| Ejido | |
| Official Name: | San Buenaventura de Ejido |
| Pushpin Map: | Venezuela |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Type1: | State |
| Subdivision Type2: | Municipality |
| Subdivision Name1: | Mérida |
| Subdivision Name2: | Campo Elías Municipality |
| Established Title: | Founded |
| Established Date: | 14 July 1650 |
| Population As Of: | 2011 |
| Population Total: | 99,837 |
| Timezone: | VST |
| Coordinates: | 8.3333°N -71.4°W |
| Elevation M: | 1200 |
| Population Blank1 Title: | Demonym |
| Population Blank1: | Ejidense |
| Area Code: | 0274 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | 5111 |
| Blank Name: | Climate |
Ejido (pronounced as /es/) is a town in the state of Mérida, Venezuela. It is the shire town of the Campo Elías Municipality. It was founded in 1650 in an area with indigenous Guayabas, and became a center for cane sugar cultivation. It is close to the state capital, Mérida, Mérida, and forms part of its metropolitan area, with a total population of around 350,000. It is connected to Mérida by public transport, including the Mérida trolleybus system.
The history of Ejido, Mérida, Venezuela, is deeply intertwined with the broader historical and cultural development of the Mérida state and the Andean region of Venezuela. Here’s a detailed account of how Ejido emerged and evolved over time:
Pre-Colonial and Indigenous Era:
- Indigenous Inhabitants:Before the arrival of Spanish colonizers, the Andean region, including what is now Ejido, was inhabited by various indigenous groups, primarily the Timoto-Cuica people. They were known for their advanced agricultural practices, including terrace farming and irrigation systems, which were well-suited to the mountainous terrain.
Colonial Era (16th to 19th Century):
- Spanish Conquest: The Spanish conquest of the Andean region began in the mid-16th century. In 1558, Captain Juan Rodríguez Suárez founded the city of Mérida, which became the administrative and religious center of the region. This period marked the beginning of significant changes for the indigenous populations, as they were subjected to Spanish rule and conversion to Christianity.
- Establishment of Ejido: Ejido was founded in 1650 by Francisco de Cáceres, who was instrumental in the settlement of the region. The town was initially established as a rural community to support the growing city of Mérida. The name "Ejido" is derived from the Spanish word for "common land" or "pasture," reflecting its origins as an agricultural area.
- Agricultural Development: The fertile lands around Ejido were ideal for farming, and the town developed as an agricultural hub, producing crops such as corn, potatoes, and vegetables. Livestock farming also became an important part of the local economy.
19th Century - Independence and Post-Independence:
- Venezuelan War of Independence: During the early 19th century, Venezuela fought for independence from Spanish colonial rule. The Andean region, including Ejido, was affected by the conflict, which saw local participation in the struggle for independence.
- Post-Independence Growth: After gaining independence in 1821, Venezuela experienced significant social and economic changes. Ejido continued to grow as an agricultural center, benefiting from its proximity to the city of Mérida, which became a key educational and cultural hub.
20th Century - Modernization and Urbanization:
- Infrastructure Development: In the 20th century, Ejido saw improvements in infrastructure, including the construction of roads, public buildings, and services. These developments facilitated better connectivity with Mérida and other parts of the country.
- Urbanization: The latter half of the 20th century brought increased urbanization to Ejido, with population growth and expansion of residential areas. The town evolved from a primarily agricultural community to a more diverse urban center.
- **Education and Culture:** Ejido benefited from the educational and cultural influence of nearby Mérida, home to the prestigious University of the Andes (Universidad de Los Andes). The presence of the university contributed to the intellectual and cultural development of the region.
21st Century - Contemporary Ejido:
- Economic Diversification: In recent decades, Ejido has continued to diversify its economy. While agriculture remains important, commerce and tourism have grown significantly. The town's markets, shops, and services cater to both locals and visitors.
- Tourism and Natural Beauty: Ejido’s scenic location in the Andes makes it an attractive destination for tourists. The town serves as a gateway to natural attractions such as the Sierra Nevada National Park and various hiking and outdoor activities.
- Cultural Heritage: Ejido maintains a strong sense of cultural heritage, with festivals, traditional crafts, and local cuisine playing an integral role in community life.
Summary:
Ejido’s history is a rich tapestry of indigenous traditions, colonial influences, and modern developments. From its origins as an agricultural settlement supporting Mérida, Ejido has evolved into a vibrant town with a diverse economy and a strong cultural identity. Its picturesque setting in the Andean region continues to attract visitors and residents alike, making it an important part of Mérida state’s heritage.