El Socialista (newspaper) explained
El Socialista is a socialist newspaper published in Madrid, Spain. The paper is the organ of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).[1]
History and profile
El Socialista was established by Pablo Iglesias, founder of the PSOE, in Madrid,[2] and the first issue appeared on 12 March 1886.[3] [4] The paper is owned and published by the PSOE and its union, Union General de Trabajadores (UGT).[5] [6] The headquarters of the paper is in Madrid.[7]
It was started as a two-page publication.[8] In 1913 the paper began to be published daily.[3] In December 1935 the control of the paper was taken by the centrist group within the PSOE led by Indalecio Prieto as a result of the resignation of Francisco Largo Caballero from the presidency of the party.[9]
El Socialista was published weekly in the early 1970s.[10] The paper was closed during the rule of Francisco Franco.[5] However, El Socialista continued its publication clandestinely in that period.[11] In 1978 it resumed its regular publication.[5]
The paper is currently published monthly, while its online edition is active every day.
Contributors and editors
Miguel Unamuno and Santiago Carrillo were among the early contributors.[3] The paper was first directed by its founder Pablo Iglesias who held the post until 1913 when Mariano García Cortes began to edit it.[12] In 1914 Eduardo Torralba Beci was appointed editor-in-chief of El Socialista, replacing Cortes in the post.[12] [13] Torralba served in the post for one year, and Pablo Iglesias retook the paper and edited it until his death in 1925.[12]
Enrique Angulo, son-in-law of the socialist politician Ramón Lamoneda, also served as the director of the paper.[14] Another director was Andrés Saborit.[15] In the mid-1930s the editor was Julián Zugazagoitia.[16]
Content and circulation
El Socialista did not show enthusiasm about the communist revolution in Russia in 1917.[17] It even argued that the revolution was a departure from the significant obligation of Russia to defeat the German Empire.[17] The first supportive article about the revolution appeared in March 1918.[18] In the early 1930s El Socialista criticized the New Deal economic program of the USA.[19] With the rise of conservatism in Spain from 1933 the paper became one of the opposition publications criticizing the government.[20] Immediately after World War II El Socialista adopted an anti-Communist political stance and reported the political tenets of the PSOE.[21] In the 1940s and 1950s it supported the Zionist causes and was an ardent critic of the Arabs who were portrayed in a negative manner.[21] It also considered Egypt as "a miserable country."[21]
In 1949 El Socialista sold only 8,000 copies.[21]
Notes and References
- News: Alejandro López. Spanish mayor desecrates mausoleum of fascist victims. World Socialist Web Site. 24 February 2015. 17 August 2011.
- Primitivo R. Sanjurjo. Socialism in Spain. Current History. November 1923. 19. 2. 237–244. 45327311. 249071075. 10.1525/curh.1923.19.2.237.
- Book: David Ortiz. Paper Liberals: Press and Politics in Restoration Spain. 978-0-313-31216-8. 2000. Greenwood Publishing Group. 58. Westport, CT; London.
- Web site: El socialista órgano del Partido Socialista Obrero. University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries. 24 February 2015.
- Book: Laura Desfor Edles. Symbol and Ritual in the New Spain: The Transition to Democracy After Franco. 978-0-521-62885-3. 1998. Cambridge. 158. Cambridge University Press.
- Web site: Union General de Trabajadores (UGT). Spartacus Educational. 24 February 2015.
- Book: Gabriel Jackson. Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 1931-1939. 978-1-4008-2018-4. 555. 2012. Gabriel Jackson (Hispanist). Princeton University Press. Princeton, NJ.
- Book: Víctor Alba. The Communist Party in Spain. New Brunswick, NJ. 115. 1983. Transaction Publishers. 978-1-4128-1999-2.
- Sandra Souto Kustrín. Taking the Street: Workers' Youth Organizations and Political Conflict in the Spanish Second Republic. 148. European History Quarterly. 10.1177/0265691404042505. 144078009. April 2004. 34. 2.
- Web site: El socialista. Library of Congress. 5 September 2021.
- James Burns. The wrinkled new face of Spain. Index on Censorship. 1977. 6. 3. 5. 10.1080/03064227708532644. 144407982. free.
- News: Eduardo Montagut. Los inicios de El Socialista. El Obrero. 2 August 2022. es. 20 May 2022.
- Book: Paul Heywood. Marxism and the Failure of Organised Socialism in Spain, 1879-1936. Cambridge University Press. 2003. 978-0-521-53056-9. Cambridge. 32. Paul Heywood.
- Book: 1973. Patricia Weiss Fagen. Exiles and Citizens. Spanish Republicans in Mexico. University of Texas Press. 123. 10.7560/720022. Austin, TX. 9781477301685.
- Francisco Javier Rodriguez Jimenez. Trade Unionism and Spain-Us Political Relations, 1945-1953. 2016. 15. Ventunesimo Secolo. 8. 105. 10.3280/XXI2016-038006.
- Julius Ruiz. Defending the Republic: The García Atadell Brigade in Madrid, 1936. Journal of Contemporary History. 10.1177/0022009407071625. 159559553. 2007. 42. 1. 100.
- Paul Preston. The Origins of the Socialist Schism in Spain, 1917-31. 103. 1. Journal of Contemporary History. January 1977. 10.1177/002200947701200105. 12. 162423505. Paul Preston.
- Book: Paul Kennedy. The Spanish Socialist Party and the modernisation of Spain. 2013. Manchester University Press. Manchester; New York. 9781526102898. 17. Paul Kennedy .
- María Luz Arroyo Vázquez. 2005. 3. European views of the New Deal: The case of Spain. 10.1080/14794010608656827. Journal of Transatlantic Studies. 2. 229. 189946599 .
- Grant Daryl Moss. Political poetry in the wake of the Second Spanish Republic: Rafael Alberti, Pablo Neruda, and Nicolás Guillén. 33. MA. Ohio State University. 2010.
- Dario Migliucci. East conflict (1947–57): The portrayal of Israelis and Arabs in the Spanish left-wing press. Journal of Israeli History. 2019. 37. 197820300. 10.1080/13531042.2019.1623539. 1. 90,94,96.
