Eid al-Adha explained

Holiday Name:Eid al-Adha
Official Name:Eid al-Adha
Observedby:Islam, Druze and Alawi[1]
Type:Islamic
Significance:
Begins:10 Dhu al-Hijja
Ends:13 Dhu al-Hijja
Date2018:21 August[2]
Date2019:11 August[3] [4]
Date2024:16 June - 20 June (Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan)[5]
16 June – 18 June (Saudi Arabia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Bangladesh)[6] [7] [8] [9]
17 June (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore)[10] [11] [12]
18 June - 20 June (United Kingdom, Brunei, Japan, Morocco)[13]
Date2025:6 June – 10 June[14]
Observances:Eid prayers, animal slaughter, charity, social gatherings, festive meals, gift-giving
Relatedto:Hajj
Eid al-Fitr
Celebrations:During the Eid al-Adha celebration, Muslims greet each other by saying 'Eid Mubarak', which is Arabic for "Blessed Eid".
Duration:3 days

Eid al-Adha is the second of the two main holidays in Islam alongside Eid al-Fitr. It falls on the 10th of Dhu al-Hijja, the twelfth and final month of the Islamic calendar. Celebrations and observances are generally carried forward to the three following days, known as the Tashreeq days.

Eid al-Adha is also sometimes called Eid II or "Greater Eid" (Arabic: العيد الكبير|al-ʿĪd al-Kabīr|links=no).[15] As with Eid al-Fitr, the Eid prayer is performed on the morning of Eid al-Adha, after which udhiyah, or the ritual sacrifice of sheep, may be performed. In Islamic tradition, it honours the willingness of Abraham to sacrifice his son as an act of obedience to God's command. Depending on the narrative, either Ishmael or Isaac are referred to with the honorific title "Sacrifice of God".[16] Pilgrims performing the Hajj typically perform the tawaf and saee of Hajj on Eid al-Adha, along with the ritual stoning of the devil on the Eid day and the following days.

Etymology

The Arabic word Arabic: عيد (Arabic: ʿīd) means 'festival', 'celebration', 'feast day', or 'holiday'. The word Arabic: عيد is a triliteral root (ʕ-y-d), with associated root meanings of "to go back, to rescind, to accrue, to be accustomed, habits, to repeat, to be experienced; appointed time or place, anniversary, feast day".[17] [18] Arthur Jeffery contests this etymology, and believes the term to have been borrowed into Arabic from Syriac, or less likely Targumic Aramaic.[19]

The holiday is called Arabic: عيد الأضحى (Arabic: Eid-al-Adha) or Arabic: العيد الكبير (Arabic: Eid-al-Kabir) in Arabic.[20] The words Arabic: أضحى (Arabic: aḍḥā) and Arabic: قربان (Arabic: qurbān) are synonymous in meaning 'sacrifice' (animal sacrifice), 'offering' or 'oblation'. The first word comes from the triliteral root Arabic: ضحى (Arabic: ḍaḥḥā) with the associated meanings "immolate; offer up; sacrifice; victimize".[21] No occurrence of this root with a meaning related to sacrifice occurs in the Qur'an[17] but in the Hadith literature. Assyrians and other Middle Eastern Christians use the term to mean the Eucharistic host. The second word derives from the triliteral root (Arabic: qaraba) with associated meanings of "closeness, proximity... to moderate; kinship...; to hurry; ...to seek, to seek water sources...; scabbard, sheath; small boat; sacrifice".[18] Arthur Jeffery recognizes the same Semitic root, but believes the sense of the term to have entered Arabic through Aramaic.[19]

Eid al-Adha is pronounced Eid al-Azha and Eidul Azha, primarily in Iran and influenced by the Persian language like the Indian subcontinent; ; Arabic: عيد الأضحى|ʿĪd al-ʾAḍḥā, pronounced as /ar/.[22]

Origin

One of the main trials of Abraham's life was to receive and obey the command of God to slaughter his beloved son Ishmael. According to the narrative, Abraham kept having dreams that he was sacrificing his son. Abraham knew that this was a command from God and he told his son, as stated in the Quran, Abraham prepared to submit to the will of God and to slaughter his son as an act of faith and obedience to God.[23] [24] During the preparation, Iblis (Satan) tempted Abraham and his family by trying to dissuade them from carrying out God's commandment, and Abraham drove Iblis away by throwing pebbles at him. In commemoration of their rejection of Iblis, stones are thrown during Hajj rites at symbolic pillars, symbolising the place at which Iblis tried to dissuade Abraham.[25]

Acknowledging that Abraham was willing to sacrifice what is dear to him, God honoured both Abraham and his son. Angel Gabriel (Jibreel) called Abraham, "O' Ibrahim, you have fulfilled the revelations," and a ram from heaven was offered by Angel Gabriel to prophet Abraham to slaughter instead of his son. Many Muslims celebrate Eid al-Adha to commemorate both the devotion of Abraham and the survival of his son Ishmael.[26] [27] [28]

This story is known as the Akedah in Judaism (Binding of Isaac) and originates in the Torah,[29] in the first book of Moses (Genesis, Ch. 22). The Akedah is referred to in the Quran in its 37th surah, As-Saaffat.[30]

The word "Eid" appears once in Al-Ma'ida, the fifth surah of the Quran, with the meaning "a festival or a feast".[31]

Observances

See also: Eid cuisine and Eidi (gift). In the days preceding Eid al-Adha and during the Eid and Tashreeq days, Muslims recite the takbir.[32] [33] Like on Eid al-Fitr, the Eid prayer is performed on Eid al-Adha any time after sunrise and before the Zuhr prayer. In the event of a force majeure, the prayer may be delayed to the day after, or the second day after Eid.[34] The Eid prayer is followed by a khutbah (sermon).[35] At the conclusion of the prayers and sermon, Muslims embrace and exchange gifts and greetings with one another, such as the phrase Eid Mubarak. Many Muslims also take this opportunity to invite their friends, neighbours and colleagues to the festivities to better acquaint them about Islam and Muslim culture.[36]

Udhiyah

After the Eid prayer, udhiyah, or the ritual sacrifice of cattle, may be performed. Affluent Muslims who can afford it sacrifice halal cattle, usually a camel, goat, sheep, or ram, as a symbol of Abraham's willingness to sacrifice his only son.[37] [38] The animals have to meet certain age and quality standards to be considered for sacrifice.[39] In Pakistan alone, roughly 7.5 million animals, costing an estimated $3 billion (equivalent to $ in), were sacrificed in 2011.[40] The meat from the sacrificed animal is generally divided into three parts: the family performing the udhiyah retains a third; while the remainder is equally divided between friends and relatives, and the poor.

The tradition for Eid al-Adha involves slaughtering an animal and sharing the meat in three equal parts – for family, for relatives and friends, and for poor people. The goal is to make sure every Muslim gets to eat meat.[41] [42] However, there is a dissent among Muslim scholars regarding the obligatory nature of this sacrifice. While some scholars, such as Al-Kasani, categorise the sacrifice as obligatory (wāǧib), others regard it only as an "established custom" (sunna mu'akkada).[43] Alternatives such as charitable donations or fasting have been suggested to be permissible by several fuqaha.[44] Muslims are expected to dress in their finest clothing to perform Eid prayer in a large congregation in an open waqf ("stopping") field called Eidgah or mosque. Cuisine traditionally associated with Eid al-Adha includes ma'amoul and samosas.

In the Gregorian calendar

See also: Islamic calendar.

While Eid al-Adha is always on the same day of the Islamic calendar, the date on the Gregorian calendar varies from year to year since the Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar and the Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar. The lunar calendar is approximately eleven days shorter than the solar calendar.[45] Each year, Eid al-Adha (like other Islamic holidays) falls on one of about two to four Gregorian dates in parts of the world, because the boundary of crescent visibility is different from the International Date Line.[46]

The following list shows the official dates of Eid al-Adha for Saudi Arabia as announced by the Supreme Judicial Council. Future dates are estimated according to the Umm al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia. The Umm al-Qura calendar is just a guide for planning purposes and not the absolute determinant or fixer of dates. Confirmations of actual dates by moon sighting are applied on the 29th day of the lunar month prior to Dhu al-Hijja[47] to announce the specific dates for both Hajj rituals and the subsequent Eid festival. The three days after the listed date are also part of the festival. The time before the listed date the pilgrims visit Mount Arafat and descend from it after sunrise of the listed day.[48]

In many countries, the start of any lunar Hijri month varies based on the observation of new moon by local religious authorities, so the exact day of celebration varies by locality.

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Kadi . Samar . 25 September 2015 . Eid al-Adha celebrated differently by Druze, Alawites . . London . 1 August 2016.
  2. Web site: The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia . 7 March 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110611040922/http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura.htm . 11 June 2011 . live .
  3. Web site: First day of Hajj confirmed as Aug. 9. 1 August 2019. Arab News. 9 August 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190808215436/http://www.arabnews.com/node/1534151/saudi-arabia. 8 August 2019. live.
  4. Web site: When is the Day of Arafah 2019 before the Eid al-Adha celebrations?. Bentley. David. 9 August 2019. Birmingham Mail. 9 August 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20160911105247/http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/eid-al-adha-2016-what-11862345. 11 September 2016. live.
  5. News: Masalieva . Zhazgul . Как отметить Курман айт. Правила, условия и требования праздника . 28 June 2023 . 24.kg . 28 June 2023.
  6. Web site: Islamic Holidays, 2010–2030 (A.H. 1431–1452). InfoPlease. 8 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20191218003408/https://www.infoplease.com/calendar-holidays/major-holidays/islamic-holidays. 18 December 2019. live.
  7. News: Курбан айт - 2023 в Казахстане: какого числа и как праздновать . 28 June 2023 . Tengri News . 26 June 2023.
  8. News: В Туркменистане 28-29-30 июня будут отмечать Курбан байрам . 28 June 2023 . Turkmen Portal . 27 May 2023.
  9. News: পাঁচ দিনের ঈদের ছুটি শুরু আজ. 14 June 2024 . Bangla Tribune . 14 June 2024.
  10. Web site: Translation . Office of Assistant to Deputy Cabinet Secretary for State Documents & . 2023-09-12 . Gov't Announces National Holidays for 2024 . 2024-03-28 . Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia.
  11. Web site: Hari Raya Haji 2024 / Tarikh Cuti Sekolah KPM Sempena Aidiladha . 2024-06-16 . eCentral . en-US.
  12. News: Yasmine . Rhea . 2024-06-07 . Muslims in Singapore to celebrate Hari Raya Haji on June 17: Mufti . 2024-06-16 . The Straits Times . en . 0585-3923.
  13. Web site: Eid Al Adha 2023 in UK is on June 29. Morocco World News. 19 June 2023. 28 June 2023.
  14. Web site: When Eid al-Adha 2021 falls – and how long the festival lasts . Hughes . David . inews.co.uk . 18 July 2021 . 18 July 2021 .
  15. Web site: Haigh . Phil . 31 July 2020 . What is the story of Eid al-Adha and why is it referred to as Big Eid? . https://web.archive.org/web/20200923074640/https://metro.co.uk/2018/08/21/why-eid-ul-adha-referred-big-eid-7865194/ . 2020-09-23 . 25 April 2021 . Metro . en . Simply, Eid al-Adha is considered the holier of the two religious holidays and so it is referred to as 'Big Eid' whilst Eid al Fitr can be known as 'Lesser Eid'. Eid al-Kabir means 'Greater Eid' and is used in Yemen, Syria, and North Africa, whilst other translations of 'Large Eid' are used in Pashto, Kashmiri, Urdu and Hindi. This distinction is also known in the Arab world, but by calling 'Bari Eid' bari, this Eid is already disadvantaged. It is the 'other Eid'. 'Bari Eid', or Eid-ul-Azha, has the advantage of having two major rituals, as both have the prayer, but it alone has a sacrifice. 'Bari Eid' brings all Muslims together in celebrating Hajj, which is itself a reminder of the Abrahamic sacrifice, while 'Choti Eid' commemorates solely the end of the fasting of Ramazan..
  16. Book: Journeys in Holy Lands: The Evolution of the Abraham-Ishmael Legends in Islamic Exegesis . 978-0-7914-0331-0 . Firestone . Reuven . January 1990 . SUNY Press .
  17. Book: Oxford Arabic Dictionary . 2014 . Oxford University Press . Oxford . 978-0-19-958033-0.
  18. Book: Badawi . Elsaid M. . Abdel Haleem . Muhammad . Arabic–English Dictionary of Qur'anic Usage . 2008 . Brill . Leiden . 978-90-04-14948-9.
  19. Book: Jeffery . Arthur . The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qur'ān . 2007 . Brill . Leiden . 978-90-04-15352-3.
  20. Noakes. Greg. April–May 1992. Issues in Islam, All About Eid. Washington Report on Middle East Affairs. 28 December 2011.
  21. Web site: Team . Almaany . Translation and Meaning of ضحى In English, English Arabic Dictionary of terms Page 1 . almaany.com . 26 August 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190826144402/https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/%25D8%25B6%25D8%25AD%25D9%2589/ . 26 August 2019 . live .
  22. Web site: Definition of Eid al-Adha Dictionary.com . 2021-07-20 . www.dictionary.com . en.
  23. Book: An Examination of the Claims of Ismail as Viewed by Muḥammadans. 2. Ishmael sacrifice.. 1884. Bate. John Drew. BiblioBazaar. 978-1117148366. 27 February 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20150206073851/https://archive.org/details/anexaminationcl00bategoog. 6 February 2015. live.
  24. Book: Firestone . Reuven . Journeys in Holy Lands: The Evolution of the Abraham-Ishmael Legends in Islamic Exegesis . January 1990 . SUNY Press . 978-0-7914-0331-0.
  25. Book: Firestone . Reuven . Journeys in Holy Lands: The Evolution of the -Ishmael Legends in Islamic Exegesis . 1990 . SUNY Press . 98 . 978-0791403310 .
  26. Web site: The Significance of Hari Raya Aidiladha. muslim.sg. 17 October 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20200614130509/https://muslim.sg/articles/the-significance-of-hari-raya-aidiladha?type=articles. 14 June 2020. live.
  27. Book: Elias, Jamal J.. Jamal J. Elias. Islam. 24 October 2012. 1999. Routledge. 978-0-415-21165-9. 75. https://web.archive.org/web/20160610080506/https://books.google.com/books?id=oBNJxemMwQwC. 10 June 2016. live.
  28. Web site: Muslim Information Service of Australia . Eid al – Adha Festival of Sacrifice . Missionislam.com . 28 December 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111208045904/http://www.missionislam.com/knowledge/eidaladha.htm . 8 December 2011 . live.
  29. Book: Stephan Huller . Stephan. The Real Messiah: The Throne of St. Mark and the True Origins of Christianity . 2011 . Watkins; Reprint edition . 978-1907486647 .
  30. Book: Fasching . Darrell J. . deChant . Dell . Comparative Religious Ethics: A Narrative Approach to Global Ethics . 2011 . Wiley-Blackwell . 978-1444331332 .
  31. — Jesus, son of Mary, prayed, "O Allah, our Lord! Send us from heaven a table spread with food as a feast for us—the first and last of us—and as a sign from You. Provide for us! You are indeed the Best Provider."— Said Jesus, the son of Mary, "O Allāh, our Lord, send down to us a table [spread with food] from the heaven to be for us a festival for the first of us and the last of us and a sign from You. And provide for us, and You are the best of providers."
  32. Web site: Eid Takbeers – Takbir of Id . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20120219223210/http://www.islamawareness.net/Eid/takbeers.html . 19 February 2012 . 28 December 2011 . Islamawareness.net.
  33. Web site: McKernan . Bethan . 29 August 2017 . Eid al-Adha 2017: When is it? Everything you need to know about the Muslim holiday . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190809124658/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/eid-al-adha-2017-when-is-it-muslim-holiday-sacrifice-feast-islam-august-5-days-september-a7918006.html . 9 August 2019 . 28 July 2018 . .independent.
  34. Book: H. X. Lee . Jonathan . Asian American Religious Cultures [2 volumes] ]. 2015 . ABC-CLIO . 978-1598843309 . 357.
  35. Web site: 2020-05-23 . Eid ul-Fitr 2020: How to say Eid prayers . 2020-08-01 . Hindustan Times . en.
  36. Web site: The Significance of Eid . https://web.archive.org/web/20130126043633/http://www.isna.net/Islam/pages/The-Significance-of-Eid.aspx . 26 January 2013 . 28 December 2011 . Isna.net.
  37. Web site: Buğra Ekinci . Ekrem . Qurban Bayram: How do Muslims celebrate a holy feast? . dailysabah . 24 September 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180728101309/https://www.dailysabah.com/feature/2015/09/24/qurban-bayram-how-do-muslims-celebrate-a-holy-feast . 28 July 2018 . live .
  38. Web site: Id al-Adha . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20190410065901/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e969 . 10 April 2019 . 2020-07-11 . Oxford Islamic Studies Online.
  39. Book: Cussen . V. . Garces . L. . Long Distance Transport and Welfare of Farm Animals . 2008 . CABI . 978-1845934033 . 35 .
  40. News: Ahsan Butt . 16 November 2010 . Bakra Eid: The cost of sacrifice . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111228053138/http://asiancorrespondent.com/42661/the-cost-of-sacrifice/ . 28 December 2011 . 28 December 2011 . Asian Correspondent.
  41. Web site: Qurbani Meat Distribution Rules . Muslim Aid . en.
  42. Web site: 30 March 2022 . Qurbani Meat Distribution Rules . islamicallrounder . en.
  43. Book: Hawting, Gerald . Studies in Islamic Law: A Festschrift for Colin Imber . Oxford University Press . 2007 . 978-0-19-953491-3 . Christmann . Andreas . Journal of Semitic Studies Supplement . Oxford . 123–142 . The Juristic Dispute about the Legal Status of the Animal Offerings on the Feast of Sacrifices . Gleave . Robert.
  44. Book: Leaman . Oliver . Routledge Handbook of Islamic Ritual and Practice . Shaikh . Zinnira . 2022 . Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group . 978-0-367-49123-9 . Routledge Handbooks . Abingdon, New York . 446–447 . Heresy or Moral Imperative? Islamic Perspectives on Veganism.
  45. Book: Hewer . Chris . Understanding Islam: The First Ten Steps . 2006 . SCM Press . 978-0334040323 . 111 . registration . he Gregorian calendar. .
  46. Web site: Staff. India com. 2020-07-30. Eid al-Adha or Bakrid 2020 Date And Time: History And Significance of The Day. 2020-07-31. India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News India.com. en.
  47. Web site: Eid al-Adha 2016 date is expected to be on September 11. Al Jazeera. 14 August 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160814174432/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/08/eid-al-adha-2016-holiday-day-160814084340209.html. 14 August 2016. live.
  48. Web site: Mount Ararat Location, Elevation, & Facts. 2020-08-01. Encyclopedia Britannica. en.

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