Elliot Rodger effect explained

The effects of the 2014 Isla Vista killings is the legacy and impact of the 2014 Isla Vista killings, which occurred on May 23, 2014 at Isla Vista, California. Elliot Rodger and his murder spree and manifesto brought the incel community to mainstream attention, with him having been praised by young men around the world who identify as incels by describing Rodger as being a martyr or hero.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Radical incels refer to him as a "saint" and see him as a "hero", celebrating "Saint Elliot Day" on the anniversary of his attacks.[7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] Incels also refer to Rodger as "E.R.", and his mass killings have inspired copycat crimes.[13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] Rodger is frequently cited as an influence by incels involved in or suspected of other mass killings, often referring to their attacks as "going E.R."[19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] The media and academia have since described Rodger as the author of the modern incel ideology.[25]

Background

See main article: 2014 Isla Vista killings. On May 23, 2014, 22-year-old Elliot Rodger killed six people and injured fourteen others by using knives, semi-automatic pistols and his car in Isla Vista, California, near the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB). Rodger first killed his two roommates and their friend in the apartment they shared, ambushing and stabbing them one at a time as they arrived. Hours later, he drove to a sorority house, intending to murder its occupants. Unable to enter, Rodger shot at three women walking outside the sorority house, killing two. He later drove by a nearby delicatessen, shooting and killing a man inside.

Afterward, Rodger went around Isla Vista, shooting indiscriminately and ramming into pedestrians with his BMW. He exchanged gunfire with sheriff's deputies twice, the latter occurrence resulted in Rodger getting shot in his hip. Shortly after, he crashed his vehicle into a parked car. As police looked around the vehicle, they found Rodger dead from a self-inflicted gunshot wound to his head. Before starting his attacks, Rodger uploaded a YouTube video in which he detailed his intentions of "punish[ing]" women for their lack of interest in him, as well as the men whom they were attracted to. He also e-mailed a 137-page manifesto—where he detailed his major life events, personal struggles, and frustrations with having remained a virgin his entire life—to several of his family members, acquaintances, and therapists.

Responses

After the attacks, PUAHate closed its forums, mentioning that it was "for maintenance". However, it was then permanently shut down, causing its members to go to other chatrooms and forums.[26] [27] [28] [29] Men on social media and in the comments on Rodger's YouTube videos, empathized with Rodger's views and difficulties, with some suggesting that being ignored by women was a valid reason for committing murder against them.[30] [31] A Facebook page named "Elliot Rodger Is an American Hero" was created, calling on men to share their thoughts and pay tribute to Rodger for what was described as his "ultimate sacrifice in the struggle against feminazi ideology."[32] The page also shared Rodger's "Retribution" video, with several commentators expressing support for his quest for vengeance against women.[33] Activists reported the page for promoting hate speech, harassment, and violence, and initiated a campaign on Twitter encouraging others to report the page to Facebook.[34] Facebook's response was that the page did not infringe upon its community standards, leading to widespread criticism on Twitter.[34] [35] Ultimately, the page was deactivated, with Facebook citing its Statement of Rights and Responsibilities as the rationale for the decision.[34] [36]

Twitter hashtags

Following the misogynistic nature of Rodger's crimes and the identification of his hatred for women as a motivating factor, some Twitter users employed the hashtag

  1. NotAllMen
to express that "not all men" behave in such a manner or would commit similar acts.[37] Other users believed the attacks were not misogynistic because Rodger killed more men than women.[38] [39] The hashtag faced criticism for diverting attention away from the broader issue of the dangers against women.[40] [41] In a bid to shift the focus back to the issues of misogyny and sexism experienced by women, two Twitter users introduced the hashtag
  1. YesAllWomen
, highlighting that all women endure sexism and misogyny.[42] Within just four days of its inception, the #YesAllWomen hashtag had been used 1.2 million times on Twitter, quickly eclipsing previous hashtags that aimed to spotlight violence and sexism against women.[43]

Lawsuits

In March 2015, Hong, Wang, and Chen's parents filed a civil rights lawsuit against Santa Barbara County, the Sheriff's department, Capri Apartments, and the property management company claiming negligence and breaches of the victims' constitutional right to due process.[44] [45] [46] They claimed that since Rodger moved into the Capri Apartments in 2011, he insulted and fought with a lot of his roommates and displayed odd behavior, but the apartment owners failed to conduct reasonable background checks before assigning Hong and Wang as his roommates and failed to warn them that Rodger had had serious conflicts with his previous roommates.[47] They also contended that the county and its Sheriff's Department violated their rights to due process by ignoring repeated "red flags" that Rodger was violent and unstable, even after a mental health worker saw YouTube videos that Rodger had posted and contacted authorities to say that Rodger appeared to be a danger to himself and others.[48]

U.S. District Judge John F. Walter removed Santa Barbara County and the Sheriff's department from the lawsuit on October 28, 2015, determining that the county had not infringed upon their constitutional rights under federal law and that the Sheriff's department did not act neglectfully, nor did their procedures or guidelines contribute to the harm they suffered. The judge concluded that the victim's parents failed to sufficiently demonstrate a violation of their due process rights, and although the judge dismissed the state-law claims within the lawsuit, he allowed for the claims to be re-submitted. The victim's parents proceeded to file their claims again on November 20, 2015, in state court.[49] Capri Apartments and the property management company sought to have the lawsuit dismissed, but their motion was denied in February 2017. By May 2017, a trial date was scheduled for September 15 of the same year.[50] The lawsuit was later settled nearly a week and a half before the trial was to start. Despite the property management company's denial of a settlement, an attorney for the victim's parents asserted a settlement was reached but said it was "confidential". The Santa Barbara Independent claimed that a settlement of $20 million was reached.[51]

In June 2015, the cyclist who was struck by Rodger's vehicle and subsequently handcuffed filed a civil lawsuit against Santa Barbara County, Rodger's parents, and the University of California, Santa Barbara, citing negligence, false imprisonment, and civil rights infringements for not giving him immediate medical attention after getting hit. The lawsuit contended that both campus police and the Santa Barbara Sheriff's Department did not adequately investigate Rodger despite his release of several YouTube videos indicating his potential threat to others. Additionally, it was argued that Rodger's parents were negligent in allowing their mentally unstable son access to a BMW.[52] [53] [54]

Misogyny

The attack sparked discussion of broader issues of violence against women and misogyny.[55] [56] According to the International Centre for Counter-Terrorism at the Hague, Rodger's attacks were an act of misogynist terrorism.[57] The US Secret Service described it as "misogynistic extremism".[58] Writer M.E. Williams objected to Rodger being labeled the "virgin killer", saying that implies that "one possible cause of male aggression is a lack of female sexual acquiescence".[59] Amanda Hess, writing for Slate, argued that although Rodger killed more men than women, his motivations were misogynistic because his reason for hating the men he attacked was that he thought they stole the women he felt entitled to.[38] Writing for Reason, Cathy Young countered with "that seems like a good example of stretching the concept into meaninglessness – or turning it into unfalsifiable quasi-religious dogma" and wrote that Rodger also wrote many hateful messages about other men.[60]

Film critic Ann Hornaday of The Washington Post attributed the attacks to Hollywood's "sexist movie monoculture," which she claimed was largely produced by white men.[61] [62] [63] She criticized American actor Seth Rogen and American director Judd Apatow, stating that Rogen's role in the 2014 movie Neighbors and Apatow's directing encouraged "outsized frat-boy fantasies", making people like Rodger feel "unjustly shut out of college life that should be full of 'sex and fun and pleasure'."[64] [65] [66]

Gun control and mental health

The attacks renewed calls for gun control and improvements in the American health care system.[67] Sheriff Bill Brown blamed Rodger's actions and the subsequent attacks on shortcomings in the mental health treatment system. He pointed out a widespread shortfall in resources for community mental health care and criticized the inadequate communication from healthcare professionals regarding individuals who exhibit suicidal or homicidal thoughts.[68] Several legislators in California demanded an evaluation of the interaction between the deputies and Rodger on April 30,[69] with the FBI launching an investigation on how the Sheriff's Office handled the situation.[70] The deputies did not consult the California gun ownership database, which already showed Rodger's purchase of at least two handguns.[69] They also did not examine the YouTube videos that led Rodger's parents to reach out to them.[71] Subsequently, the Sheriff's Office concluded that the responding deputies followed all rules and conducted themselves professionally, in alignment with both state law and departmental guidelines. Despite California being one of the most strict states in the United States with gun laws, Rodger, who despite having undergone several years of psychiatric treatment, passed all necessary background checks. Because he had neither been institutionalized for mental health issues nor possessed a criminal history, he was able to purchase all three firearms.[72] In California, at the time, undergoing mental health treatment did not disqualify people for applying for firearms. Furthermore, even when Rodger's parents alerted the police to his threats on YouTube, the absence of an immediate threat meant the police lacked the authority to search his apartment, search the gun registry, or confiscate any firearms without a warrant based on probable cause.[73] Democratic Senator Richard Blumenthal from Connecticut advocated for the reinstatement of gun-control measures previously declined by Congress following the 2012 Sandy Hook school shooting, suggesting such legislation might have prevented the shooting spree.[74] Blumenthal emphasized the necessity to refocus gun-control initiatives around mental health issues, highlighting the urgent need for enhanced resources to support individuals with mental illnesses.[75] [76] In his address, Michaels-Martinez's father attributed the attacks to the "craven, irresponsible" actions of politicians and the National Rifle Association (NRA), accusing the NRA of prioritizing gun rights above public safety.[77] [78] [79] Subsequently, Martinez said he wanted members of Congress to stop calling him to offer condolences for his son's death and appealed to the public to unite with him in "demanding immediate action" on gun control from Congress members.[80] Additionally, he extended his sympathies towards the parents of Rodger.[81] Timothy F. Murphy, a Pennsylvania Representative and clinical psychologist, presented his bipartisan mental health reform as a solution and called on Congress to enact it.[82] [83] Santa Barbara Assemblymembers Das Williams and Nancy Skinner introduced legislation that would allow law enforcement, close relatives, or roommates to request a court order for the confiscation of firearms from individuals deemed a serious risk to themselves or others.[84] [85] State Senator Hannah-Beth Jackson also proposed a bill enforcing officers consult a state firearms registry during assessments of potential threats to personal or public safety.[86] Jackson's bill received unanimous Senate approval in August 2014.[87] While Williams and Skinner's bill successfully passed through both legislative chambers, it faced opposition from the National Rifle Association and other groups advocating for Second Amendment rights, who launched statewide robocall campaigns against it. Williams highlighted the external origin of the calls and maintained that the legislation received significant bipartisan support.[88] Governor Jerry Brown ultimately signed both bills into law in September 2014,[89] <

Inspired incidents

Rodger's killing spree inspired numerous copycat killings, including:

20-year-old Armando Hernandez Jr. opened fire on May 20, 2020, at Westgate Entertainment District, a mixed-use development in Glendale, Arizona, before being arrested by police. A 19-year-old man was critically injured, while a 30-year-old woman and a 16-year-old girl suffered minor injuries. According to the Maricopa County prosecutor, Hernandez idolized and had sympathy for Elliot Rodger, in his police interview He stated that he viewed Rodger as "a god."[107] Hernandez identified himself as an incel and claimed he wanted to target couples and shoot at least ten people. The prosecutor said, "Mr. Hernandez is a self-professed incel ... He was taking out his anger at society, the feeling that he has been bullied, the feeling that women didn't want him". The prosecutor also alleged that Hernandez sent a video of the attack to a woman he wished to impress.

Attempted copycats

Between January and, five self-identified incels were arrested in separate incidents in North America for killing or planning to kill women. Among them was Cole Carini, a man who was charged with making false statements to law enforcement in June 2020 after claiming serious injuries to his hands had been caused by a lawnmower accident. Police alleged that Carini was actually injured while trying to make a bomb, and that he had written a note threatening violence against women and referencing Elliot Rodger.[109]

In April 2021, Malik Sanchez, a 19-year-old self-described incel who praised Elliot Rodger,[110] was arrested on federal charges after allegedly videotaping himself approaching women sitting outside a restaurant in Manhattan, New York and telling them he was going to detonate a bomb.[111] The man had previously been arrested several times for harassing others, often while recording or livestreaming, and for multiple assaults with pepper spray.[112]

In July 2021, a 21-year-old self-identified incel from Ohio Identified as Tres Genco was charged with attempting a hate crime and illegally possessing a machine gun. The man was a frequent poster on a popular incel website, where he wrote posts venerating Elliot Rodger. He wrote a manifesto in which he expressed his desire to "slaughter" women, and in another document he allegedly wrote about his goals to kill 3,000 people in a mass casualty attack.[113]

In popular culture

Rodger and his attacks would be featured in or would inspire numerous works which include:

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Men's Rights Activists Discover Photo of Elliot Rodger's Sister — Their Reaction Will Haunt You. Cosmopolitan. Shrayber. Mark. May 31, 2014. August 10, 2024.
  2. Web site: Twitter responds to 'Virgin Killer', Elliot Rodger's massacre. News24. Radloff. Lili. May 26, 2014. August 16, 2024.
  3. The online incel movement is getting more violent and extreme, report says. The Washington Post. Lorenz. Taylor. September 23, 2022. May 16, 2024. February 26, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240226211303/https://www.the-independent.com/news/world/americas/crime/david-kaufman-elliot-rodger-incel-stalker-b2058474.html. live.
  4. Web site: Stalker who worshipped incel killer Elliot Rodger sentenced to 30 months prison. The Independent. Hurley. Bevan. April 14, 2022. May 16, 2024. February 26, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240226211303/https://www.the-independent.com/news/world/americas/crime/david-kaufman-elliot-rodger-incel-stalker-b2058474.html. live.
  5. Web site: Killer Incels: How Misogynistic Men Sparked a New Terror Threat. Vice News. May 31, 2022. March 8, 2024. March 5, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240305155509/https://www.vice.com/en/article/bvnw3d/incels-elliot-rodger-misogyny-far-right. live.
  6. Web site: Inside The Secret World Of Incels – The Men Who Want To Punish Women. Refinery29. Gil. Natalie. July 19, 2015. May 17, 2024. December 13, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231213190220/https://www.refinery29.com/en-gb/2019/07/237264/inside-the-secret-world-of-incels-bbc-three. live.
  7. Chan . Esli . July 2023 . Technology-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence, Hate Speech, and Terrorism: A Risk Assessment on the Rise of the Incel Rebellion in Canada . Violence Against Women . en . 29 . 9 . 1687–1718 . 10.1177/10778012221125495 . 1077-8012 . 10248308 . 36226437 . Saint Elliot is a description of Rodger as a martyr due to his violent actions (Squirrel, 2018). A word frequency search of Saint Elliot reveals 25 occurrences within incels.co; a word tree query on Saint Elliot reveals that conversations featured the adoration and justification of his actions. Incels.co members also celebrated a “Happy Saint Elliot's Day” on May 23, the date of his shooting, favoring Rodger's actions. As a result, the term “Saint Elliot” is assigned to VERA-2's Glorification of Violent Action risk factor as it is as a term of adoration of incel-inspired violence against women..
  8. Web site: When a Mass Murderer Has a Cult Following. The Cut. Futrelle. David. April 27, 2018. March 8, 2024. May 6, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180506145559/https://www.thecut.com/2018/04/incel-meaning-rebellion-alex-minassian-elliot-rodger-reddit.html. live.
  9. Web site: What does the term 'incel' mean?. CNN. Willingham. AJ. March 16, 2023. May 17, 2024. February 13, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240213103633/https://www.cnn.com/2023/03/16/us/incel-involuntary-celibate-explained-cec/index.html. live.
  10. Web site: Andrew Tate, incels and the manosphere - how the internet is radicalising young men. Manchester Evening News. Mwamba. Ramazani. January 8, 2023. May 17, 2024. April 5, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230405102245/https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/world-news/andrew-tate-incels-manosphere-how-25905500. live.
  11. Web site: Now Elliot Rodger Has Been Called A Hero On Men’s Rights Activist Websites. Grazia. Wilkinson. Sophie. May 28, 2014. August 14, 2024.
  12. Web site: The alt-right is creating its own dialect. Here's the dictionary. Quartz. Sonnad. Nikhil. Squirrell. Tim. October 30, 2017. August 16, 2024.
  13. Web site: Why I Spent Two Years Investigating a Notorious Mass Shooting. Follman. Mark. Mother Jones. May 16, 2024. May 16, 2024. May 16, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240516192227/https://www.motherjones.com/criminal-justice/2024/05/investigating-elliot-rodger-incels-isla-vista-threat-assessment/. live.
  14. Web site: Should TV News Show Elliot Rodger's Video?. The Daily Beast. Grove. Lloyd. May 27, 2014. May 8, 2024. July 1, 2023. https://archive.today/20230701153258/https://www.thedailybeast.com/should-tv-news-show-elliot-rodgers-video. live.
  15. Web site: A University Student Has Been Arrested After Threats To Copy Elliot Rodger's Massacre. Grazia. Wilkinson. Sophie. September 3, 2014. May 8, 2024. May 9, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240509034741/https://graziadaily.co.uk/life/real-life/university-student-arrested-threats-copy-elliot-rodger-kill-women/. live.
  16. Web site: Mass murderers want glory and fame. Somehow, we need to stop giving it to them.. Vox. Klein. Ezra. May 25, 2014. May 8, 2024. December 9, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231209180051/https://www.vox.com/2014/5/25/5749416/don-t-give-elliot-rodger-in-death-the-fame-he-wanted-in-life. live.
  17. Web site: California shooting: Police investigating Elliot Rodger killing spree 'worried about copycat attacks'. Daily Mirror. Bucktin. Christopher. May 26, 2014. May 8, 2024. February 7, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207040234/https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/california-shooting-police-investigating-elliot-3610929. live.
  18. Web site: 'Everything Elliot Did Is Perfectly Justified': Disturbed UW College Student, Vocal In Fondness For Elliot Rodger, Arrested For Cyberstalking. Radar Online. June 17, 2014. August 17, 2024.
  19. Web site: 'We Need To Recognise Misogynistic Extremism For What It Really Is – Terrorism'. Grazia. Bates. Laura. April 15, 2024. May 16, 2024. May 15, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240515074709/https://graziadaily.co.uk/life/in-the-news/sydney-attacks-misogyny-terrorism/. live.
  20. Web site: New report investigates the emotional life of incels. UnHerd. Billot. James. February 9, 2023. May 16, 2024. February 26, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240226054021/https://unherd.com/newsroom/new-report-investigates-the-emotional-life-of-incels/. live.
  21. Web site: Who Was Elliot Rodger? Alek Minassian Referenced Killer In Facebook Post. Inverse. Lisa Scott. Grace. April 25, 2018. August 14, 2024.
  22. Web site: What Do Female Incels Really Want?. The Atlantic. Tiffany. Kaitlyn. May 12, 2022. August 16, 2024.
  23. Web site: Father of mass shooter Elliot Rodger 'very sad' Toronto attacker was inspired by his son. New York Daily News. Dillon. Nancy. Cullen. Terrence. April 25, 2018. August 16, 2024.
  24. Web site: What the Mom of This Mass Shooter Can Teach Us. Newser. Gastaldo. Evann. June 1, 2024. June 8, 2024.
  25. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-43892189
  26. Web site: The Pick-Up Artist Community's Predictable, Horrible Response to a Mass Murder. Slate. Hess. Amanda. May 24, 2014. May 6, 2024. April 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240421234933/https://slate.com/human-interest/2014/05/elliot-rodger-the-pick-up-artist-communitys-predictable-horrible-response-to-a-mass-murder.html. live.
  27. Web site: Elliot Rodger's Online Life Provides a Glimpse at a Hateful Group of 'Anti-Pick-up Artists'. Vice. McGuire. Patrick. May 26, 2014. May 6, 2024. April 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240421092600/https://www.vice.com/en/article/znwz53/elliot-rodgers-online-life-provides-a-glimpse-at-a-hateful-group-of-pick-up-artists. live.
  28. The Sexist Pseudoscience of Pick-Up Artists: The Dangers of 'Alpha Male' Thinking. The New Republic. Steadman. Ian. June 6, 2014. May 6, 2024. May 2, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200502191611/https://newrepublic.com/article/118036/sexist-pseudoscience-alpha-male-pick-artists. live.
  29. Web site: The extreme misogyny of 'pick-up artist' hate. BBC News. May 31, 2014. May 6, 2024. June 6, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190606152636/https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-27640474. live.
  30. Web site: Why Elliot Rodger is being linked to the men's rights movement. The Daily Dot. Baker-Whitelaw. Gavia. May 25, 2014. March 8, 2024. March 9, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240309035808/https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/elliot-rodger-mens-rights-activists/. live.
  31. Web site: The Danger of Incels—and How We Shift the Thinking of Men Attracted to These Groups. Ms.. Emezue. Chuka. April 9, 2023. May 17, 2024. March 24, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240324190215/https://msmagazine.com/2023/04/09/incel-violence-women-misogyny-white-supremacy-online/. live.
  32. Web site: Facebook removes page glorifying Isla Vista killer. The Guardian. Hern. Alex. May 26, 2014. March 8, 2024. March 10, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240310081139/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/may/26/facebook-removes-page-glorifying-isla-vista-killer. live.
  33. Web site: In killer's world, victims get blamed. CNN. Lindin. Emily. May 28, 2014. March 8, 2024. March 10, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240310081139/https://www.cnn.com/2014/05/27/opinion/lindin-misogyny-rodger-killings/index.html. live.
  34. Web site: Elliot Rodger: Facebook removes page glorifying Isla Vista shooter. The Independent. Griffin. Andrew. May 28, 2014. March 8, 2024. March 10, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240310081140/https://www.independent.co.uk/tech/facebook-relents-to-remove-page-glorifying-isla-vista-killer-elliot-rodger-9435875.html. live.
  35. Web site: Facebook page glorifying Elliot Rodger removed. The Sydney Morning Herald. Rodriguez. Salvador. May 28, 2014. March 8, 2024. March 10, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240310081139/https://www.smh.com.au/world/facebook-page-glorifying-elliot-rodger-removed-20140528-zrq9j.html. live.
  36. Web site: Facebook removes fan pages glorifying California killer. USA Today. Lee. Jolie. May 28, 2014. March 8, 2024. March 10, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240310081139/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2014/05/27/eliot-rodger-facebook-youtube/9622951/. live.
  37. Web site: Elliot Rodger: Not All Men Hate Women - But If One Does, That's Enough. HuffPost. Thompson. Jessie. May 28, 2014. March 11, 2024. February 26, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240226214202/https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/jessie-thompson/elliot-rodger-not-all-men_b_5394396.html. live.
  38. Web site: "If I Can't Have Them, No One Will": How Misogyny Kills Men. Slate. Hess. Amanda. May 29, 2014. March 8, 2024. March 10, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240310081140/https://slate.com/human-interest/2014/05/elliot-rodger-hated-men-because-he-hated-women.html?pay=1710055726879&support_journalism=please. live.
  39. Web site: Elliot Rodger wasn't interested in women. Al Jazeera English. Thomas. Dexter. June 7, 2014. March 8, 2024. March 10, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240310081139/https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2014/6/7/elliot-rodger-wasnt-interested-in-women. live.
  40. Web site: Why #YesAllWomen took off on Twitter. CNN. Grinberg. Emanuella. May 27, 2014. March 11, 2024. February 26, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240226214202/https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/jessie-thompson/elliot-rodger-not-all-men_b_5394396.html. live.
  41. Web site:
    1. YesAllWomen
    . Slate. Plait. Phil. May 27, 2014. March 11, 2024. October 12, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181012115025/http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2014/05/27/not_all_men_how_discussing_women_s_issues_gets_derailed.html. live.
  42. Web site: Powerful Twitter response to Elliot Rodger's misogynistic bile. The Dallas Morning News. May 27, 2014. March 11, 2024. February 26, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240226214201/https://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/commentary/2014/05/28/powerful-twitter-response-to-elliot-rodgers-misogynistic-bile/. live.
  43. Web site:
    1. YesAllWomen: California rampage sparks Twitter response
    . BBC News. May 27, 2014. March 11, 2024. March 13, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240313055502/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-27565815. live.
  44. Web site: Families of Three Victims Killed by Elliot Rodger in Isla Vista File Wrongful-Death Lawsuit. Noozhawk. Bolton. Tom. March 2, 2015. March 10, 2024. March 10, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240310210606/https://www.noozhawk.com/families_of_3_killed_by_elliot_rodger_file_federal_lawsuit/. live.
  45. Web site: Roommates' Families Sue Sheriff's Department, Housing Company Over Isla Vista Massacre. KNBC. Cocca. Christina. March 3, 2015. March 10, 2024. March 10, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240310210602/https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/isla-vista-santa-barbara-rampage-lawsuit-apartment-victims/2084763/. live.
  46. Web site: Mother says rampage lawsuit filed to prevent tragedies. The San Diego Union-Tribune. Melley. Brian. March 3, 2015. March 10, 2024. March 10, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240310210601/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-parents-sue-county-landlord-over-santa-barbara-2015mar03-story.html. live.
  47. Web site: Families of Elliot Rodger's slain roommates sue sheriff's, apartment. Los Angeles Times. Ceasar. Stephen. March 3, 2015. March 10, 2024. March 10, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240310210601/https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-elliot-rodger-isla-vista-lawsuit-20150303-story.html. live.
  48. Web site: Victims' parents sue over Elliot Rodger rampage. USA Today. March 3, 2015. March 10, 2024. March 10, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240310210601/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/03/03/victims-parents-elliot-rodger/24302645/. live.
  49. Web site: UCSB Massacre Victims Turn to State Court. Courthouse News Service. Reynolds. Matt. December 1, 2015. March 10, 2024. March 10, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240310210606/https://www.courthousenews.com/ucsb-massacre-victims-turn-to-state-court/. live.
  50. Web site: Suit Against I.V. Shooter's Housing Complex Progresses. Daily Nexus. Ochoa. Jose. May 25, 2017. March 10, 2024. March 10, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240310210602/https://dailynexus.com/2017-05-25/suit-against-i-v-shooters-housing-complex-progresses/. live.
  51. Web site: Families of I.V. Shooting Victims Reportedly Receive $20 Million Settlement. Santa Barbara Independent. Welsh. Nick. September 21, 2017. March 10, 2024. March 10, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240310210601/https://www.independent.com/2017/09/21/families-i-v-shooting-victims-reportedly-receive-20-million-settlement/. live.
  52. Web site: Isla Vista rampage victim files lawsuit. Cal Coast News. June 27, 2015. March 10, 2024. March 11, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240311014827/https://calcoastnews.com/2015/06/isla-vista-rampage-victim-files-lawsuit/. live.
  53. Web site: Victim Sues Rampage Killer's Parents. Courthouse News Service. Reynolds. Matt. June 26, 2015. March 10, 2024. March 11, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240311014828/https://www.courthousenews.com/victim-sues-rampage-killers-parents/. live.
  54. Web site: Santa Barbara rampage victim sues killer"s parents. Santa Cruz Sentinel. Welsh. Nick. June 26, 2015. March 10, 2024. March 11, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240311014827/https://www.santacruzsentinel.com/2015/06/26/santa-barbara-rampage-victim-sues-killers-parents/. live.
  55. Web site: Laurie Penny on misogynist extremism: Let's call the Isla Vista killings what they were. New Statesman. Penny. Laurie. May 25, 2014. May 10, 2024. July 1, 2023. https://archive.today/20230701165505/https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2014/05/lets-call-isla-vista-killings-what-they-were-misogynist-extremism. live.
  56. Web site: Campus Killings Set Off Anguished Conversation About the Treatment of Women. The New York Times. Medina. Jennifer. May 26, 2014. May 10, 2024. May 27, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140527223031/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/27/us/campus-killings-set-off-anguished-conversation-about-the-treatment-of-women.html. live.
  57. Male Supremacist Terrorism as a Rising Threat . Alex . DiBranco . February 10, 2020 . International Centre for Counter-Terrorism . . No misogynist killer articulated the terroristic intention behind his selected target more clearly than 22-year-old Elliot Rodger, who set out on his 'War on Women' to 'punish all females for the crime of depriving me of sex.' The autobiography he left behind—which has been taken as a manifesto for the incel ideology—spells this out. . March 23, 2021 . April 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200420024236/https://icct.nl/publication/male-supremacist-terrorism-as-a-rising-threat/ . dead .
  58. United States Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center . March 2022 . Hot Yoga Tallahassee: a Case Study of Misogynistic Extremism . Department of Homeland Security . 4 . April 4, 2022 . April 4, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220404143827/https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21417518-secret-service-2018-yoga-class-shooting-case-study . live .
  59. News: The media scapegoating of Rodger's childhood crush. The Washington Post. Elizabeth Williams. Mary. May 27, 2014. May 10, 2024. May 29, 2014. https://archive.today/20140529165122/http://www.salon.com/2014/05/27/the_media_scapegoating_of_rodgers_childhood_crush/. live.
  60. Web site: Elliot Rodger's 'War on Women' and Toxic Gender Warfare. Reason. Young. Cathy. May 29, 2014. May 10, 2024. May 7, 2021. https://archive.today/20210507152804/https://reason.com/2014/05/29/elliot-rodgers-war-on-women-and-toxic-ge/. live.
  61. News: In a final videotaped message, a sad reflection of the sexist stories we so often see on screen. The Washington Post. Hornaday. Ann. May 25, 2014. May 10, 2024. August 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230810192649/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/in-a-final-videotaped-message-a-sad-reflection-of-the-sexist-stories-we-so-often-see-on-screen/2014/05/25/dec7e7ea-e40d-11e3-afc6-a1dd9407abcf_story.html. live.
  62. Web site: If Hollywood Movies Inspire Real-Life Violence, Then Why Are Teens Less Violent Than Ever?. Slate. Grose. Jessica. May 28, 2014. May 10, 2024. November 9, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201109014605/https://slate.com/human-interest/2014/05/ann-hornaday-on-elliot-rodger-judd-apatow-seth-rogen-and-sexist-movies-aren-t-to-blame-for-the-ucsb-murders.html. live.
  63. Web site: Killer virgin sparks a culture war. New York Post. O'Neill. Natalie. May 27, 2014. May 10, 2024. May 29, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140529154632/http://nypost.com/2014/05/27/rogen-apatow-slam-critic-who-blamed-them-for-elliot-rodger-rampage/. live.
  64. Web site: Seth Rogen Slams Film Critic for Article About Santa Barbara Shooting Rampage. The Hollywood Reporter. Emery. Debbie. May 26, 2014. May 10, 2024. July 3, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220703035911/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/seth-rogen-slams-film-critic-707117/. live.
  65. Web site: Elliot Rodger California shooting: Seth Rogen 'horrified' at suggestion his work inspired mass murderer's rampage against women. The Independent. Selby. Jenn. May 28, 2014. May 10, 2024. March 16, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240316201520/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/elliot-rodger-isla-vista-shooting-seth-rogen-horrified-at-critic-s-suggestion-his-work-inspired-mass-murderer-s-rampage-against-women-9437969.html. live.
  66. Web site: Film critic responds to outrage over linking Seth Rogen with Elliot Rodger. The Guardian. Beaumont-Thomas. Ben. May 28, 2014. May 10, 2024. May 9, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240509013302/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/may/28/ann-hornaday-responds-seth-rogen-judd-apatow-elliot-rodger. live.
  67. Web site: Elliot Rodger rampage shows gaps in mental health law. The Christian Science Monitor. R. Blood. Michael. Abdollah. Tami. May 29, 2014. March 9, 2024. March 10, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240310001826/https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Latest-News-Wires/2014/0529/Elliot-Rodger-rampage-shows-gaps-in-mental-health-law. live.
  68. Web site: Sheriff highlights mental-health shortcomings after California killings. The Guardian. Carroll. Rory. Pengelly. Martin. May 25, 2014. February 25, 2024. February 26, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240226112822/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/25/sheriff-mental-health-shortcomings-california-rampage. live.
  69. Web site: Deputies didn't view Elliot Rodger's videos in welfare check. Los Angeles Times. Mather. Kate. Winton. Richard. Flores. Adolfo. May 29, 2014. February 22, 2024. March 10, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240310001826/https://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-rodger-welfare-20140530-story.html. live.
  70. Web site: Could Elliot Rodger Have Been Stopped? FBI Investigating Santa Barbara Sheriff's Interactions With The Virgin Killer Prior To Shooting Spree. Radar Online. Heger. Jen. June 23, 2014. May 8, 2024. February 26, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240226112824/https://radaronline.com/exclusives/2014/06/fbi-investigation-santa-barbara-sheriff-elliot-rodger/. live.
  71. Web site: California authorities knew of but didn't view Elliot Rodger's videos. The Guardian. May 30, 2014. February 22, 2024. March 10, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240310001826/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/30/elliot-rodger-santa-barbara-police-knew-videos. live.
  72. Web site: Elliot Rodger's murderous rampage puts gun control back in spotlight as victim's father blames NRA. The National Post. May 26, 2014. March 9, 2024. April 30, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240430011514/https://nationalpost.com/news/elliot-rodgers-murderous-rampage-puts-gun-control-back-in-spotlight-as-victims-father-blames-nra. live.
  73. Web site: Fix mental health care or expect more killings. CNN. Robbins. Mel. June 2, 2014. March 9, 2024. March 10, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240310001826/https://www.cnn.com/2014/05/28/opinion/robbins-mental-health-rodger/index.html. live.
  74. Web site: May 25, 2014 . Senator keen to revive gun-control legislation after California killings . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240310001825/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/25/senator-gun-control-legislation-california-killings-richard-blumenthal . March 10, 2024 . March 9, 2024 . The Guardian.
  75. Stout . David . May 26, 2014 . Gun-Control Debate Heats Up Following California Shooting . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240310001825/https://time.com/115274/gun-control-santa-barbara/ . March 10, 2024 . . March 9, 2024.
  76. Web site: Frumin . Aliyah . May 25, 2014 . Sen. Blumenthal: It's time to revive the gun control debate . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210616043205/https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/richard-blumenthal-revive-gun-control-debate-msna336371 . June 16, 2021 . March 9, 2024 . MSNBC.
  77. Web site: LoGiurato . Brett . May 25, 2014 . Father Of Shooting Victim Angrily Rails Against NRA And 'Craven Politicians' In Emotional Press Conference . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240310001826/https://www.businessinsider.com/video-richard-martinez-nra-ucsb-shooting-2014-5 . March 10, 2024 . March 9, 2024 . Business Insider.
  78. Web site: Eleftheriou-Smith . Loulla-Mae . May 26, 2014 . California killings: Father of victim shot by Elliot Rodger blames 'irresponsible politicians and the NRA' for son's death . live . https://archive.today/20230701164909/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/california-killings-father-of-victim-shot-by-elliot-rodger-blames-irresponsible-politicians-and-the-nra-for-son-s-death-9432710.html . July 1, 2023 . March 9, 2024 . The Independent.
  79. Gopnik . Adam . May 25, 2014 . Christopher Michael-Martinez's Father Gets It Right . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240310001826/https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/christopher-michael-martinezs-father-gets-it-right . March 10, 2024 . . March 9, 2024.
  80. Web site: LoGiurato . Brett . May 27, 2014 . Father Of California Shooting Victim: 'I Don't Give A S— That You Feel Sorry For Me ... Get To Work And Do Something' . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240310001825/https://www.businessinsider.com/richard-martinez-ucsb-shooting-victim-nra-2014-5 . March 10, 2024 . March 9, 2024 . Business Insider.
  81. News: Kindy . Kimberly . May 27, 2014 . Father of victim in Santa Barbara shootings to politicians: 'I don't care about your sympathy.' . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210702205453/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/father-of-victim-in-santa-barbara-shootings-to-politicians-i-dont-care-about-your-sympathy/2014/05/27/8a030d10-e5ad-11e3-a86b-362fd5443d19_story.html . July 2, 2021 . March 9, 2024 . The Washington Post.
  82. Web site: May 27, 2014 . Dear Washington: take serious mental illness seriously. It's a matter of life and death . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240310001825/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/may/27/-sp-washington-mental-illness-legislation-elliot-rodger . March 10, 2024 . March 9, 2024 . The Guardian.
  83. Schulberg . Jessica . May 29, 2014 . Were the Isla Vista Killings Preventable? A GOP Congressman Thinks So, and He's Got Bipartisan Support. . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240310001826/https://newrepublic.com/article/117950/rep-tim-murphy-pushes-mental-health-bill-after-isla-vista-shooting . March 10, 2024 . . March 9, 2024.
  84. Web site: May 28, 2014 . Gun law proposed in California in wake of Elliot Rodger's killing spree . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240226213729/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/gun-law-proposed-in-california-in-wake-of-elliot-rodgers-killing-spree/ . February 26, 2024 . March 9, 2024 . CBS News.
  85. Web site: Gutierrez . Melody . May 27, 2014 . 'Gun violence restraining order' pushed after Isla Vista rampage . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240310001826/https://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/gun-violence-restraining-order-pushed-after-5508835.php . March 10, 2024 . March 9, 2024 . SFGate.
  86. Web site: Medina . Jennifer . May 28, 2014 . After Attack Near Campus, California Weighs Gun Bill . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240226213722/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/29/us/in-wake-of-mass-shooting-a-gun-bill-is-pushed-in-california.html . February 26, 2024 . March 9, 2024 . The New York Times.
  87. Web site: August 22, 2014 . Lawmakers Pass Bills On Guns And Ammo . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240310001825/https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/lawmakers-pass-bills-on-guns-and-ammo/ . March 10, 2024 . March 9, 2024 . CBS News.
  88. Web site: Welsh . Nick . September 2, 2014 . 'Elliot Rodger' Bills Pass Legislature . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240226213724/https://www.independent.com/2014/09/02/elliot-rodger-bills-pass-legislature/ . February 26, 2024 . March 9, 2024 . Santa Barbara Independent.
  89. Web site: Thompson . Don . September 30, 2014 . California gun restraining order may deter suicide . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240310001827/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-california-gun-restraining-order-may-deter-suicide-2014sep30-story.html . March 10, 2024 . March 9, 2024 . The San Diego Union-Tribune.
  90. News: Oregon Killer Described as Man of Few Words, Except on Topic of Guns . Healy . Jack . October 2, 2015 . The New York Times . Lovett . Ian . 0362-4331 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180409232214/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/03/us/chris-harper-mercer-umpqua-community-college-shooting.html . April 9, 2018 . limited.
  91. Book: Nagle, Angela . Kill All Normies: Online Culture Wars From 4Chan And Tumblr To Trump And The Alt-Right . 2017 . John Hunt Publishing . 978-1-78535-544-8 . Angela Nagle.
  92. News: Shapiro . T. Rees . Dewey . Caitlin . Caitlin Dewey Rainwater . Bernstein . Lenny . October 2, 2015 . Probe in college slayings peers into Web rants and possible religious rage . The Washington Post . https://web.archive.org/web/20180504155739/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/probe-in-college-slayings-peers-into-web-rants-and-possible-religious-rage/2015/10/02/d250007a-68ea-11e5-8325-a42b5a459b1e_story.html . May 4, 2018 . 0190-8286 . limited.
  93. Web site: Saint Elliot Rodger and the 'Incels' Who Canonize Him. Jezebel. Edwards. Stassa. April 27, 2018. March 8, 2024. March 10, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240310091449/https://www.jezebel.com/saint-elliot-rodger-and-the-incels-who-canonize-him-1825567815. live.
  94. News: Inside the Secret World of Incels: Misogyny, murder and cowardice. The Irish Times. Power. Ed. August 1, 2019. May 17, 2024. April 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240408052843/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/tv-radio-web/inside-the-secret-world-of-incels-misogyny-murder-and-cowardice-1.3973980. live.
  95. Web site: Van attack puts spotlight on violent sentiment in 'incel' community:expert. Canada's National Observer. Bresge. Adina. April 27, 2018. May 17, 2024. May 20, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220520112116/https://www.nationalobserver.com/2018/04/27/news/van-attack-puts-spotlight-violent-sentiment-incel-communityexpert. live.
  96. Web site: 'Hate is infectious': how the 1989 mass shooting of 14 women echoes today. The Guardian. Lindeman. Tracey. December 4, 2019. August 14, 2024.
  97. News: Toronto Danforth mass shooter's long dark obsession with death, violence and 'incel' ideology . National Post . June 21, 2019 . September 10, 2019.
  98. News: 17-year-old charged with 1st-degree murder after stabbing at Toronto massage parlour. Westoll. Nick. 25 February 2020. 20 May 2020. globalnews.ca.
  99. News: Deadly attack at Toronto erotic spa was incel terrorism, police allege. Bell. Stewart. 19 May 2020. 20 May 2020. globalnews.ca. Russell. Andrew. McDonald. Catherine.
  100. News: Homicide at Toronto massage parlour was an act of incel terrorism, police say. Bolsvert. Nick. 19 May 2020. 20 May 2020. CBC.ca.
  101. News: Massage parlour stabbing was act of 'incel' terrorism: RCMP. Herhalt. Chris. 19 May 2020. 22 May 2020. CP24.
  102. News: D'andrea. Aaron. 28 Feb 2020. Murder at 'erotic' North York spa prompts safety cries from advocates. Toronto Star. September 14, 2022. September 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220914203152/https://www.toronto.com/news/murder-at-erotic-north-york-spa-prompts-safety-cries-from-advocates/article_994b8358-97d8-5a0d-9c47-0620b4cc13f7.html. dead.
  103. News: Deadly attack at Toronto erotic spa was incel terrorism, police allege. Bell. Stewart. 19 May 2020. 20 May 2020. globalnews.ca. Russell. Andrew. McDonald. Catherine.
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  107. News: Westgate Shooting Suspect Was an 'Incel' Who Wanted to Kill Couples, Prosecutor Alleges. Newsweek. Daniel. Villarreal. May 21, 2020.
  108. News: Meyer . Matt . Powell . Tori B. . Vogt . Adrienne . Sottile . Zoe . Raine . Andrew . May 6, 2023 . May 6, 2023 Texas mall shooting news . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230507024955/https://www.cnn.com/us/live-news/allen-texas-mall-shooting-05-06-23/h_f3e25338cf6b8320f7ba94098a3b8815 . May 7, 2023 . May 7, 2023 . CNN.
  109. Web site: June 6, 2020 . Man's hand blown off; note references violence against women . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200606190406/https://apnews.com/4aede80947dc6faead4c49a3ea15c840 . June 6, 2020 . June 6, 2020 . The Associated Press.
  110. News: Crane-Newman . Molly . Manhattan incel 'Smooth Sanchez' gets no prison time for livestreamed bomb threat . February 6, 2024 . New York Daily News . April 6, 2022 . February 6, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240206170459/https://www.nydailynews.com/2022/04/06/manhattan-incel-smooth-sanchez-gets-no-prison-time-for-livestreamed-bomb-threat/ . live .
  111. Web site: Neumeister . Larry . April 14, 2021 . 'Incel' teen held without bail on federal bomb threat charge . April 28, 2021 . . April 28, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210428013123/https://apnews.com/article/new-york-bomb-threats-arrests-manhattan-2080251d9390401f387cfff16f6ef6bd . live .
  112. News: Jacobs . Shayna . April 14, 2021 . 'Incel' devotee in New York terrorized Manhattan diners with bomb hoax and pepper-sprayed several victims, feds say . The Washington Post . 0190-8286 . limited . April 28, 2021 . December 3, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221203201823/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/incel-bomb-hoax-manhattan/2021/04/14/022fe9e6-9d3c-11eb-b7a8-014b14aeb9e4_story.html . live .
  113. News: Diaz . Jaclyn . July 22, 2021 . Police Foiled An Ohio Incel's Plot To Kill Women In A Mass Shooting, Prosecutors Say . July 22, 2021 . . January 31, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240131142303/https://www.npr.org/2021/07/22/1019089834/police-foiled-an-ohio-incels-plot-to-kill-women-in-a-mass-shooting-prosecutors-s . live .
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  115. Web site: 'Law & Order: SVU' Recap 16×4: The Quest for Validation. live. Easton. Anne. October 16, 2014. The New York Observer. Observer Media. https://web.archive.org/web/20141019115200/http://observer.com/2014/10/law-order-svu-recap-16x4-the-quest-for-validation. October 19, 2014. November 20, 2019.
  116. Web site: Croll. Ben. Director Bertrand Bonello Explains the Shocking, Incel Inspiration for 'The Beast,' Starring Lea Seydoux, George MacKay (EXCLUSIVE). September 3, 2023. February 9, 2024. Variety. September 24, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230924032912/https://variety.com/2023/film/global/bertrand-bonello-incel-the-beast-lea-seydoux-george-mackay-1235712237/. live.
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