Ein Qiniya Explained
Ein Qiniya |
Translit Lang1: | Arabic |
Translit Lang1 Type: | Arabic |
Translit Lang1 Info: | عين قينيا |
Translit Lang1 Type1: | Latin |
Translit Lang1 Info1: | Ayn Kiniya (official) Ein Qinya (unofficial) |
Type: | Local Development Committee |
Pushpin Map: | West Bank#Palestine |
Pushpin Map Caption: | Location of Ein Qiniya within Palestine |
Coordinates: | 31.9269°N 35.1489°W |
Grid Name: | Palestine grid |
Grid Position: | 164/148 |
Subdivision Type: | State |
Subdivision Name: | State of Palestine |
Subdivision Type1: | Governorate |
Subdivision Name1: | Ramallah and al-Bireh |
Established Title: | Founded |
Unit Pref: | dunam |
Population Footnotes: | [1] |
Population Total: | 721 |
Population As Of: | 2017 |
Population Density Km2: | auto |
Blank Name Sec1: | Name meaning |
Blank Info Sec1: | The crimson spring[2] |
Ein Qiniya or 'Ayn Kiniya (Arabic: عين قينيا) is a Palestinian village in the northern West Bank, located 7km (04miles) northwest of Ramallah and is a part of the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate. Ein Qiniya has existed since the Roman-era of rule in Palestine. The village is very small with no public structures or institutions and is governed by a local development committee. Ein Qiniya is regionally notable for being a spring and autumn time picnic resort.
There is an annual walk on March 4 from Ramallah to Ein Qiniyya in celebration of the spring.[3]
Location
'Ein Qiniya is located (horizontally) 5.5 km west of Ramallah. It is bordered by Ramallah to the east, Al-Zaitounah to the north, Al-Janiya and Deir Ibzi to the west, and Ein 'Arik and Beitunia to the south.[4]
Important Bird Area
A 1,500 ha site in the vicinity of the village has been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports a population of short-toed snake-eagles.[5]
History
A Middle Bronze Age tomb was discovered here in 1934.[6] Potsherds from the Hellenistic and Umayyad/Abbasid period have been found here. Conder and Kitchener, from the Palestine Exploration Fund (PEF), suggested the identification of Ein Qinniya with En Gannim, mentioned by third-century writer Eusebius as a village near Bethel.
Ein Qiniya has traditionally been identified with Ainqune of the Crusader era, one of the fiefs given by King Godfrey to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.[7] [8] However, Finkelstein writes that this identification should be reconsidered.[9] Potsherds from the Mamluk era have also been found here.[10]
During the Mamluk era, it was stipulated that the whole of the revenue from Ein Qiniya should go to the al-Tankiziyya in Jerusalem. The building was completed in 1328–29.[11]
Ottoman era
In 1517, the village was included in the Ottoman empire with the rest of Palestine, and in the 1596 tax-records it appeared as Ayn Qinya, located in the Nahiya of Jabal Quds of the Liwa of Al-Quds. The population was 32 households, all Muslim. They paid a tax rate of 33.3% on agricultural products, which included wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, vineyards and fruit trees, occasional revenues, goats and beehives; a total of 4,760 akçe. 1/3 of the income went to a waqf.[12] [13]
In 1838 it was noted as Ain Kinia, a Muslim village, located in the Beni Harith district, north of Jerusalem.[14]
An official Ottoman village list from about 1870 showed that Ain Kina had 54 houses and a population of 205, though the population count only included men.[15] [16]
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Ain Kanieh as "a village of moderate size on a ridge".[17]
In 1896 the population of Ain kinja was estimated to be about 135 persons.[18]
British Mandate era
In 1917, most of the village's inhabitants were evacuated by the British army on suspicion that residents killed a British officer. The residents were relocated to Beitunia and Yalo.[19] In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Ain Qinia had a population of 56, all Muslims.[20] This had increased in the 1931 census to 83, still all Muslims, in a total of 26 houses.[21]
In the 1945 statistics the population was 100, all Muslims,[22] while the total land area was 2,494 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[23] Of this, 1,276 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 569 for cereals,[24] while 19 dunams were classified as built-up (urban) areas.[25]
Jordanian era
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Ein Qiniya came under Jordanian rule.
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 235 inhabitants.[26]
1967 and after
Since the Six-Day War in 1967 Ein Qiniya has been under Israeli occupation.
After the 1995 accords 12.1% of village land was classified as Area B, the remaining 87.9% as Area C.[27]
Israel has confiscated 157 dunams of village land in order to construct the Israeli settlement of Dolev.[28]
In 1982, residents numbered 101, then after a mass migration of other Palestinians to the Ein Qiniya, the population rose to 464 in 1984.[29] According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, in 2006 it had a population of 807.[30] In the 2007 PCBS census, there were 817 people living in the village.[31] The village had a population of 721 by 2017.
Bibliography
- Book: Barron, J.B. . Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 . Government of Palestine . 1923.
- Book: Mamluk Jerusalem . 1987. Burgoyne, Michael Hamilton . 090503533X.
- Book: Conder. C.R.. Claude Reignier Conder. Kitchener. H.H.. Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener. 1882. The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. London. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. 2.
- Book: Conder. C.R.. Claude Reignier Conder. Kitchener. H.H.. Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener. 1883. The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. London. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. 3.
- Book: Finkelstein, I. . Israel Finkelstein. Lederman, Zvi. 1997. Highlands of many cultures . Tel Aviv. Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University Publications Section. 965-440-007-3.
- Book: First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population . Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics . 1964.
- Book: Village Statistics, April, 1945 . Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. 1945.
- Book: Hadawi, S.. Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Sami Hadawi. 1970. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
- Hartmann . M.. Martin Hartmann . Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871) . Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins . 6 . 102–149 . 1883.
- Book: Hütteroth . Wolf-Dieter . Kamal . Abdulfattah . Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century . 1977 . Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. 3-920405-41-2.
- Book: Mills, E.. Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas . Government of Palestine . Jerusalem . 1932.
- Book: Palmer, E.H.. Edward Henry Palmer. 1881. The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Book: Robinson. E.. Edward Robinson (scholar). Smith. E.. Eli Smith. 1841. Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Boston. Crocker & Brewster. 3.
- Book: Rosière, de. Cartulaire de l'église du Saint Sépulchre de Jérusalem: publié d'après les manuscrits du Vatican. 1849. Imprimerie nationale. Paris. la, fr.
- Röhricht, R.. Reinhold Röhricht . Studien zur mittelalterlichen Geographie und Topographie Syriens . Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins . 10 . 195–344 . 1887.
- Book: Röhricht, R. . Reinhold Röhricht. (RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI). 1893. Libraria Academica Wageriana. Berlin. la. (Röhricht, 1893, RRH, pp. 16-17, No 74)
- Schick . C.. Conrad Schick . Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem . Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins . 19 . 120–127 . 1896.
- Socin . A.. Albert Socin . Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem . Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins . 2 . 135–163 . 1879.
- Toledano . E. . Ehud R. Toledano . The Sanjaq of Jerusalem in the Sixteenth Century: Aspects of Topography and Population . Archivum Ottomanicum. 9. 279–319 . 1984.
External links
Notes and References
- February 2018 . Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 . Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) . . 64–82 . 2023-10-24.
- Palmer, 1881, p. 222
- http://info.jpost.com/2000/Supplements/Millennium/ccalendar.html Events Calendar
- http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/pdfs/vprofile/Ein%20Qiniya_vp_en.pdf 'Ein Qiniya Village Profile
- Web site: Ein Qinia. . 2021. BirdLife Data Zone. BirdLife International. 26 February 2021.
- Book: Finkelstein, Israel . Highlands of Many Cultures . Lederman . Zvi . Bunimovitz . Shlomo . Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University Publications Section . 1997 . 965-440-007-3 . Finkelstein . Israel . Jerusalem . 337 . Lederman . Zvi.
- de Roziére, 1849, p. 100
- Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 11
- Röhricht, 1887, p. 204; Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. 50, No 200; both cited by Finkelstein et al., 1997, p. 337
- Finkelstein et al., 1997, p. 337
- Burgoyne, 1987, p. 225
- Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 118
- Toledano, 1984, p. 289, has 'Ain Qinya located at 35°08′35″E 31°55′35″N
- Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 124
- Socin, 1879, p. 143. It was also noted to be in the Beni Harit district
- Hartmann, 1883, p. 125 noted 52 houses
- Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 295
- Schick, 1896, p. 123
- https://web.archive.org/web/20070315230039/http://www.jmcc.org/palculture/sites.htm Ein Qinya (The Spring of Qinya) - Ramallah
- Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramallah, p. 16
- Mills, 1932, p. 49
- Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 26
- Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 64
- Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 112
- Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 162
- Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 24
- http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/pdfs/vprofile/Ein%20Qiniya_vp_en.pdf 'Ein Qiniya Village Profile
- http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/pdfs/vprofile/Ein%20Qiniya_vp_en.pdf 'Ein Qiniya Village Profile
- http://www.palestineremembered.com/GeoPoints/_Ayn_Kiniya_583/index.html Welcome to 'Ayn Kiniya
- http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/populati/pop07.aspx Projected Mid -Year Population for Ramallah & Al Bireh Governorate by Locality 2004- 2006
- http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_PCBS/Downloads/book1487.pdf 2007 PCBS Census