Elephantopus scaber explained

Elephantopus scaber is a tropical species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to tropical Africa, Eastern Asia, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and northern Australia. It has become naturalized in tropical Africa and Latin America. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]

Uses

Elephantopus scaber is used as a traditional medicine.[8] Different parts of the plant are used in traditional medicine of India as an astringent agent, cardiac tonic, and diuretic, and is used for eczema, rheumatism, fever, and bladder stones.[9] E. scaber modulates inflammatory responses by inhibiting the production of TNFα and IL-1β.[10]

Chemical constituents

Elephantopus scaber contains elephantopin which is a germacranolide sesquiterpene lactone containing two lactone rings and an epoxide functional group.[11] 17,19-Dihydrodeoxyelephantopin, iso-17,19- dihydro-deoxy elephantopin and 8-hydroxylnaringenin are the most important bioactive compounds responsible for anti-bacterial activity. By UPLC MS Q-TOF, 34 components were identified.[10]

Subspecies and varieties

Varieties of E. scaber include:[12]

Notes and References

  1. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200023877 Flora of China, 地胆草 di dan cao Elephantopus scaber Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 814. 1753.
  2. Web site: Atlas of Living Australia, Elephantopus scaber L. . 2015-06-20 . 2015-06-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150620202505/http://bie.ala.org.au/species/urn:lsid:biodiversity.org.au:apni.taxon:630174 . dead .
  3. Breedlove, D.E. 1986. Flora de Chiapas. Listados Florísticos de México 4: i–v, 1–246.
  4. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8108585#page/200/mode/1up Humbert, H. 1960. Composées. Fl. Madagasc. 189: 198-199
  5. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8108585#page/9/mode/1up Humbert, H. 1960. Composées. Fl. Madagasc. 189: plate I (1), figures 10-12 at right
  6. Jeffrey, C. 1988. Notes on Compositae: V. The Vernonieae in East Tropical Africa. Kew Bulletin 43(2): 195–277.
  7. Nelson, C. H. 2008. Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Honduras 1–1576. Secretaria de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Tegucigalpa.
  8. 1453704 . Aug 1992 . Poli, A . Nicolau, M . Simoes, Cm . Nicolau, Rm . Zanin, M . Preliminary pharmacologic evaluation of crude whole plant extracts of Elephantopus scaber. Part I: in vivo studies . 37 . 1 . 71–6 . 0378-8741 . Journal of Ethnopharmacology . 10.1016/0378-8741(92)90005-C .
  9. 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.018. 25083916. 4212005. Natural product agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ): A review. Biochemical Pharmacology. 92. 1. 73–89. 2014. Wang. Limei. Waltenberger. Birgit. Pferschy-Wenzig. Eva-Maria. Blunder. Martina. Liu. Xin. Malainer. Clemens. Blazevic. Tina. Schwaiger. Stefan. Rollinger. Judith M.. Heiss. Elke H.. Schuster. Daniela. Kopp. Brigitte. Bauer. Rudolf. Stuppner. Hermann. Dirsch. Verena M.. Atanasov. Atanas G..
  10. Abhimannue. Anu P.. Mohan. Mohind C.. B. Prakash Kumar. Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-1β Production in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Monocytes by Methanolic Extract of Elephantopus scaber Linn and Identification of Bioactive Components. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 13 February 2016. 179. 3. 427–443. 10.1007/s12010-016-2004-0. 26875087. 7097943.
  11. Antitumor activity of elephantopus scaber linn against dalton's ascitis lymphoma . https://archive.today/20120630160712/http://medind.nic.in/imvw/imvw282.html . dead . 2012-06-30 . Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences . Jan–Feb 2002 . 64 . 1 . 71–3 .
  12. http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-116229 The Plant List, Elephantopus scaber L.

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