| Cabinet Name: | First Eshkol Cabinet |
| Cabinet Number: | 11th |
| Jurisdiction: | Israel |
| Flag: | Flag of Israel.svg |
| Flag Border: | true |
| Government Head: | Levi Eshkol |
| State Head: | Zalman Shazar |
| Legislature Status: | coalition |
| Political Parties: | Mapai National Religious Party Ahdut HaAvoda Poalei Agudat Yisrael Cooperation and Brotherhood Progress and Development |
| Previous: | 10th Cabinet of Israel |
| Successor: | 12th cabinet of Israel |
| Legislature Term: | 5th Knesset |
The eleventh government of Israel was formed on 26 June 1963, midway through the fifth Knesset. It was the first government formed by Levi Eshkol following the second resignation of David Ben-Gurion.
Eshkol kept the same coalition partners as previously, i.e. Mapai, the National Religious Party, Ahdut HaAvoda, Poalei Agudat Yisrael, Cooperation and Brotherhood and Progress and Development. There were few changes, with Eshkol replacing Ben-Gurion in the dual role of Prime Minister and Minister of Defense, Pinhas Sapir replacing Eshkol as Minister of Finance, and Abba Eban replacing Zalman Aran as Education Minister, as well as becoming the country's second Deputy Prime Minister. Eshkol presented it as a "government of continuity".[1] Deputy Ministers were appointed on 1 July.
The government resigned following the resignation of Eshkol on 14 December 1964. Eshkol had quit over a dispute with Ben-Gurion concerning the Lavon Affair, which Ben Gurion had demanded that the Supreme Court investigate. The twelfth government was formed a week later.
| Election Name: | Israeli government formation, 1963 |
| Country: | Israel |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Year: | 1961 |
| Next Year: | 1964 |
| Election Date: | 23 June 1963 |
| 1Blank: | Investiture vote - In favor |
| 2Blank: | Investiture vote - Against |
| 3Blank: | Investiture vote - Abstain |
| Nominee1: | Levi Eshkol |
| Party1: | Mapai |
| Electoral Vote1: | 68 |
| Percentage1: | 56.7% |
| Nominee2: | Menachem Begin |
| Party2: | Herut |
| Electoral Vote2: | 52 |
| Percentage2: | 43.3% |
| Prime Minister | |
| Before Party: | Mapai |
| After Election: | Levi Eshkol |
| After Party: | Mapai |
| Position | Person | Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prime Minister | Levi Eshkol | Mapai | ||
| Deputy Prime Minister | Abba Eban | Mapai | ||
| Minister of Agriculture | Moshe Dayan (until 4 November 1964) | Mapai | ||
| Haim Gvati (from 9 November 1964) | Not an MK 1 | |||
| Minister of Defense | Levi Eshkol | Mapai | ||
| Minister of Development | Yosef Almogi | Mapai | ||
| Minister of Education and Culture | Zalman Aran | Mapai | ||
| Minister of Finance | Pinchas Sapir | Mapai | ||
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Golda Meir | Mapai | ||
| Minister of Health | Haim-Moshe Shapira | National Religious Party | ||
| Minister of Housing | Yosef Almogi | Mapai | ||
| Minister of Internal Affairs | Haim-Moshe Shapira | National Religious Party | ||
| Minister of Justice | Dov Yosef | Not an MK 2 | ||
| Minister of Labour | Yigal Allon | Mapai | ||
| Minister of Police | Bechor-Shalom Sheetrit | Mapai | ||
| Minister of Postal Services | Eliyahu Sasson | Not an MK 3 | ||
| Minister of Religions | Zerach Warhaftig | National Religious Party | ||
| Minister of Trade and Industry | Pinhas Sapir | Mapai | ||
| Minister of Transportation | Yisrael Bar-Yehuda | Ahdut HaAvoda | ||
| Minister of Welfare | Yosef Burg | National Religious Party | ||
| Minister without Portfolio | Akiva Govrin (from 1 December 1963) | Mapai | ||
| Deputy Minister of Defense | Shimon Peres | Mapai | ||
| Deputy Minister of Education and Culture | Kalman Kahana | Poalei Agudat Yisrael | ||
| Aharon Yadlin (from 1 June 1964) | Mapai | |||
| Deputy Minister of Health | Yitzhak Rafael | National Religious Party | ||
| Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs | Shlomo-Yisrael Ben-Meir | National Religious Party | ||
1 Although Gvati was not an MK at the time, he later entered the Knesset as a member of the Alignment, a merger or Mapai and Ahdut HaAvoda.
2 Although Yosef was not an MK at the time, he was a member of Mapai.
3 Although Sasson was not an MK at the time, he was elected to the next Knesset as a member of the Alignment, an alliance of Mapai and Ahdut HaAvoda.