications .[25] [26]

In 2013, Elsevier acquired Mendeley, a UK company making software for managing and sharing research papers. Mendeley, previously an open platform for sharing of research, was greatly criticized for the sale, which users saw as acceding to the "paywall" approach to research literature. Mendeley's previously open-sharing system now allows exchange of paywalled resources only within private groups.[27] The New Yorker described Elsevier's reasons for buying Mendeley as two-fold: to acquire its user data, and to "destroy or coöpt an open-science icon that threatens its business model".[28]

Company statistics

, researchers submitted over 1.8 million research papers to Elsevier-based publications. Over 20,000 editors managed the peer review and selection of these papers, resulting in the publication of more than 470,000 articles in over 2,500 journals. Editors are generally unpaid volunteers who perform their duties alongside a full-time job in academic institutions,[29] although exceptions have been reported. In 2013, the five editorial groups Elsevier, Springer, Wiley-Blackwell, Taylor & Francis, and SAGE Publications published more than half of all academic papers in the peer-reviewed literature.[30] [31] At that time, Elsevier accounted for 16% of the world market in science, technology, and medical publishing.[32] In 2019, Elsevier accounted for the review, editing and dissemination of 18% of the world's scientific articles.[33] About 45% of revenue by geography in 2019 derived from North America, 24% from Europe, and the remaining 31% from the rest of the world. Around 84% of revenue by format came from electronic usage and 16% came from print.[34]

The firm employs 8,100 people. The CEO is Kumsal Bayazit, who was appointed on 15 February 2019.[35] In 2018, it reported a mean 2017 gender pay gap of 29.1% for its UK workforce, while the median was 40.4%, the highest yet reported by a publisher in UK. Elsevier attributed the result to the under-representation of women in its senior ranks and the prevalence of men in its technical workforce.[36] The UK workforce consists of 1,200 people in the UK, and represents 16% of Elsevier's global employee population. Elsevier's parent company, RELX, has a global workforce that is 51% female to 49% male, with 43% female and 57% male managers, and 29% female and 71% male senior operational managers.[37]

In 2018, Elsevier accounted for 34% of the revenues of RELX group (£2.538 billion of £7.492 billion). In operating profits, it represented 40% (£942 million of £2,346 million). Adjusted operating profits (with constant currency) rose by 2% from 2017 to 2018. Profits grew further from 2018 to 2019, to a total of £982 million.[38] the first half of 2019, RELX reported the first slowdown in revenue growth for Elsevier in several years: 1% vs. an expectation of 2% and a typical growth of at least 4% in the previous 5 years.[39] Overall for 2019, Elsevier reported revenue growth of 3.9% from 2018, with the underlying growth at constant currency at 2%.[40] In 2019, Elsevier accounted for 34% of the revenues of RELX (£2.637billion of £7.874billion). In adjusted operating profits, it represented 39% (£982m of £2.491bn). Adjusted operating profits (with constant currency) rose by 2% from 2018 to 2019.

In 2019, researchers submitted over two million research papers to Elsevier-based publications. Over 22,000 editors managed the peer review and selection of these papers, resulting in the publication of about 500,000 articles in over 2,500 journals.

In 2020 Elsevier was the largest academic publisher, with approximately 16% of the academic publishing market and more than 3000 journals.[41]

Market model

Products and services

Products and services include electronic and print versions of journals, textbooks and reference works, and cover the health, life, physical, and social sciences.

The target markets are academic and government research institutions, corporate research labs, booksellers, librarians, scientific researchers, authors, editors, physicians, nurses, allied health professionals, medical and nursing students and schools, medical researchers, pharmaceutical companies, hospitals, and research establishments. It publishes in 13 languages including English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Japanese, Hindi, and Chinese.

Flagship products and services include VirtualE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Scirus, EMBASE, Engineering Village, Compendex, Cell, Knovel, SciVal, Pure, and Analytical Services, The Consult series (FirstCONSULT, PathCONSULT, NursingCONSULT, MDConsult, StudentCONSULT), Virtual Clinical Excursions, and major reference works such as Gray's Anatomy, Nelson Pediatrics, Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy, and online versions of many journals[42] including The Lancet.

ScienceDirect is Elsevier's platform for online electronic access to its journals and over 40,000 e-books, reference works, book series, and handbooks. The articles are grouped in four main sections: Physical Sciences and Engineering, Life Sciences, Health Sciences, and Social Sciences and Humanities. For most articles on the website, abstracts are freely available; access to the full text of the article (in PDF, and also HTML for newer publications) often requires a subscription or pay-per-view purchase.

In 2019, Elsevier published 49,000 free open access articles and 370 full open access journals. Moreover, 1,900 of its journals sold hybrid open access options.

Pricing

The subscription rates charged by the company for its journals have been criticized; some very large journals (with more than 5,000 articles) charge subscription prices as high as £9,634, far above average,[43] and many British universities pay more than a million pounds to Elsevier annually.[44] The company has been criticized not only by advocates of a switch to the open-access publication model, but also by universities whose library budgets make it difficult for them to afford current journal prices.

For example, in 2004, a resolution by Stanford University's senate singled out Elsevier's journals as being "disproportionately expensive compared to their educational and research value", which librarians should consider dropping, and encouraged its faculty "not to contribute articles or editorial or review efforts to publishers and journals that engage in exploitive or exorbitant pricing".[45] Similar guidelines and criticism of Elsevier's pricing policies have been passed by the University of California, Harvard University, and Duke University.[46]

In July 2015, the Association of Universities in the Netherlands threatened to boycott Elsevier, which refused to negotiate on any open access policy for Dutch universities.[47] After a year of negotiation, Elsevier pledged to make 30% of research published by Dutch researchers in Elsevier journals open access by 2018.[48]

In October 2018, a complaint against Elsevier was filed with the European Commission, alleging anticompetitive practices stemming from Elsevier's confidential subscription agreements and market dominance. The European Commission decided not to investigate.[49] [50]

The elevated pricing of field journals in economics, most of which are published by Elsevier, was one of the motivations that moved the American Economic Association to launch the American Economic Journal in 2009.[51]

Mergers and acquisitions

RELX Group has been active in mergers and acquisitions. Elsevier has incorporated other businesses that were either complementing or competing in the field of research and publishing and that reinforce its market power,[52] such as Mendeley (after the closure of 2collab), SSRN,[53] bepress/Digital Commons, PlumX, Hivebench, Newsflo, Science-Metrix,[54] and Interfolio.[55]

Conferences

Elsevier also conducts conferences, exhibitions, and workshops around the world, with over 50 conferences a year covering life sciences, physical sciences and engineering, social sciences, and health sciences.[56]

Shill review offer

According to the BBC, in 2009, the firm [Elsevier] offered a £17.25 Amazon voucher to academics who contributed to the textbook Clinical Psychology if they would go on Amazon.com and Barnes & Noble (a large US books retailer) and give it five stars. Elsevier responded by stating "Encouraging interested parties to post book reviews isn't outside the norm in scholarly publishing, nor is it wrong to offer to nominally compensate people for their time. But in all instances the request should be unbiased, with no incentives for a positive review, and that's where this particular e-mail went too far", and that it was a mistake by a marketing employee.[57]

Blocking text mining research

Elsevier seeks to regulate text and data mining with private licenses, claiming that reading requires extra permission if automated and that the publisher holds copyright on output of automated processes. The conflict on research and copyright policy has often resulted in researchers being blocked from their work.[58] In November 2015, Elsevier blocked a scientist from performing text mining research at scale on Elsevier papers, even though his institution already pays for access to Elsevier journal content.[59] [60] The data was collected using the R package "statcheck".[61]

Fossil fuel company consulting and advocacy

Elsevier is one of the most prolific publishers of books aimed at expanding the production of fossil fuels. Since at least 2010 the company has worked with the fossil fuel industry to optimise fossil fuel extraction. It commissions authors, journal advisory board members and editors who are employees of the largest oil firms. In addition it markets data services and research portals directly to the fossil fuel industry to help "increase the odds of exploration success".[62]

Criticism of academic practices

"Who's Afraid of Peer Review"

See main article: Who's Afraid of Peer Review?.

In 2013, one of Elsevier's journals was caught in the sting set up by John Bohannon, published in Science, called "Who's Afraid of Peer Review?"[63] The journal Drug Invention Today accepted an obviously bogus paper made up by Bohannon that should have been rejected by any good peer-review system.[64] Instead, Drug Invention Today was among many open-access journals that accepted the fake paper for publication. As of 2014, this journal had been transferred to a different publisher.[65]

Fake journals

At a 2009 court case in Australia where Merck & Co. was being sued by a user of Vioxx, the plaintiff alleged that Merck had paid Elsevier to publish the Australasian Journal of Bone and Joint Medicine, which had the appearance of being a peer-reviewed academic journal but in fact contained only articles favourable to Merck drugs.[66] [67] [68] [69] Merck described the journal as a "complimentary publication", denied claims that articles within it were ghost written by Merck, and stated that the articles were all reprinted from peer-reviewed medical journals.[70] In May 2009, Elsevier Health Sciences CEO Hansen released a statement regarding Australia-based sponsored journals, conceding that they were "sponsored article compilation publications, on behalf of pharmaceutical clients, that were made to look like journals and lacked the proper disclosures." The statement acknowledged that it "was an unacceptable practice."[71] The Scientist reported that, according to an Elsevier spokesperson, six sponsored publications "were put out by their Australia office and bore the Excerpta Medica imprint from 2000 to 2005," namely the Australasian Journal of Bone and Joint Medicine (Australas. J. Bone Joint Med.), the Australasian Journal of General Practice (Australas. J. Gen. Pract.), the Australasian Journal of Neurology (Australas. J. Neurol.), the Australasian Journal of Cardiology (Australas. J. Cardiol.), the Australasian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (Australas. J. Clin. Pharm.), and the Australasian Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine (Australas. J. Cardiovasc. Med.).[72] Excerpta Medica was a "strategic medical communications agency" run by Elsevier, according to the imprint's web page.[73] In October 2010, Excerpta Medica was acquired by Adelphi Worldwide.[74]

Chaos, Solitons & Fractals

There was speculation[75] that the editor-in-chief of Elsevier journal Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Mohamed El Naschie, misused his power to publish his own work without appropriate peer review. The journal had published 322 papers with El Naschie as author since 1993. The last issue of December 2008 featured five of his papers.[76] The controversy was covered extensively in blogs.[77] [78] The publisher announced in January 2009 that El Naschie had retired as editor-in-chief.[79] the co-Editors-in-Chief of the journal were Maurice Courbage and Paolo Grigolini.[80] In June 2011, El Naschie sued the journal Nature for libel, claiming that his reputation had been damaged by their November 2008 article about his retirement, which included statements that Nature had been unable to verify his claimed affiliations with certain international institutions.[81] The suit came to trial in November 2011 and was dismissed in July 2012, with the judge ruling that the article was "substantially true", contained "honest comment", and was "the product of responsible journalism". The judgement noted that El Naschie, who represented himself in court, had failed to provide any documentary evidence that his papers had been peer-reviewed.[82] Judge Victoria Sharp also found "reasonable and serious grounds" for suspecting that El Naschie used a range of false names to defend his editorial practice in communications with Nature, and described this behavior as "curious" and "bizarre".[83]

Plagiarism

Elsevier's 'Duties of Authors' states that authors should ensure they have written entirely original works, and that proper acknowledgement of others' work must always be given. Elsevier claims plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical behaviour.[84] Some Elsevier journals automatically screen submissions for plagiarism,[85] but not all.[86]

Albanian politician Taulant Muka claimed that Elsevier journal Procedia had plagiarized in the abstract of one of its articles. It is unclear whether or not Muka had access to the entirety of the article.[87]

Scientific racism

Angela Saini has criticized the two Elsevier journals Intelligence and Personality and Individual Differences for having included on their editorial boards such well-known proponents of scientific racism as Richard Lynn and Gerhard Meisenberg; in response to her inquiries, Elsevier defended their presence as editors.[88] The journal Intelligence has been criticized for having "occasionally included papers with pseudoscientific findings about intelligence differences between races."[89] It is the official journal of the International Society for Intelligence Research, which organizes the controversial series of conferences London Conference on Intelligence, described by the New Statesman as a forum for scientific racism.[90]

In response to a 2019 open letter, efforts by Retraction Watch and a petition signed by over 1000 people, on 17 June 2020 Elsevier announced it was retracting an article that J. Philippe Rushton and Donald Templer published in 2012 in the Elsevier journal Personality and Individual Differences.[91] The article had claimed that there was scientific evidence that skin color was related to aggression and sexuality in humans.[92]

One of their journals, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, was involved in the manipulation of the peer review report.[93]

Manipulation of bibliometrics

According to the signatories of the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (see also Goodhart's law), commercial academic publishers benefit from manipulation of bibliometrics and scientometrics, such as the journal impact factor. The impact factor, which is often used as a proxy of prestige, can influence revenues, subscriptions, and academics' willingness to contribute unpaid work.[94] However, there's evidence suggesting that reliability of published research works in several fields may decrease with increasing journal rank.[95]

Nine Elsevier journals, which exhibited unusual levels of self-citation, had their journal impact factor of 2019 suspended from Journal Citation Reports in 2020, a sanction which hit 34 journals in total.[96]

In 2023, the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, which is published by Elsevier, was criticized for desk-rejecting a submitted article for the main reason that it did not cite enough articles from the same journal.

Control of journals

Resignation of editorial boards

The editorial boards of a number of journals have resigned because of disputes with Elsevier over pricing:

Editorial boards have also resigned over open access policies or other issues:

"The Cost of Knowledge" boycott

See main article: The Cost of Knowledge.

In 2003, various university librarians began coordinating with each other to complain about Elsevier's "big deal" journal bundling packages, in which the company offered a group of journal subscriptions to libraries at a certain rate, but in which librarians claimed no economical option was available to subscribe to only the popular journals at a rate comparable to the bundled rate. Librarians continued to discuss the implications of the pricing schemes, many feeling pressured into buying the Elsevier packages without other options.

On 21 January 2012, mathematician Timothy Gowers publicly announced he would boycott Elsevier, noting that others in the field have been doing so privately. The reasons for the boycott are high subscription prices for individual journals, bundling subscriptions to journals of different value and importance, and Elsevier's support for SOPA, PIPA, and the Research Works Act, which would have prohibited open-access mandates for U.S. federally-funded research and severely restricted the sharing of scientific data.[115] [116] [117]

Following this, a petition advocating noncooperation with Elsevier (that is, not submitting papers to Elsevier journals, not refereeing articles in Elsevier journals, and not participating in journal editorial boards), appeared on the site "The Cost of Knowledge". By February 2012, this petition had been signed by over 5,000 academics,[115] [116] growing to over 17,000 by November 2018.[118] The firm disputed the claims, claiming that their prices are below the industry average, and stating that bundling is only one of several different options available to buy access to Elsevier journals. The company also claimed that its profit margins are "simply a consequence of the firm's efficient operation". The academics replied that their work was funded by public money, thus should be freely available.

On 27 February 2012, Elsevier issued a statement on its website that declared that it has withdrawn support from the Research Works Act.[119] Although the Cost of Knowledge movement was not mentioned, the statement indicated the hope that the move would "help create a less heated and more productive climate" for ongoing discussions with research funders. Hours after Elsevier's statement, the sponsors of the bill, US House Representatives Darrell Issa and Carolyn Maloney, issued a joint statement saying that they would not push the bill in Congress.[120]

Plan S

The Plan S open-access initiative, which began in Europe and has since spread to some US research funding agencies, would require researchers receiving some grants to publish in open-access journals by 2020.[121] A spokesman for Elsevier said "If you think that information should be free of charge, go to Wikipedia".[122] In September 2018, UBS advised to sell Elsevier (RELX) stocks, noting that Plan S could affect 5-10% of scientific funding and may force Elsevier to reduce pricing.[123]

Relationship with academic institutions

Colombia

For 14 years, Colciencias, now Minciencias, led negotiations with Elsevier, as a practical and effective response to the informative growth of presumptive problems, allowing a greater number of Higher Education Institutions to join this project, thanks to it saves the scale that is obtained. Colombia has converted in the fourth country with the largest number of documents indexed in Scopus in Latin America (except for Brazil), growing by 57% in the last five years, a rate visibly greater in neighboring countries.[124]

The Colombian National Consortium "Consorcio Colombia" managed by Consortia S.A.S. agreed in 2016 to have better prices for the Consortium members. The current agreement is that (Colombia National Ministry of Science and Technology) Minciencias and (Colombian National ministry of Education) Mineducación reintegrate money to institutions on the total payment of products, with the condition that money must be reinvested in academic and research resources.

Finland

In 2015, Finnish research organizations paid a total of 27 million euros in subscription fees. Over one-third of the total costs went to Elsevier. The information was revealed after successful court appeal following a denied request on the subscription fees, due to confidentiality clauses in contracts with the publishers.[125] Establishing of this fact lead to creation of tiedonhinta.fi petition demanding more reasonable pricing and open access to content signed by more than 2800 members of the research community.[126] While deals with other publishers have been made, this was not the case for Elsevier, leading to the nodealnoreview.org boycott of the publisher signed more than 600 times.[127]

In January 2018, it was confirmed that a deal had been reached between those concerned.[128] [129] [130]

France

The French Couperin consortium agreed in 2019 to a 4-year contract with Elsevier,[131] despite criticism from the scientific community.[132]

The French École Normale Supérieure has stopped having Elsevier publish the journal Annales Scientifiques de l'École Normale Supérieure[133] (as of 2008).[134]

Effective on 1 January 2020, the French Academy of Sciences stopped publishing its 7 journals Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences with Elsevier and switched to Centre Mersenne.[135]

Germany

Since 2018 and as of 2023, almost no academic institution in Germany is subscribed to Elsevier.[136] [137]

Germany's DEAL project (Projekt DEAL), which includes over 60 major research institutions, has announced that all of its members are cancelling their contracts with Elsevier, effective 1 January 2017. The boycott is in response to Elsevier's refusal to adopt "transparent business models" to "make publications more openly accessible".[138] [139] [140] [141] [142] [143] Horst Hippler, spokesperson for the DEAL consortium states that "taxpayers have a right to read what they are paying for" and that "publishers must understand that the route to open-access publishing at an affordable price is irreversible". In July 2017, another 13 institutions announced that they would also be cancelling their subscriptions to Elsevier journals.[144] In August 2017, at least 185 German institutions had cancelled their contracts with Elsevier.[145] In 2018, whilst negotiations were ongoing, around 200 German universities that cancelled their subscriptions to Elsevier journals were granted complimentary open access to them until this ended in July of the year.[146] [147] [148]

On 19 December 2018, the Max Planck Society (MPS) announced that the existing subscription agreement with Elsevier would not be renewed after the expiration date of 31 December 2018. MPS counts 14,000 scientists in 84 research institutes, publishing 12,000 articles each year.[149] [150]

In 2023 Elsevier and DEAL reached a tentative agreement on a publish and read model, which would take effect until 2028 if at least 70% of the eligible institutions opt into it.[151]

Hungary

In March 2018, the Hungarian Electronic Information Service National Programme entered negotiations on its 2019 Elsevier subscriptions, asking for a read-and-publish deal.[152] Negotiations were ended by the Hungarian consortium in December 2018, and the subscription was not renewed.[153]

Iran

In 2013, Elsevier changed its policies in response to sanctions announced by the US Office of Foreign Assets Control that year. This included a request that all Elsevier journals avoid publishing papers by Iranian nationals who are employed by the Iranian government.[154] [155] Elsevier executive Mark Seeley expressed regret on behalf of the company, but did not announce an intention to challenge this interpretation of the law.[156]

Italy

CRUI (an association of Italian universities) sealed a 5-year-long deal for 2018–2022,[157] despite protests from the scientific community, protests focused on aspects such as the lack of prevention of cost increases by means of the double dipping.[158]

Netherlands

In 2015, a consortium of all of Netherlands' 14 universities threatened to boycott Elsevier if it could not agree that articles by Dutch authors would be made open access and settled with the compromise of 30% of its Dutch papers becoming open access by 2018. Gerard Meijer, president of Radboud University in Nijmegen and lead negotiator on the Dutch side noted, "it's not the 100% that I hoped for".[159] [160] [161] [162]

Norway

In March 2019, the Norwegian government on behalf of 44 institutions - universities, university colleges, research institutes, and hospitals - decided to break negotiations on renewal of their subscription deal with Elsevier, because of disagreement regarding open-access policy and Elsevier's unwillingness to reduce the cost of reading access.[163]

South Korea

In 2017, over 70 university libraries confirmed a "contract boycott" movement involving three publishers including Elsevier. As of January 2018, whilst negotiations remain underway, a decision will be made as to whether or not continue the participating libraries will continue the boycott.[164] It was subsequently confirmed that an agreement had been reached.[165]

Sweden

In May 2018, the Bibsam Consortium, which negotiates license agreements on behalf of all Swedish universities and research institutes, decided not to renew their contract with Elsevier,[166] alleging that the publisher does not meet the demands of transition towards a more open-access model, and referring to the rapidly increasing costs for publishing.[167] Swedish universities will still have access to articles published before 30 June 2018. Astrid Söderbergh Widding, chairman of the Bibsam Consortium, said, "the current system for scholarly communication must change and our only option is to cancel deals when they don't meet our demands for a sustainable transition to open access".[168] Sweden has a goal of open access by 2026.[169] In November 2019 the negotiations concluded, with Sweden paying for reading access to Elsevier journals and open access publishing for all its researchers' articles.[170]

Taiwan

In Taiwan, more than 75% of universities, including the country's top 11 institutions, have joined a collective boycott against Elsevier. On 7 December 2016, the Taiwanese consortium, CONCERT, which represents more than 140 institutions, announced it would not renew its contract with Elsevier.[159] [171] [172] [173]

United States

In March 2018, Florida State University's faculty elected to cancel its $2 million subscription to a bundle of several journals. Starting in 2019, it will instead buy access to titles à la carte.

In February 2019, the University of California said it would terminate subscriptions "in [a] push for open access to publicly funded research."[174] [175] [176] After months of negotiations over open access to research by UC researchers and prices for subscriptions to Elsevier journals, a press release by the UC Office of the President issued Thursday, 28 February 2019 stated "Under Elsevier's proposed terms, the publisher would have charged UC authors large publishing fees on top of the university's multimillion dollar subscription, resulting in much greater cost to the university and much higher profits for Elsevier."[177] On 10 July 2019, Elsevier began restricting access to all new paywalled articles and approximately 5% of paywalled articles published before 2019.[178]

In April 2020, the University of North Carolina elected not to renew its bundled Elsevier package, citing a failure "to provide an affordable path".[179] Rather than extend the license, which was stated to cost $2.6 million annually, the university decided to continue subscribing to a smaller set of individual journals. The State University of New York Libraries Consortium also announced similar outcome,[180] [181] with the help of estimates from Unpaywall Journals.[182] Similarly, MIT announced in June 2020 that it would no longer pay for access to new Elsevier articles.[183] [184]

In 2022 Elsevier and the University of Michigan established an agreement to support authors who wish to publish open access.[185]

Ukraine

In June 2020 the Ukrainian government cancelled subscriptions for all universities in the country after failed negotiations. The Ministry of Education stated that Elsevier indexes journals in its register which call themselves Russian but are from occupied territories.[186]

Dissemination of research

Lobbying efforts against open access

Elsevier have been known to be involved in lobbying against open access.[187] These have included the likes of:

Selling open-access articles

In 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017,[211] Elsevier was found to be selling some articles that should have been open access, but had been put behind a paywall.[212] A related case occurred in 2015, when Elsevier charged for downloading an open-access article from a journal published by John Wiley & Sons. However, whether Elsevier was in violation of the license under which the article was made available on their website was not clear.[213]

Action against academics posting their own articles online

In 2013, Digimarc, a company representing Elsevier, told the University of Calgary to remove articles published by faculty authors on university web pages; although such self-archiving of academic articles may be legal under the fair dealing provisions in Canadian copyright law,[214] the university complied. Harvard University and the University of California, Irvine also received takedown notices for self-archived academic articles, a first for Harvard, according to Peter Suber.[215] [216] [217]

Months after its acquisition of Academia.edu rival Mendeley, Elsevier sent thousands of takedown notices to Academia.edu, a practice that has since ceased following widespread complaint by academics, according to Academia.edu founder and chief executive Richard Price.[218] [219]

After Elsevier acquired the repository SSRN in May 2016, academics started complaining that some of their work has been removed without notice. The action was explained as a technical error.[220]

Sci-Hub and LibGen lawsuit

In 2015, Elsevier filed a lawsuit against the sites Sci-Hub and LibGen, which make copyright-protected articles available for free. Elsevier also claimed illegal access to institutional accounts.[221] [222]

Initial rejection of the Initiative for Open Citations

Among the major academic publishers, Elsevier alone declined to join the Initiative for Open Citations. In the context of the resignation of the Journal of Informetrics editorial board, the firm stated: "Elsevier invests significantly in citation extraction technology. While these are made available to those who wish to license this data, Elsevier cannot make such a large corpus of data, to which it has added significant value, available for free."[223]

Elsevier finally joined the initiative in January 2021 after the data was already available with an Open Data Commons license in Microsoft Academic.[224]

ResearchGate take down

A chamber of the Munich Regional Court has ruled that the research networking site ResearchGate has to take down articles uploaded without consent from their original publishers and ResearchGate must take down Elsevier articles. A case was brought forward in 2017 by the Coalition for Responsible Sharing, a group of publishers that includes Elsevier and the American Chemical Society.[225]

Awards

Elsevier has partnered with a number of organisations and lent its name to several awards.

Since 1987, Elsevier has partnered with the academic journal Spectrochimica Acta Part B to award the Elsevier / Spectrochimica Acta Atomic Spectroscopy Award. This award is given each year for a jury-selected best paper of the year. The award is worth $1000.[226] [227]

Starting in 1987, the IBMS Elsevier Award was awarded in 1992, 1995, 1998, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007 by the International Bone and Mineral Society in partnership with Elsevier, "for outstanding research and teaching throughout their career by an IBMS member in the fields of bone and mineral metabolism".[228]

From 2007, the Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) in Brazil partnered with Elsevier to award the CAPES Elsevier Award, the award being restricted to women from 2013 to encourage more women to pursue scientific careers. Several awards were awarded each year, as of 2014.[229]

From 2011, the OWSD-Elsevier Foundation Awards for Early-Career Women Scientists in the Developing World (OWSD-Elsevier Foundation Awards) have been awarded annually to early-career women scientists in selected developing countries in four regions: Latin America and the Caribbean, East and Southeast Asia and the Pacific, Central and South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa. The Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World (OWSD), the Elsevier Foundation, and The World Academy of Sciences first partnered to recognize achievements of early-career women scientists in developing countries in 2011.[230] [231]

In 2016, the Elsevier Foundation awarded the Elsevier Foundation-ISC3 Green and Sustainable Chemistry Challenge. From 2021 and, the annual award is known as the Elsevier Foundation Chemistry for Climate Action Challenge. Two prizes have been awarded each year; until 2020, the first prizewinner was awarded €50,000, and the second prize was €25,000. Since then, €25,000 has been awarded to each winner, usually an entrepreneur who has created a project or proposal that aids the fight against climate change.[232]

Imprints

Elsevier uses its imprints (that is, brand names used in publishing) to market to different consumer segments. Many of the imprints have previously been the names of publishing companies that were purchased by Reed Elsevier.

See also

References

Sources

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: RELX Annual Report . RELX . 20 July 2023 . 20 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230720111741/https://www.relx.com/~/media/Files/R/RELX-Group/documents/reports/annual-reports/relx-2022-annual-report.pdf . live .
  2. Web site: RELX Net Income 2006-2020 . Macrotrends . 20 July 2023 . 20 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230720112214/http://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/RELX/relx/net-income .
  3. Web site: Elsevier at a glance . Elsevier . 20 July 2023 . 20 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230720114837/https://www.elsevier.com/about/this-is-elsevier . live .
  4. Web site: Plum Goes Orange – Elsevier Acquires Plum Analytics . Carpenter . Todd . . 2 February 2017 . . 1 January 2021 . 5 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180805203647/https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2017/02/02/plum-goes-orange-elsevier-acquires-plum-analytics/ . live .
  5. Web site: Elsevier's SciVal . . 1 January 2021 . 24 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201124085807/https://ors.ubc.ca/resources-links/elseviers-scival . live .
  6. Web site: March 2022 . 2021 RELX Group Annual Report . RELX . RELX Company Reports . 16 March 2022 . 9 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230109101348/https://reports.relx.com/2021/esef-ar-uk/549300WSX3VBUFFJOO66-2021-12-31-Viewer.html . live .
  7. News: Lin . Thomas . 13 February 2012 . Mathematicians Organize Boycott of a Publisher . . 26 February 2017 . 29 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210329132139/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/14/science/researchers-boycott-elsevier-journal-publisher.html?_r=1 . live .
  8. Web site: Swoger . Bonnie . Is Elsevier really for-science? Or just for-profit? . Scientific American Blog Network . 12 December 2013 . 13 April 2022 . 13 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220413011430/https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/information-culture/is-elsevier-really-for-science-or-just-for-profit/ . live .
  9. Web site: RELX 2023 Results . 2024-07-31 . www.relx.com . en.
  10. Web site: 20 September 2017. Publishers increasingly in control of scholarly infrastructure and this is why we should care. 11 May 2021. The Knowledge G.A.P.. 11 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210511133746/http://knowledgegap.org/index.php/sub-projects/rent-seeking-and-financialization-of-the-academic-publishing-industry/preliminary-findings/. live.
  11. Web site: Resnick . Brian . The war to free science . Vox . 3 June 2019 . 13 April 2022 . 11 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210411001120/https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/2019/6/3/18271538/open-access-elsevier-california-sci-hub-academic-paywalls . live .
  12. Web site: Buranyi . Stephen . Is the staggeringly profitable business of scientific publishing bad for science? . The Guardian . 27 June 2017 . 13 April 2022 . 12 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220412221336/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/jun/27/profitable-business-scientific-publishing-bad-for-science . live .
  13. Web site: Interesting Fact - History of the Elsevier Logo. Facebook. 12 June 2019. 10 August 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190810004358/https://www.facebook.com/notes/elsevier-india/interesting-fact-history-of-the-elsevier-logo/295913917111368/. live.
  14. Gerry van der List, Meer dan een weekblad. De geschiedenis van Elsevier
  15. Web site: Elsevier . In the shadow of the Nazis, this young executive dared to publish the work of Jewish scientists . 7 March 2022 . Elsevier Connect . 23 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220223161517/https://www.elsevier.com/connect/in-the-shadow-of-the-nazis-this-young-executive-dared-to-publish-the-work-of-jewish-scientists . live .
  16. Web site: Reed Elsevier Timeline. www.ulib.niu.edu. 13 September 2015. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20151030233859/https://www.ulib.niu.edu/publishers/ReedElsevier.htm. 30 October 2015.
  17. Web site: A Short History of Elsevier. Ask Force. 15 February 2022. 13 July 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220713184643/http://www.ask-force.org/web/Seralini/Elsevier-Short-History-2005.pdf. dead.
  18. Boone . C.A.J.J. . van Witteloostuijn . A. . van Olffen . W. . de Brabander . B. . The Genesis of top management team diversity : Selective turnover among top management teams in the Dutch newspaper publisher industry (1970-1994) . February 2003 . 10.26481/umamet.2003006 .
  19. Orchard. Constance. 1988. ADONIS and Electronically Stored Information: An Information Broker's Experience. The Serials Librarian. 15. 3–4. 85–91. 10.1300/J123v15n03_09. 0361-526X. free.
  20. Book: Tedd. Lucy A.. Digital Libraries: Principles and Practice in a Global Environment. Large. J. A.. 2005. Walter de Gruyter. 978-3-598-11627-8.
  21. Book: 10.3998/spobooks.5621225.0001.001 . Economics and Usage of Digital Libraries: Byting the Bullet . 2008 . 978-1-4181-6284-9 . Mackie-Mason . Jeffrey K. .
  22. Web site: Building the World's Largest Scientific Database . Giussani . Bruno . 4 March 1997 . 1 February 2021 . 19 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210419052205/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/cyber/euro/030497euro.html . live .
  23. Book: Stachokas, George. The Role of the Electronic Resources Librarian. 12 October 2019. Chandos Publishing. 978-0-08-102926-8.
  24. Web site: Content . Beatty . Susannah . . 12 June 2017 . 1 February 2021 . 17 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210117124609/https://blog.scopus.com/topics/content . live .
  25. Web site: Welcome to SciVal . 1 February 2021 . SciVal . 24 February 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210224172335/https://scival.com/landing . live .
  26. Web site: Herther. Nancy K.. 8 October 2009. Elsevier's New SciVal Products Target Academic Accountability and Strategic Planning. 30 November 2020. newsbreaks.infotoday.com. 16 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210816071203/http://newsbreaks.infotoday.com/NewsBreaks/Elseviers-New-SciVal-Products-Target-Academic-Accountability-and-Strategic-Planning-56569.asp. live.
  27. Web site: Amirtha. Tina. THE OPEN PUBLISHING REVOLUTION, NOW BEHIND A BILLION-DOLLAR PAYWALL. Fast Company. 26 January 2016. 17 April 2015. 15 January 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160115005118/http://www.fastcompany.com/3042443/mendeley-elsevier-and-the-future-of-scholarly-publishing. live.
  28. When the Rebel Alliance Sells Out. David. Dobbs. The New Yorker. 12 April 2013.
  29. James A.. Coleman. How to get published in English: Advice from the outgoing Editor-in-Chief. System. 3 January 2014. 0346-251X. 404–411. 42. 10.1016/j.system.2014.01.004. Remember that editors and reviewers are unpaid, and are undertaking their tasks voluntarily, in addition to a full-time job.
  30. Web site: These Five Corporations Control Academic Publishing. 10 June 2015. Vocativ.com. 31 January 2018. 14 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171214223450/http://www.vocativ.com/culture/science/five-corporations-control-academic-publishing/. live.
  31. The Oligopoly of Academic Publishers in the Digital Era. Vincent Larivière. Stefanie Haustein. Philippe Mongeon. PLOS ONE. 10. 6. 2015. 10.1371/journal.pone.0127502. 26061978. 4465327. e0127502. 2015PLoSO..1027502L. free.
  32. News: Elsevier leads the business the internet could not kill. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/93138f3e-87d6-11e5-90de-f44762bf9896 . 10 December 2022. Financial Times. 15 November 2015. 7 November 2016. subscription. Cookson. Robert.
  33. Web site: Annual Report and Financial Statements 2019. RELX. 12. 16 September 2020. 1 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201101040341/https://www.relx.com/~/media/Files/R/RELX-Group/documents/reports/annual-reports/2019-annual-report.pdf. live.
  34. Web site: RELX 2019 Annual Report. RELX. 16 September 2020. 1 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201101040341/https://www.relx.com/~/media/Files/R/RELX-Group/documents/reports/annual-reports/2019-annual-report.pdf. live.
  35. Web site: Kumsal Bayazit. Elsevier.com. 22 February 2019. 22 February 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190222204419/https://www.elsevier.com/about/management/kumsal-bayazit. live.
  36. Web site: Elsevier reports 40% gender pay gap The Bookseller. 21 December 2020. www.thebookseller.com. 24 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201124013918/https://www.thebookseller.com/news/elsevier-reports-40-gender-pay-gap-759606. live.
  37. Web site: RELX Group/Elsevier Inclusion & Diversity. 21 December 2020. www.elsevier.com. 22 December 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201222163655/https://www.elsevier.com/about/careers/diversity-and-inclusion. live.
  38. "RELX Annual Report and Financial Statements 2019", https://www.relx.com/investors/annual-reports/2019
  39. News: Nilsson, Patricia. 25 July 2019. Relx falls short of growth expectations. Financial Times. Yahoo Finance. 26 July 2019. 26 July 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190726181501/https://finance.yahoo.com/m/c84c5326-55c5-3f81-b51d-9d1f4b7806e7/relx-falls-short-of-growth.html. live.
  40. Web site: Elsevier sees 2019 profit and revenue lift The Bookseller. 23 February 2021. www.thebookseller.com. 18 February 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210218122930/https://www.thebookseller.com/news/elsevier-sees-profit-and-revenue-lift-1192787. live.
  41. Hagve . Martin . 17 August 2020 . The money behind academic publishing . Tidsskrift for den Norske Legeforening . 140 . 11 . 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0118 . 32815337 . 225423313 . 0029-2001 . free . 1 June 2022 . 22 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220622191319/https://tidsskriftet.no/en/2020/08/kronikk/money-behind-academic-publishing . live .
  42. https://www.journals.elsevierhealth.com/ Health Advance
  43. Monbiot. George. 29 August 2011. Academic publishers make Murdoch look like a socialist. Guardian. 11 December 2016. 7 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190307174619/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/aug/29/academic-publishers-murdoch-socialist. live.
  44. Web site: 24 April 2014. Elsevier journals — some facts. 27 July 2014. Gowers's Weblog. 2 July 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140702112336/http://gowers.wordpress.com/2014/04/24/elsevier-journals-some-facts/. live.
  45. Faculty Senate minutes February 19 meeting Stanford Report, 25 February 2004
  46. Web site: 20 February 2004. Fac Sen addresses costly journals. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20121105040316/https://archive.stanforddaily.com/?p=1013953. 5 November 2012. The Stanford Daily.
  47. Kingsley, Danny. "Dutch boycott of Elsevier – a game changer?", University of Cambridge Office of Scholarly Communication
  48. Web site: 11 December 2015. John Bohannon. In unique deal, Elsevier agrees to make some papers by Dutch authors free. science.org. 25 February 2024.
  49. News: Kelly. Éanna. 2 November 2018. Researchers complain to Brussels over 'dominant position' of RELX Group in scientific publishing. sciencebusiness.net. 16 January 2019. 16 January 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190116100143/https://sciencebusiness.net/framework-programmes/news/researchers-complain-brussels-over-dominant-position-relx-group. live.
  50. Web site: Price. Gary. 30 October 2018. Full Text: Complaint Filed with EU Competition Authority Regarding "Anti-Competitive Practices" of RELX/Elsevier and the Wider Scholarly Publishing Market. 2 February 2021. LJ infoDOCKET. 7 March 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210307062104/https://www.infodocket.com/2018/10/30/full-text-complaint-filed-with-eu-competition-authority-regarding-relx-and-the-wider-scholarly-publishing-market/. live.
  51. Glenn, David (25 January 2008). Chronicle.com "American Economic Association Plans 4 New Journals". The Chronicle of Higher Education.
  52. News: Elsevier Continues To Build Its Monopoly Solution For All Aspects Of Scholarly Communication. 4 August 2017. Techdirt. 17 October 2018. Glyn Moody. Glyn Moody. 17 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181017164405/https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20170804/05454537924/elsevier-continues-to-build-monopoly-solution-all-aspects-scholarly-communication.shtml. live.
  53. News: Disappointing: Elsevier Buys Open Access Academic Pre-Publisher SSRN. 17 May 2016. Techdirt. 17 October 2018. Mike Masnick. Mike Masnick. 17 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181017164519/https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20160517/13513134465/disappointing-elsevier-buys-open-access-academic-pre-publisher-ssrn.shtml. live.
  54. 23rd Congress of the European Society of Veterinary and Comparative Nutrition . Herb. Ulrich. 2019. Steering science through Output Indicators & Data Capitalism. 10.5281/zenodo.3333395. free.
  55. Web site: Tucker . David . 7 June 2022 . Elsevier closes Interfolio acquisition . 18 October 2022 . 17 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221017085704/https://www.elsevier.com/about/press-releases/corporate/elsevier-closes-interfolio-acquisition . live .
  56. Web site: Conferences. elsevier.com. 12 November 2019. 12 November 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191112020100/https://www.elsevier.com/events/conferences. live.
  57. Finlo Rohrer, "The perils of five-star reviews", BBC News Magazine, 25 June 2009.
  58. Richard. Van Noorden. Elsevier opens its papers to text-mining. Nature. 3 February 2014. 0028-0836. 17. 506. 7486. 10.1038/506017a. 24499898. free. “It was a legitimate criticism, that people sent text-mining requests in to publishers and they bounced around for a time without any response,” admits Chris Shillum, vice-president of product management for platform and content at Elsevier.. 2014Natur.506...17V.
  59. Bloudoff-Indelicato. Mollie. Text-mining block prompts online response. Nature. 20 November 2015. 527. 7579. 413. 10.1038/527413f. 2015Natur.527..413B. 4457698. free.
  60. Web site: Moody. Glyn. Elsevier Says Downloading And Content-Mining Licensed Copies Of Research Papers 'Could Be Considered' Stealing. TechDirt. 18 November 2015. 21 November 2015. 21 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151121235758/https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20151117/09383132839/elsevier-says-downloading-content-mining-licensed-copies-research-papers-could-be-considered-stealing.shtml. live.
  61. Nuijten. Michèle B.. Hartgerink. Chris H. J.. van Assen. Marcel A. L. M.. Epskamp. Sacha. Wicherts. Jelte M.. The prevalence of statistical reporting errors in psychology (1985–2013). Behavior Research Methods. 23 October 2015. 48. 4. 1205–1226. 10.3758/s13428-015-0664-2. 26497820. 5101263.
  62. Web site: 24 February 2022. Revealed: leading climate research publisher helps fuel oil and gas drilling. 24 February 2022. The Guardian. 24 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220224082545/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/24/elsevier-publishing-climate-science-fossil-fuels. live.
  63. Bohannon. John. John Bohannon. Who's Afraid of Peer Review?. 10.1126/science.342.6154.60. Science. 342. 6154. 60–65. 2013. 24092725. 2013Sci...342...60B. free .
  64. News: Claire Shaw. Hundreds of open access journals accept fake science paper. Theguardian.com. 26 December 2013. The Guardian. 4 October 2013. 27 December 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131227070106/http://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/2013/oct/04/open-access-journals-fake-paper. live.
  65. Web site: Drug Invention Today. sciencedirect.com. 15 February 2022. 15 June 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170615014113/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09757619. live.
  66. News: Doctors signed Merck's Vioxx studies. Rout. Milanda. 9 April 2009. The Australian. 4 May 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090506064629/https://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,25311725-5013871,00.html. 6 May 2009. dead .
  67. Web site: Merck published fake journal. Grant. Bob. 30 April 2009. The Scientist. 4 May 2009. 16 August 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110816103436/http://classic.the-scientist.com/blog/display/55671/. live.
  68. News: Merck accused of 'ghost writing' medical article. Hagan. Kate. 23 April 2009. The Age. 4 May 2009. 8 May 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090508025532/http://www.theage.com.au/national/merck-accused-of-ghost-writing-medical-article-20090422-afdk.html?page=-1. live.
  69. Ben Goldacre, "The danger of drugs ... and data", The Guardian, 9 May 2009
  70. Merck Responds to Questions about the Australasian Journal of Bone and Joint Medicine Journal. 30 April 2009. Merck & Co.. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20091231104929/https://merck.com/newsroom/vioxx/pdf/statement_20090430.pdf. 31 December 2009 .
  71. Statement from Michael Hansen, CEO Of Elsevier's Health Sciences Division, regarding Australia based sponsored journal practices between 2000 and 2005. Elsevier.
  72. News: Bob. Grant. Elsevier published 6 fake journals. 7 May 2009. The Scientist. 8 May 2009. 18 January 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110118084129/https://www.the-scientist.com/blog/display/55679/. dead.
  73. Web site: "Excerpta Medica", official webpage. Elsevier. 15 February 2022. 10 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220210014923/https://excerptamedica.com/. live.
  74. Web site: "Excerpta Medica Joins Adelphi Worldwide", press release. Elsevier. 15 February 2022. 4 July 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210704100049/https://excerptamedica.com/?page=newsroom&item=301. live.
  75. Self-publishing editor set to retire. 10.1038/456432a. 456. 7221. Nature. 432. 19037282. Schiermeier. Q. 2008. free .
  76. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 38(5), pp. 1229–1534 (December 2008)
  77. Web site: The Scholarly Kitchen. 15 February 2022. 15 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220215051250/https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/?s=el+naschie. live.
  78. Web site: El Naschie Watch Blog. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20101015195449/https://elnaschiewatch.blogspot.com/. 15 October 2010 .
  79. 10.1016/S0960-0779(09)00060-5. Publisher's note. 2009. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals. 39. v–.
  80. Book: Chaos, Solitons and Fractals. November 2011. 15 February 2022. 15 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220215063855/https://www.journals.elsevier.com/chaos-solitons-and-fractals. live.
  81. News: Nature journal libel case begins. BBC News. Ghosh. Pallab. 11 November 2011. 11 November 2011. 12 November 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111112090500/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-15697636. live.
  82. Web site: live . Nature libel verdict 'a victory for free speech' . https://web.archive.org/web/20200426083633/http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2012/jul/06/nature-libel-peer-review?newsfeed=true . 26 April 2020 . The Guardian . 6 July 2012 . Ian . Sample .
  83. Aron. Jacob. 6 July 2012. Nature Publishing Group wins libel trial. New Scientist. 2873. 14 July 2012. 6 July 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120706163129/http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn22026-nature-publishing-group-wins-libel-trial.html. live.
  84. Web site: Publishing Ethics for Editors. 13 January 2021. www.elsevier.com. 22 January 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210122121141/https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/publishing-ethics. live.
  85. Web site: Plagiarism detection. Elsevier. 30 August 2018. 30 August 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180830124203/https://www.elsevier.com/editors/perk/plagiarism-complaints/plagiarism-detection. live.
  86. Web site: UPDATED: Elsevier retracts a paper on solar cells that appears to plagiarize a Nature journal. But the reason is…odd. Ivan Oransky. 23 August 2018. 30 August 2018. 23 August 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180823210527/https://retractionwatch.com/2018/08/23/elsevier-investigating-paper-on-solar-cells-that-appears-to-plagiarize-a-nature-journal/. live.
  87. News: Massive Plagiarism Scandal Hits Albanian Officials without Consequences. 25 December 2018. 10 May 2019. 30 December 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181230233833/https://exit.al/en/2018/12/25/massive-plagiarism-scandal-hits-albanian-officials/. dead.
  88. The Guardian. Saini. Angela. 22 January 2018. Racism is creeping back into mainstream science – we have to stop it. 19 June 2020. 8 February 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190208111417/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jan/22/eugenics-racism-mainstream-science. live.
  89. Smithsonian Magazine. Skibba. Ramin. The Disturbing Resilience of Scientific Racism. 20 May 2019. 19 June 2020. 11 October 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221011071349/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/disturbing-resilience-scientific-racism-180972243/. live.
  90. News: Van Der Merwe. Ben. It might be a pseudoscience, but students take the threat of eugenics seriously. 19 June 2020. New Statesman. 19 February 2018. 30 July 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190730052747/https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/education/2018/02/it-might-be-pseudo-science-students-take-threat-eugenics-seriously. live.
  91. Web site: Personality and Individual Differences Retracts Rushton and Templer Article. 19 June 2020. 18 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210418102719/https://www.journals.elsevier.com/personality-and-individual-differences/announcements/rushton-and-templer-article. live.
  92. Web site: Elsevier journal to retract 2012 paper widely derided as racist. 17 June 2020. 19 June 2020. 24 June 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210624184303/https://retractionwatch.com/2020/06/17/elsevier-journal-to-retract-2012-paper-widely-derided-as-racist/. live.
  93. Web site: Raman . T. R. Shankar . Why I Won't Review or Write for Elsevier and Other Commercial Scientific Journals . 5 October 2021 . . New Delhi, India . 4 April 2021 . 8 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211008034601/https://science.thewire.in/the-sciences/why-i-wont-review-or-write-for-elsevier-and-other-commercial-scientific-journals/ . live .
  94. 10.7554/eLife.47338 . Use of the Journal Impact Factor in academic review, promotion, and tenure evaluations . 2019 . McKiernan . Erin C. . Schimanski . Lesley A. . Muñoz Nieves . Carol . Matthias . Lisa . Niles . Meredith T. . Alperin . Juan P. . eLife . 8 . 31364991 . 6668985 . free .
  95. Brembs B . Prestigious Science Journals Struggle to Reach Even Average Reliability . Frontiers in Human Neuroscience . 12 . 37 . 2018 . 29515380 . 5826185 . 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00037 . free.
  96. Web site: Ivan. Oransky. 1 July 2020. Major indexing service sounds alarm on self-citations by nearly 50 journals. 29 June 2020. 29 June 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200629225455/https://retractionwatch.com/2020/06/29/major-indexing-service-sounds-alarm-on-self-citations-by-nearly-50-journals/. live.
  97. [Joan Birman|Birman, Joan]
  98. Web site: EffeDesign. The EEA's journal: a brief history. Eeassoc.org. 26 December 2013. 27 December 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131227021455/http://www.eeassoc.org/index.php?page=14. live.
  99. Web site: Changes at the Journal of Algorithms. 26 December 2013. 12 January 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130112222907/http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~hal/s.pdf. live.
  100. Web site: Letter to the editorial board of the Journal of Algorithms. Donald Knuth. 25 October 2003. 18 February 2008. 6 April 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080406004348/http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/joalet.pdf. live.
  101. Web site: Journal of Algorithms page at ScienceDirect. Sciencedirect.com. 26 December 2013. 27 June 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130627022129/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01966774. live.
  102. Web site: Journal declarations of independence. Open Access Directory. Simmons College. 23 May 2012. 3 May 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120503001428/http://oad.simmons.edu/oadwiki/Journal_declarations_of_independence#2005. live.
  103. Kyriakides. Stelios. Hills, David A.. Editorial. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 1 January 2006. 43. 1. 1. 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.11.001. Charles R. Steele succeeded Herrmann as editor-in-chief in 1985 and served in that capacity until June 2005. During his 20-year tenure, the journal grew both in size and in reputation, becoming one of the premier journals in the field. We have accepted an invitation to serve as editors of the journal as of October 1, 2005, being cognizant of the immense contributions, leadership, and high standards exercised by our two predecessors on the way to making IJSS the forum it is today.. free.
  104. Web site: Resignation letter from the editors of Topology. 10 August 2006. 18 February 2008. 11 May 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080511212648/http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/topology-letter.pdf. live.
  105. https://www.lms.ac.uk/publications/jtop.html Journal of Topology
  106. Book: Topology. elsevier.com. 13 March 2015. 2 April 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402124324/http://www.journals.elsevier.com/topology/. live.
  107. Web site: Topology page at ScienceDirect. Sciencedirect.com. 26 December 2013. 19 January 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130119001301/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00409383/48/2-4. live.
  108. Zahneis. Megan. 'It Feels Like Things Are Breaking Open': High Publishing Charges Spur Neuroscientists to Start Own Journal. The Chronicle of Higher Education. 21 April 2023. 24 April 2023. 24 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230424093457/https://www.chronicle.com/article/it-feels-like-things-are-breaking-open-high-access-charges-spur-neuroscientists-to-start-their-own-journal?utm_source=Iterable&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=campaign_6676389_nl_Academe-Today_date_20230424&cid=at&source=ams&sourceid=&cid2=gen_login_refresh. live.
  109. Web site: Medical journal editor sacked and editorial committee resigns. 18 May 2015. 3 May 2015. 6 May 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150506230840/http://www.smh.com.au/national/medical-journal-editor-sacked-and-editorial-committee-resigns-20150503-1myr8q.html. live.
  110. News: Language of Protest. Jaschik. Scott. 2 November 2015. Inside Higher Ed. 18 January 2017. 5 February 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170205223608/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2015/11/02/editors-and-editorial-board-quit-top-linguistics-journal-protest-subscription-fees. live.
  111. Chawla. Dalmeet Singh. 14 January 2019. Open-access row prompts editorial board of Elsevier journal to resign. Nature. 10.1038/d41586-019-00135-8. 159142533. 15 February 2022. 15 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220215051248/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00135-8. live.
  112. Web site: Stakeholders speak to Elsevier on the future of the Journal of Asian Economics. American Committee on Asian Economic Studies. 20 August 2020. 9 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200809144743/http://acaes.us/stakeholder-voice. live.
  113. Web site: Wiemer. Calla. The state of journal publishing: Elsevier vs Academics. Asia Economics Blog. 20 August 2020. 9 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200809145941/http://acaes.us/blog/state-of-journal-publishing-elsevier-vs-academics. live.
  114. Web site: The DRS Executive Board . The Future of Design Studies Update . Design Research Society . 14 July 2023.
  115. News: Flood. Alison. Scientists sign petition to boycott academic publisher Elsevier. The Guardian. 2 February 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120205081212/http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2012/feb/02/academics-boycott-publisher-elsevier. 5 February 2012. live .
  116. News: Fischman. Josh. Elsevier Publishing Boycott Gathers Steam Among Academics. The Chronicle of Higher Education. 30 January 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120210210215/http://chronicle.com/blogs/wiredcampus/elsevier-publishing-boycott-gathers-steam-among-academics/35216. 10 February 2012. live .
  117. News: Scientific publishing: The price of information. The Economist. 4 February 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120217030535/http://www.economist.com/node/21545974. 17 February 2012. live .
  118. Web site: thecostofknowledge.com. 12 January 2013. 4 December 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151204054058/https://thecostofknowledge.com/. dead.
  119. Web site: Elsevier Backs Down as Boycott Grows. 25 August 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140911222130/https://www.elsevier.com/about/issues-and-information/newmessagerwa. 11 September 2014.
  120. Web site: Sponsors and Supporters Back Away from Research Works Act. 25 August 2014. 2 April 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402190111/https://www.sparc.arl.org/news/sponsors-and-supporters-back-away-research-works-act. dead.
  121. Noorden. Richard Van. Wellcome and Gates join bold European open-access plan. Nature. 5 November 2018. 10.1038/d41586-018-07300-5. 239818967. 16 January 2019. 16 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201116071302/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07300-5. live.
  122. News: 11 EU-landen besluiten: vanaf 2020 moet alle wetenschappelijke literatuur gratis beschikbaar zijn. Maarten. Keulemans. De Volkskrant. 4 September 2018. 25 September 2018. nl. Als je vindt dat informatie gratis moet zijn: ga naar Wikipedia.. 7 September 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180907221521/https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/11-eu-landen-besluiten-vanaf-2020-moet-alle-wetenschappelijke-literatuur-gratis-beschikbaar-zijn~be002c39/. live.
  123. News: Elder. Bryce. Stocks to watch: SSE, BAT, Galápagos, RELX, Telefónica, RBS. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/2a2064e2-b669-11e8-bbc3-ccd7de085ffe . 10 December 2022 . subscription. 14 October 2018. Financial Times. 12 September 2018 .
  124. Web site: Consorcio Colombia . 2 November 2022 . Consorcio Colombia . live . 2 November 2022 . 2 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221102194736/https://www.consorciocolombia.co/historia/ .
  125. Web site: Scientific journal subscription costs in Finland 2010-2015: a preliminary analysis. rOpenGov. 15 October 2017. 15 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171015203133/https://ropengov.github.io/r/2016/06/10/FOI/. dead.
  126. Web site: The Cost of Scientific Publications Must Not Get Out of Hand . 3 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171015203433/https://tiedonhinta.fi/en/english/ . 15 October 2017.
  127. Web site: No Deal, No Review.. No Deal No Review. 27 January 2021. 28 January 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210128094024/http://nodealnoreview.org/. live.
  128. Web site: FinELib and Elsevier Reach Agreement for Subscription Access and Open Access Publishing. Kukkonen. Suvi. 17 January 2018. National Library. 17 January 2018. 17 January 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180117192300/https://www.kansalliskirjasto.fi/en/news/finelib-and-elsevier-reach-agreement-for-subscription-access-and-open-access-publishing. live.
  129. Web site: Finland takes steps in the openness of academic journal pricing . 25 January 2018 . Mostly Physics . 3 March 2021 . 1 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180501225922/https://www.mostlyphysics.net/blog/2018/1/25/finland-takes-a-step-back-in-the-openness-of-academic-journal-pricing . live .
  130. Book: Transition vers l'Accès Libre: le piège des accords globaux avec les éditeurs . 3 March 2021 . Mediapart . 13 April 2018 . Transition to Open Access: the Trap of Global Agreements with Publishers . fr . 8 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220408021709/https://blogs.mediapart.fr/edition/au-coeur-de-la-recherche/article/130418/transition-vers-l-acces-libre-le-piege-des-accords-globaux-avec-les-editeur . live .
  131. Web site: Communiqué sur la négociation Elsevier. Consortium Couperin. 11 June 2019. 26 August 2019. 26 August 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190826202815/https://www.aefinfo.fr/assets/medias/documents/4/8/482545.pdf. live.
  132. News: Embrouilles à propos de l'accès aux revues scientifiques . Larousserie . David . 13 May 2019 . 27 January 2021 . fr . Confusion over access to scientific journals . 18 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210118100253/https://www.lemonde.fr/sciences/article/2019/05/13/embrouilles-a-propos-de-l-acces-aux-revues-scientifiques_5461530_1650684.html . live .
  133. Web site: What We Can Do About Science Journals . Baez . John . 24 January 2011 . 27 January 2021 . 23 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201123101410/https://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/journals.html . live .
  134. Web site: Annales Scientifiques de l'École Normale Supérieure . Elsevier . 3 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080412014908/https://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600714/description . 12 April 2008 .
  135. Web site: Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences. 7 January 2021. 9 January 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210109091925/https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/. live.
  136. Web site: Vertragskündigungen Elsevier 2018. Haufe. Gottfried. 20 November 2018. www.projekt-deal.de. 6 March 2019. 6 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044759/https://www.projekt-deal.de/vertragskundigungen-elsevier-2018/. live.
  137. Thousands of scientists run up against Elsevier's paywall. Else. Holly. 5 February 2019. Nature. 6 March 2019. 10.1038/d41586-019-00492-4. 86526472. 8 March 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210308013032/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00492-4. live.
  138. Web site: Doctorow. Cory. Germany-wide consortium of research libraries announce boycott of Elsevier journals over open access. Boing Boing. 27 December 2016. 15 December 2016. 27 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161227040525/http://boingboing.net/2016/12/15/germany-wide-consortium-of-res.html. live.
  139. Web site: No full-text access to Elsevier journals to be expected from 1 January 2017 on. Göttingen State and University Library. 27 December 2016. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20161227132101/https://www.sub.uni-goettingen.de/en/news/details/voraussichtlich-keine-volltexte-von-zeitschriften-des-elsevier-verlags-ab-dem-112017/. 27 December 2016.
  140. Web site: Pressemitteilungen. Lrk-bw.de. de-de. 11 July 2017. Press Releases. 11 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170711132409/http://www.lrk-bw.de/index.php/pressemitteilungen. live.
  141. Web site: Major German Universities Cancel Elsevier Contracts . The Scientist . Kwon . Diana . 17 July 2017 . 27 January 2021 . 28 October 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171028122903/http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/49906/title/Major-German-Universities-Cancel-Elsevier-Contracts/ . live .
  142. A bold open-access push in Germany could change the future of academic publishing . Kupferschmidt . Kai . Vogel . Gretchen . 23 August 2017 . Science . 27 January 2021 . 6 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211106100330/https://www.science.org/content/article/bold-open-access-push-germany-could-change-future-academic-publishing . live .
  143. News: Researchers resign editorship of Elsevier journals . . 12 October 2017 . 27 January 2021 . 17 October 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171017042346/https://www.hrk.de/press/press-releases/press-release/meldung/researchers-resign-editorship-of-elsevier-journals-4237/ . live .
  144. Web site: German universities to let Elsevier contracts lapse Books+Publishing. Booksandpublishing.com.au. 29 July 2017. 29 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170729232013/https://www.booksandpublishing.com.au/articles/2017/07/26/93682/german-universities-to-let-elsevier-contracts-lapse/. live.
  145. Web site: Vertragskündigungen Elsevier 2017 – Projekt DEAL. Projekt-deal.de. 12 September 2017. 12 September 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170912165826/https://www.projekt-deal.de/vertragskundigungen-elsevier-2017/. live.
  146. News: Matthews. David. Elsevier maintains German access despite failure to strike deal. 4 January 2018. Times Higher Education (THE). London, United Kingdom. 0049-3929. 5 January 2018. 5 January 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180105021857/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/elsevier-maintains-german-access-despite-failure-strike-deal. live.
  147. Web site: Universities in Germany and Sweden Lose Access to Elsevier Journals . Kwon . Diana . 19 July 2018 . The Scientist . 3 March 2021 . 8 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210308202352/https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/universities-in-germany-and-sweden-lose-access-to-elsevier-journals--64522 . live .
  148. Schiermeier . Quirin . Germany vs Elsevier: universities win temporary journal access after refusing to pay fees . 4 January 2018 . Nature News . 553 . 7687 . 137 . 1476-4687 . 10.1038/d41586-018-00093-7 . 29323311 . 2018Natur.553..137S . free.
  149. Web site: Max Planck Society discontinues agreement with Elsevier; stands firm with Projekt DEAL negotiations . Max Planck Digital Library . 3 March 2021 . 11 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220111062713/https://www.mpdl.mpg.de/en/505 . live .
  150. News: Gary. Price. Max Planck Society Discontinues Agreement with Elsevier. Affirms Support for Projekt Deal. infodocket.com Library Journal. 19 December 2018. 19 December 2018. 20 December 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181220033858/https://www.infodocket.com/2018/12/19/max-planck-society-discontinues-agreement-with-elsevier-affirms-support-for-projekt-deal/. live.
  151. Web site: German science organizations strike open-access deal with Elsevier. 2023-09-06. Gretchen Vogel.
  152. Web site: Hungarian Consortium terminates negotiations with Elsevier. eisz.mtak.hu. 16 January 2019. 16 January 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190116195319/http://eisz.mtak.hu/index.php/en/283-hungarian-consortium-terminates-negotiations-with-elsevier.html. live.
  153. News: McKenzie. Lindsay. Elsevier journal editors resign, start rival open-access journal. 16 January 2019. Inside Higher Ed . 14 January 2019. 28 December 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211228034352/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2019/01/14/elsevier-journal-editors-resign-start-rival-open-access-journal. live.
  154. Scientific sanctions: A catastrophe for the civilized world. Behnam. Baghianimoghadam. Indian Journal of Medical Ethics. 9 February 2014. 11. 2. 130. 24727630. 25 December 2018. 14 March 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220314184545/https://www.issuesinmedicalethics.org/articles/scientific-sanctions-a-catastrophe-for-the-civilised-world/?galley=print. live.
  155. Web site: Taylor & Francis group bans publication of articles by Iranian authors . Fars News . 5 November 2013 . 3 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181226084301/https://en.farsnews.ir/print.aspx?nn=13920814000991 . 26 December 2018 .
  156. Web site: Trade sanctions against Iran affect publishers. Mark. Seeley. Elsevier. 9 May 2013. 25 December 2018. 26 December 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181226084256/https://www.elsevier.com/connect/trade-sanctions-against-iran-affect-publishers. live.
  157. Web site: I ricercatori italiani potranno beneficiare dell'accesso continuo al database ScienceDirect di Elsevier . Conferenza dei Rettori delle Università italiane . 3 March 2021 . Italian . Italian researchers will benefit from continuous access to Elsevier's ScienceDirect database . 26 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210126072828/https://www.crui.it/archivio-notizie/i-ricercatori-italiani-potranno-beneficiare-dell%E2%80%99accesso-continuo-al-database-sciencedirect-di-elsevie.html . live .
  158. Web site: Svezia-Italia 1-0. Berlino 2018: Italia fanalino di coda nell'Open Science . 10 December 2018 . Galimberti . Paola . Roars: Returns on Academic Research . 3 March 2021 . Italian . Sweden-Italy 1-0. Berlin 2018: Italy lagging behind in Open Science . 16 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210116205458/https://www.roars.it/online/svezia-italia-1-0-berlino-2018-italia-fanalino-di-coda-nellopen-science/ . live .
  159. Schiermeier. Quirin. Mega. Emiliano Rodríguez. Scientists in Germany, Peru and Taiwan to lose access to Elsevier journals. Nature. 541. 7635. 13. 10.1038/nature.2016.21223. 28054621. 2017Natur.541...13S. 2016. free.
  160. Bohannon. John. In unique deal, Elsevier agrees to make some papers by Dutch authors free. Science. 27 December 2016. 11 December 2015. 10.1126/science.aad7565. free. 20 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220120080031/https://www.science.org/content/article/unique-deal-elsevier-agrees-make-some-papers-dutch-authors-free. live.
  161. Web site: Dutch Universities and Elsevier reach agreement in principle - Library UvA - University of Amsterdam. Universiteit van Amsterdam. 27 December 2016. 12 October 2015. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20161227130822/https://uba.uva.nl/en/news/news/content/2015/12/elsevier-deal.html. 27 December 2016.
  162. Web site: How Elsevier plans to sabotage Open Access . De Knecht . Sicco . 25 March 2017 . Medium . 3 March 2021 . 28 March 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170328062324/https://medium.com/@SiccodeKnecht/how-elsevier-plans-to-sabotage-open-access-76fbd46593ae . live .
  163. Web site: Norwegian research institutions have decided not to renew their agreement with Elsevier. 12 March 2019. UNIT. 12 March 2019. 12 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190312104624/https://www.mynewsdesk.com/no/unit/pressreleases/norwegian-research-institutions-have-decided-not-to-renew-their-agreement-with-elsevier-2846284. live.
  164. News: 70여개 대학 도서관, 새해 첫 날부터 일부 논문 못 봐 - 한국대학신문 . Kim Jung-hyun . 29 December 2017 . 3 March 2021 . ko-KR . 70 University Libraries Can't See Some Papers From New Year's Day . 9 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201109041530/http://news.unn.net/news/articleView.html?idxno=183521 . live .
  165. South Korean universities reach agreement with Elsevier after long standoff. 15 January 2018. Science. 16 January 2018. 15 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220215075908/https://www.science.org/content/article/south-korean-universities-reach-agreement-elsevier-after-long-standoff. live.
  166. Web site: Sweden cancels Elsevier contract as open-access dispute spreads. 16 May 2018. www.timeshighereducation.com. 5 March 2019. 6 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044618/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/sweden-cancels-elsevier-contract-open-access-dispute-spreads. live.
  167. Web site: Bibsamkonsortiet - Kungliga biblioteket. annwen. www.kb.se. SV. 31 May 2018. 30 June 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180630105807/http://www.kb.se/bibliotek/centrala-avtal/. live.
  168. News: Sweden stands up for open access – cancels agreement with Elsevier. 16 May 2018. OpenAccess.se. 30 May 2018. sv-SE. 22 May 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180522133021/http://openaccess.blogg.kb.se/2018/05/16/sweden-stands-up-for-open-access-cancels-agreement-with-elsevier/. live.
  169. Web site: Sweden stands up for open access – cancels agreement with Elsevier. Wentzel. Annica. 16 May 2018. openaccess.blogg.kb.se. 6 March 2019. 3 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190403073606/https://openaccess.blogg.kb.se/2018/05/16/sweden-stands-up-for-open-access-cancels-agreement-with-elsevier/. live.
  170. Web site: New transformative agreement with Elsevier enables unlimited open access to Swedish research. 3 July 2020. Kungliga Biblioteket. 3 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200703091542/https://www.kb.se/samverkan-och-utveckling/nytt-fran-kb/nyheter-samverkan-och-utveckling/2019-11-22-%E2%80%8Bnew-transformative-agreement-with-elsevier-enables-unlimited-open-access-to-swedish-research.html. live.
  171. Web site: 關於Elsevier資料庫合約談判 CONCERT聲明. 27 December 2016. 27 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161227130414/https://concert.stpi.narl.org.tw/news/249. live.
  172. Web site: Taiwan Tech to Discontinue Subscription to Elsevier ScienceDirect Starting 2017 - NTUST Library. 27 December 2016. 27 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161227062141/https://library.ntust.edu.tw/files/14-1025-58346,r1-1.php?Lang=en. dead.
  173. Web site: Asia Advances Open Access Research. Schmitt. Jason. 30 March 2017. Huffington Post. 29 April 2017. 25 April 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170425061726/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/asia-advances-open-access-research_us_58dd0e6de4b0fa4c09598679. live.
  174. Web site: UC terminates subscriptions with world's largest scientific publisher in push for open access to publicly funded research. 28 February 2019. www.universityofcalifornia.edu. 6 March 2019. 5 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190305182059/https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/press-room/uc-terminates-subscriptions-worlds-largest-scientific-publisher-push-open-access-publicly. live.
  175. Web site: University of California terminates subscriptions to Elsevier. Yirka. Bob. 4 March 2019. phys.org. 6 March 2019. 6 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044640/https://phys.org/news/2019-03-university-california-terminates-subscriptions-elsevier.html. live.
  176. News: The Real Cost of Knowledge. Zhang. Sarah. 4 March 2019. The Atlantic. 6 March 2019. 6 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043402/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/03/uc-elsevier-publisher/583909/. live.
  177. Web site: Why UC split with publishing giant Elsevier. Kell. Gretchen. Berkeley. U. C.. 6 March 2019. University of California. 12 June 2019. 28 May 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190528210826/https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/why-uc-split-publishing-giant-elsevier. live.
  178. Web site: University of California loses access to new journal articles published by Elsevier after research access fight. statnews.com. 10 July 2019. 10 July 2019. 10 July 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190710200028/https://www.statnews.com/2019/07/10/university-of-california-loses-access-to-new-journal-articles-published-by-elsevier-after-research-access-fight/. live.
  179. Web site: Upcoming Elsevier Cancellations. 9 April 2020 . University of North Carolina. 9 April 2020. 10 April 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200410022737/https://library.unc.edu/2020/04/upcoming-elsevier-cancellations/. live.
  180. News: Inside Highered. SUNY Cancels Big Deal With Elsevier. 13 April 2020. 16 April 2020. 21 September 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210921002922/https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2020/04/13/suny-cancels-big-deal-elsevier. live.
  181. Web site: SUNY Libraries Consortium (SLC). State University of New York Steps Away From the "Big Deal" with Elsevier. 7 April 2020. 16 April 2020. 18 April 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200418101851/http://slcny.libguides.com/slc/elsevier2020update. live.
  182. Web site: 18 April 2020. SUNY Negotiates New, Modified Agreement with Elsevier - Libraries News Center University at Buffalo Libraries. library.buffalo.edu. 6 December 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201206111125/https://library.buffalo.edu/news/2020/04/07/suny-negotiates-new-modified-agreement-with-elsevier/. live.
  183. Web site: MIT, guided by open access principles, ends Elsevier negotiations. 11 June 2020. 11 June 2020 . 22 September 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210922192025/https://news.mit.edu/2020/guided-by-open-access-principles-mit-ends-elsevier-negotiations-0611. live.
  184. News: McKenzie. Lindsay. MIT Ends Negotiations with Elsevier. 12 June 2020. Inside Higher Ed. 12 June 2020. 12 June 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612153424/https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2020/06/12/mit-ends-negotiations-elsevier. live.
  185. Web site: University of Michigan. 16 February 2022. www.elsevier.com. 16 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220216111934/https://www.elsevier.com/open-access/agreements/university-of-michigan. live.
  186. Web site: Індексація наукових журналів, що видаються на тимчасово окупованих територіях україни, є грубим порушенням законодавства України і міжнародного права – позиція МОН. mon.gov.ua. 22 July 2020. Ministry of Education of Ukraine. 4 September 2020. 12 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200812212027/https://mon.gov.ua/ua/news/indeksaciya-naukovih-zhurnaliv-sho-vidayutsya-na-timchasovo-okupovanih-teritoriyah-ukrayini-ye-grubim-porushennyam-zakonodavstva-ukrayini-i-mizhnarodnogo-prava-poziciya-mon. live.
  187. Web site: Lobbying Spending Database - RELX Group, 2017. Opensecrets.org. 30 August 2017. 30 August 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170830193339/https://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/clientsum.php?id=D000067394&year=2017. live.
  188. Web site: Federal Research Public Access Act (Alliance for Taxpayer Access). Taxpayeraccess.org. 25 March 2017. 24 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170324042933/https://www.taxpayeraccess.org/issues/frpaa/index.shtml. dead.
  189. News: Legislation to Bar Public-Access Requirement on Federal Research Is Dead. 27 February 2012. The Chronicle of Higher Education. 25 March 2017. 26 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170326052954/http://www.chronicle.com/article/Legislation-to-Bar/130949/. live.
  190. News: How Corporations Score Big Profits By Limiting Access To Publicly Funded Academic Research. 3 March 2013. ThinkProgress. 25 March 2017. 1 February 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180201075449/https://thinkprogress.org/how-corporations-score-big-profits-by-limiting-access-to-publicly-funded-academic-research-fcee09671b22/#.joxfvmi94. live.
  191. Web site: The Dangerous "Research Works Act". Richard. Price. TechCrunch. 15 February 2012 . 25 March 2017. 12 March 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130312102036/http://techcrunch.com/2012/02/15/the-dangerous-research-works-act/. live.
  192. News: Academics Want You to Read Their Work for Free. Hu. Jane C.. The Atlantic. 25 March 2017. 26 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170326052319/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/01/elsevier-academic-publishing-petition/427059/. live.
  193. Web site: Message on the Research Works Act. Elsevier. Elsevier.com. 25 March 2017. 26 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170326051344/https://www.elsevier.com/about/company-information/policies/message-on-the-research-works-act. live.
  194. News: Scientists' Victory Over the Research Works Act Is Like the SOPA Defeat. Kakaes. Konstantin. 28 February 2012. Slate. 25 March 2017. 1091-2339. 30 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170330205915/http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2012/02/28/research_works_act_elsevier_and_politicians_back_down_from_open_access_threat_.html. live.
  195. Web site: Elsevier withdraws support from Research Works Act, bill collapses. 28 February 2012. Boing Boing. 25 March 2017. 26 February 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170226100343/http://boingboing.net/2012/02/28/elsevier-withdraws-support-fro.html. live.
  196. News: Academic publishers have become the enemies of science. 16 January 2012. The Guardian. 26 March 2017. 0261-3077. 18 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210818054256/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/jan/16/academic-publishers-enemies-science. live.
  197. News: Elsevier, Wiley are getting PR advice from Eric Dezenhall. Transcription and Translation. 25 March 2017. 26 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170326135753/http://scienceblogs.com/transcript/2007/01/27/elsevier-wiley-are-getting-pr/. live.
  198. Dyer. Owen. 3 February 2007. Publishers hire PR heavyweight to defend themselves against open access. BMJ: British Medical Journal. 334. 7587. 227. 10.1136/bmj.39112.439051.DB. 0959-8138. 1790741. 17272546.
  199. Scientific Publishers Offer Solution to White House's Public Access Mandate. 4 June 2013. Science. 25 March 2017. 15 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220215075910/https://www.science.org/content/article/scientific-publishers-offer-solution-white-houses-public-access-mandate. live.
  200. News: "The Pit Bull Of Public Relations" - Bloomberg. 17 April 2006. Bloomberg.com. 25 March 2017. 7 April 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170407020817/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2006-04-16/the-pit-bull-of-public-relations. live.
  201. News: Muscle from Brussels as open access gets an €80bn boost. 17 May 2012. Times Higher Education (THE). 26 March 2017. 27 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170327081702/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/muscle-from-brussels-as-open-access-gets-an-80bn-boost/419949.article. live.
  202. Web site: Horizon 2020 to promote open access. 17 May 2012. Gowers's Weblog. 26 March 2017. 27 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170327080814/https://gowers.wordpress.com/2012/05/17/horizon-2020-to-promote-open-access/. live.
  203. Horizon 2020: A €80 Billion Battlefield for Open Access. 24 May 2012. Science. 26 March 2017. 29 June 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220629160856/https://www.science.org/content/article/horizon-2020-80-billion-battlefield-open-access. live.
  204. News: European Union links research grants to open access. 26 March 2017. 27 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170327174328/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2012/05/17/european-union-links-research-grants-open-access. live.
  205. News: Inside Higher Ed: Big push for open access. 26 February 2013. Times Higher Education (THE). 26 March 2017. 27 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170327080950/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/inside-higher-ed-big-push-for-open-access/2002057.article. live.
  206. News: Elsevier distances itself from open-access article. 22 May 2013. Times Higher Education (THE). 26 March 2017. 27 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170327081327/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/elsevier-distances-itself-from-open-access-article/2004055.article. live.
  207. News: How Corporations Score Big Profits By Limiting Access To Publicly Funded Academic Research. 3 March 2013. ThinkProgress. 26 March 2017. 1 February 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180201075449/https://thinkprogress.org/how-corporations-score-big-profits-by-limiting-access-to-publicly-funded-academic-research-fcee09671b22/#.u06x7x9zu. live.
  208. News: Hated Science Publisher Elsevier To Help EU Monitor Open Science - Including Open Access. Techdirt.. 5 April 2018. 5 April 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180405014800/https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20180402/09131239544/hated-science-publisher-elsevier-to-help-eu-monitor-open-science-including-open-access.shtml. live.
  209. Web site: Lykkja. Pål Magnus. Myklebust. Jan Petter. Open science in the EU – Will the astroturfers take over?. University World News. 13 April 2018. 17 March 2018. 18 March 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180318145545/http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20180317044918836. live.
  210. News: Elsevier lobbying UKRI last minute over funder's OA policy. 5 August 2021. Research Professional News. 5 August 2021. 5 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210805121159/https://www.researchprofessionalnews.com/rr-news-uk-open-access-2021-8-elsevier-lobbying-ukri-last-minute-over-funder-s-oa-policy/. live.
  211. News: 30 April 2018. Hybrid open access is unreliable. Ross Mounce. 20 February 2017. 20 June 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180620191427/http://rossmounce.co.uk/2017/02/20/hybrid-open-access-is-unreliable/. live.
  212. Web site: Elsevier: bumps on road to open access. Times Higher Education. 27 March 2014. 9 March 2015. Jump. Paul. 10 March 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150310222805/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/elsevier-bumps-on-road-to-open-access/2012238.article. live.
  213. Web site: Are commercial publishers wrongly selling access to openly licensed scholarly articles?. Creative Commons News. 13 March 2015. 14 March 2015. Vollmer. Timothy. 15 March 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150315032557/http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/45175. live.
  214. News: 1 May 2018. Elsevier Ramps Up Its War On Access To Knowledge. Techdirt. Mike Masnick. 12 April 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180412001756/https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20131218/00393725601/elsevier-ramps-up-its-war-access-to-knowledge.shtml. live.
  215. News: Peterson. Andrea. How one publisher is stopping academics from sharing their research. 6 January 2015. The Washington Post. 19 December 2013. 6 January 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150106141817/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-switch/wp/2013/12/19/how-one-publisher-is-stopping-academics-from-sharing-their-research/. live.
  216. News: Masnick. Mike. Elsevier Ramps Up Its War On Access To Knowledge. 6 January 2015. Techdirt. 20 December 2013. 12 April 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180412001756/https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20131218/00393725601/elsevier-ramps-up-its-war-access-to-knowledge.shtml. live.
  217. News: How one publisher is stopping academics from sharing their research. Washington Post. 26 March 2017. 19 November 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161119234726/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2013/12/19/how-one-publisher-is-stopping-academics-from-sharing-their-research/. live.
  218. Parr. Chris. Sharing is a way of life for millions on Academia.edu. Times Higher Education. 12 June 2014. 14 September 2015. 8 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230208173402/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/sharing-is-a-way-of-life-for-millions-on-academiaedu/2013839.article?nopaging=1. live.
  219. Howard. Jennifer. Posting Your Latest Article? You Might Have to Take It Down. The Chronicle of Higher Education. 6 December 2013. 14 September 2015. 8 September 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150908075810/http://chronicle.com/blogs/wiredcampus/posting-your-latest-article-you-might-have-to-take-it-down/48865. live.
  220. Mike Masnick SSRN accused of copyright crackdown, Techdirt.
  221. Web site: Elsevier v. Sci-Hub on the docket. Stephen Reid. McLaughlin. 18 March 2016. 28 June 2016. 27 June 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160627074218/http://www.stephenmclaughlin.net/2016/03/18/elsevier-v-sci-hub-on-the-docket/. live.
  222. Web site: Simba Information: Five Professional Publishing News Events of 2015 Signal Times Are A-Changin'. 17 December 2015. 28 June 2016. PR Newswire. 20 May 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160520230451/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/simba-information-five-professional-publishing-news-events-of-2015-signal-times-are-a-changin-300194611.html. live.
  223. Web site: About the resignation of the Journal of Informetrics Editorial Board. 15 January 2019. Reller. Tom. Elsevier Connect. 15 March 2019. 10 August 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190810004223/https://www.elsevier.com/connect/about-the-resignation-of-the-journal-of-informetrics-editorial-board. live.
  224. Web site: Q&A about Elsevier's decision to open its citations . Waltman . Ludo . Leiden Madtrics . . 22 December 2020 . 11 June 2021 . 10 June 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210610215701/https://leidenmadtrics.nl/articles/q-a-about-elseviers-decision-to-open-its-citation . live .
  225. Web site: 15 February 2022. ResearchGate must take down Elsevier articles, court rules. 15 February 2022. Research Professional News. 15 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220215160818/https://www.researchprofessionalnews.com/rr-news-europe-germany-2022-2-researchgate-must-take-down-elsevier-articles-court-rules/. live.
  226. Web site: Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy . ScienceDirect.com by Elsevier . 2 April 2024.
  227. Nicolò Omenetto . Greet de Loos . Elsevier/Spectrochimica Acta Atomic Spectroscopy Award 2002 . Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy . 20 September 2004 . 59 . 9 . 1335 . 10.1016/j.sab.2004.08.002 . 2004AcSpe..59.1335O .
  228. Web site: IBMS Society Awards . IBMS . 2 April 2024.
  229. Web site: Lins . Ana Luisa Maia . Awards recognize women scientists in Brazil . elsevier.com . 24 May 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140524163055/http://www.elsevier.com/connect/awards-recognize-women-scientists-in-brazil . 24 May 2014 . dead . 2 April 2024.
  230. Web site: OWSD-Elsevier Foundation Awards for Early-Career Women Scientists in the Developing World . The Elsevier Foundation . 20 February 2020 . 2 April 2024.
  231. Web site: Awards . OWSD . 23 May 2014 . 2 April 2024.
  232. Web site: Our winners . The Elsevier Foundation . 22 March 2024 . 2 April 2024.
  233. Web site: Elsevier Acquires Syngress Publishing. 14 June 2021. 14 June 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210614025811/https://www.elsevier.com/about/press-releases/corporate/elsevier-acquires-syngress-publishing. live.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Elsevier".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.