Egypt at the 2012 Summer Olympics explained

Noc:EGY
Nocname:Egyptian Olympic Committee
Games:Summer Olympics
Year:2012
Website: 
Location:London
Competitors:110
Sports:20
Flagbearer:Hesham Mesbah (opening)[1]
Tamer Bayoumi (closing)[2]
Rank:56
Gold:0
Silver:3
Bronze:1
Appearances:auto
See also:1906 Intercalated Games

Egypt competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, from 27 July to 12 August 2012, sending one of its largest delegations ever. A total of 110 Egyptian athletes participated in 83 events across 20 sports, with more women taking part than ever before. The nation's flagbearer in the opening ceremonies was Hesham Mesbah, a judoka who was Egypt's only medalist at the 2008 Summer Olympics. Egypt won two medals during the course of the Games: Alaaeldin Abouelkassem earned silver in the men's foil, becoming the first competitor from an African nation to win a fencing medal, while Karam Gaber captured silver in the men's 84 kg Greco-Roman wrestling event. Two Egyptian weightlifters were awarded medals retroactively, after higher-ranked competitors were disqualified for doping: Abeer Abdelrahman took silver in the women's 75 kg event, while Tarek Yehia, received bronze in the men's 85 kg event. Among other achievements, Mostafa Mansour was the nation's first competitor in sprint canoeing while fencer Shaimaa El-Gammal became the first Egyptian female to appear in four editions of the Olympics.

Prior to 2012, Egypt had sent athletes to nineteen editions of the Summer Olympic Games, the 1906 Intercalated Games, equestrian at the 1956 Summer Olympics, and the 1984 Winter Olympics. Before the Games began, the Egyptian Olympic Committee distributed counterfeit Nike gear to its athletes, due to its financial troubles following the Egyptian Revolution of 2011. Nike, however, ended up donating legitimate equipment to the Egyptians. Tamer Bayoumi, a 2004 Olympic bronze medalist and the nation's most successful taekwondo practitioner at the 2012 Games, was chosen to carry Egypt's flag at the closing ceremony.

Aside from the team sport of football, which had 16 participants, fencing and wrestling were the sports in which Egypt had the most participants, sending 12 representatives to each. Of them, wrestling was almost exclusively male with only one female, Rabab Eid, taking part. The sport with the most Egyptian female participation was synchronized swimming, an all-woman tournament at the Olympics, with eight, while the nation sent six women to fencing, the highest number for a mixed sport. Among tournaments with the potential for both men and women to take part, Egypt qualified females, but not males, for badminton, and males, but not females, for track and field athletics, boxing, canoeing, equestrian, football, judo, and sailing.

Medalists

The following Egyptian athletes won medals at the games. In the by discipline sections below, medalists' names are bolded.

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Medals by sport
SportTotal
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 2
0 1 0 1
Total 0 3 1 4

Background

Prior to 2012, Egypt had sent athletes to nineteen editions of the Summer Olympic Games (three times as the United Arab Republic), the 1906 Intercalated Games, equestrian at the 1956 Summer Olympics, and the 1984 Winter Olympics.[3] With the exception of the Soviet-boycotted 1984 Summer Olympics, Egypt's 2012 delegation was the largest ever, and chose Hesham Mesbah, a 2008 Olympic medalist in judo, as its flagbearer in the opening ceremony. A total of 110 Egyptians, 76 men and 34 women,[4] travelled to London and competed in 20 different sports.[5] It was the largest delegation of women in the country's Olympic history.[1] [6] Prior the start of the Olympic Games, the Egyptian Olympic Committee (EOC) distributed counterfeit Nike gear from a Chinese distributor to its athletes, due to its financial troubles following the Egyptian Revolution of 2011.[7] Nike ended up donating equipment to the Egyptians, despite the EOC's eventual willingness to pay.[8]

Competitors

Shaimaa El-Gammal became the nation's first female to appear in four Olympic games,[9] while former Olympic medalists Tamer Bayoumi (taekwondo), Karam Gaber (Greco-Roman wrestling), and Hesham Mesbah (judo) returned to compete again. Middleweight boxer Mohamed Hikal and skeet shooter Mostafa Hamdy also made a fourth appearance at the Games, while Gaber, Mesbah, and six other athletes made their third Olympic appearance: discus thrower Omar Ahmed El Ghazaly, modern pentathlete Aya Medany, table tennis player El-sayed Lashin, Greco-Roman wrestlers Ashraf El-Gharably and Mohamed Abdelfatah, and judoka Islam El Shehaby. Skeet shooter Mona El-Hawary, aged 49, was the oldest athlete on the team, while sprint freestyle swimmer Farida Osman was the youngest at age 17.[4] Bayoumi was selected as Egypt's flagbearer for the closing ceremony.[2]

| width=78% align=left valign=top |The following table lists the number of Egyptian competitors who participated in each Olympic sport. Reserves in fencing, field hockey, football, and handball are not included, nor are athletes who failed to start in their event.[4]

SportMenWomenTotal
Archery1 1 2
Athletics6 0 6
Badminton0 1 1
Boxing5 0 5
Canoeing1 0 1
Equestrian1 0 1
Fencing6 6 12
Football16 0 16
Gymnastics1 3 4
Judo5 0 5
Modern pentathlon2 1 3
Rowing3 2 5
Sailing1 0 1
Shooting5 2 7
Swimming2 1 3
Synchronized swimming0 8 8
Table tennis3 3 6
Taekwondo2 2 4
Weightlifting5 3 8
Wrestling11 1 12
Total 76 34 110

Archery

See main article: Archery at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Two Egyptian archers, one male and one female, qualified for the Olympics, both of whom had earned their berths at the 2012 African Archery Championships. Ahmed El-Nemr finished second at that tournament, behind Philippe Kouassi of Côte d'Ivoire, and entered the men's individual event.[10] El-Nemr had won three medals at the 2011 Pan Arab Games, gold in the individual recurve 90 metres and silver in the individual recurve FITA and the team event.[11] In London he scored 644 points in the ranking round and placed 57th overall out of 64 competitors. In the round of 64 he defeated eighth-ranked Crispin Duenas of Canada three sets to one and then faced Kuo Cheng-wei, who was representing Chinese Taipei. El-Nemr lost this round three sets to one and was eliminated from the tournament, leaving with a final ranking of 17th.[12] Nada Kamel, who had earned seven medals at the 2011 Pan Arab Games,[13] won the women's event at the 2012 African Championships[14] and entered the individual tournament. There she scored 611 points in the ranking round and placed 56th overall out of 64 participants. She was defeated by Ksenia Perova of Russia three sets to none in the opening round and finished the event joint-33rd and last.[15]

AthleteEventRanking roundRound of 64Round of 32Round of 16QuarterfinalsSemifinalsFinal / BM
ScoreSeedOpposition
Score		Opposition
Score		Opposition
Score		Opposition
Score		Opposition
Score		Opposition
Score		Rank
Ahmed El-NemrMen's individual64457 (8)
W 6–2		 (40)
L 2–6		Did not advance
Nada KamelWomen's individual61156 (9)
L 0–6		Did not advance

Key: W = Competitor won the match; L = Competitor lost the match; BM = Bronze medal match

Athletics

See main article: Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Seven Egyptian athletes, six men and one woman, qualified for the Olympics, although one did not compete. Noura Elsayed, the lone woman, was slated to run in the 800 metres, but withdrew due to injury.[16] The only Egyptian to participate in more than one event was Amr Ibrahim Mostafa Seoud, a veteran of the 200 metre event at the 2008 Summer Olympics.[17] Seoud, who had won gold medals in the 100 metres at the 2007 Pan Arab and 2011 All-African Games, and the 200 metres at the 2007 Pan Arab and 2009 Mediterranean Games, as well as the 2010 African Championships, met the "A" qualifying standard for both the 100 metres and 200 metres.[18] In the 100 m, he drew the same heat as world record-holder and defending Olympic champion Usain Bolt of Jamaica and finished fourth, which was insufficient to advance. He had the same standing in the opening heats of the 200 m.[17] Hamada Mohamed met the "A" qualifying standard for the 800 metres[19] and won his opening heat in London, advancing to the semifinals. He was placed in the same heat as David Rudisha of Kenya, the world-record holder and upcoming gold medalist, and finished eighth out of nine competitors, failing to reach the final.[20]

The remaining Egyptians, all of whom qualified through the B standard, competed in field events. Omar Ahmed El Ghazaly, in the discus, was the most experienced of the quartet, with senior international medals going back to bronze at the 2002 African Championships in Athletics,[21] in addition to past Olympic appearances in 2004 and 2008. In London he finished 26th among 41 participants with a best throw of 60.26 meters.[22] Ihab Abdelrahman, in the javelin throw, had missed the 2008 Summer Olympics, despite having been a silver medalist at the 2007 Pan Arab Games,[23] but had won the event at the 2010 African Championships[24] and the 2011 Pan Arab Games.[25] In London he placed 28th out of 44 competitors with a best throw of 77.35 meters.[26] Mostafa Al-Gamel, in the hammer throw, was the gold medalist from the 2011 All-African Games[27] and a silver medalist from the 2008 African Championships[28] and the 2011 Pan Arab Games.[29] In London he was 27th among 41 participants with a best throw of 71.36 meters.[30] Mohamed Fathalla Difallah, who had come in fourth at the 2011 All-Africa Games,[27] was 37th out of 41 competitors in the qualifying round of the long jump in London, with a distance of 7.08 meters, and did not advance to the final.[31]

Men
  • Track & road events
    • AthleteEventHeatQuarterfinalSemifinalFinal
    ResultRankResultRankResultRankResultRank
    Hamada Mohamed800 m1:48.051 Q1:48.188Did not advance
    align=left rowspan=2Amr Ibrahim Mostafa Seoud100 m10.224Did not advance
    200 m20.814Did not advance
    Field events
    AthleteEventQualificationFinal
    DistancePositionDistancePosition
    Omar Ahmed El GhazalyDiscus throw60.2626Did not advance
    Ihab AbdelrahmanJavelin throw77.3528Did not advance
    Mohamed Fathalla DifallahLong jump7.0837Did not advance
    Mostafa Al-GamelHammer throw71.3627Did not advance
    Women
  • Track & road events

    • Note – Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
    Key: Q = Qualified for the next round; N/A = Round not applicable for the event; DNS = Athlete failed to start the event

    Badminton

    See main article: Badminton at the 2012 Summer Olympics. One Egyptian badminton player qualified for the Olympics, Hadia Hosny. A veteran of the 2008 Summer Games, she trained for London at the University of Bath, where she was a graduate student in bioscience. Ranked 102nd in the world, she qualified by being the top player on the African continent.[32] In the women's singles, she lost to Pi Hongyan of France and Chloe Magee of Ireland, finished in the bottom of her group, and was eliminated from the tournament.[33]

    Key: L = Competitor lost the match; BM = Bronze medal match

    Boxing

    See main article: Boxing at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Five Egyptian boxers qualified for the Olympics, all of whom were men and earned their spots at the 2012 African Boxing Olympic Qualification Tournament.[34] The only Egyptian to win a bout in London was Hesham Yehia, in the flyweight division, who defeated Benson Gicharu of Kenya before losing to Jasurbek Latipov of Uzbekistan in the round of 16.[35] Yehia's most successful major international tournament had been the 2011 Pan Arab Games, where he had been the flyweight runner-up.[36] The most experienced boxer was Mohamed Hikal, who had competed in the light-middleweight, welterweight, and middleweight categories of the 2000, 2004, and 2008 Summer Olympics respectively.[37] Among his international boxing distinctions, he was 1999 and 2003 All-African champion, 2005 Mediterranean champion, 2007 and 2011 Pan Arab champion, and 2007 African champion, and won a bronze medal at the 2005 World Championships.[36] In 2012 he was once again representing Egypt as a middleweight and lost his first bout to Soltan Migitinov of Azerbaijan.[37] Ramy Helmy El-Awadi, a bronze medalist from the 2007 Pan Arab Games, received a bye in the opening round of the light flyweight class and was defeated by Ferhat Pehlivan of Turkey in the round of 16.[38] Mohamed Ramadan and Eslam El-Gendy lost their first bouts to eventual silver medalist Han Soon-Chul of South Korea and Gyula Káté of Hungary in the lightweight and light welterweight events respectively.[39] [40]

    Men
    AthleteEventRound of 32Round of 16QuarterfinalsSemifinalsFinal
    Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Rank
    Ramy Helmy El-AwadiLight flyweight
    L 6–20    		Did not advance
    Hesham YehiaFlyweight
    W 19–16
    L 11–21    		Did not advance
    Mohamed RamadanLightweight
    L 6–11    		Did not advance
    Eslam El-GendyLight welterweight
    L 10–16    		Did not advance
    Mohamed HikalMiddleweight
    L 12–20    		Did not advance

    Key: W = Competitor won the match; L = Competitor lost the match; Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round

    Canoeing

    See main article: Canoeing at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Egypt's first ever Olympic competitor in canoe and kayak, Mostafa Mansour, qualified for the 2012 Games. Having taken up the sport in 2007, after abandoning his initial pursuit of rowing, Mansour qualified for the K-1 200 metres by coming in third in the event at the 2011 All-Africa Games. The Olympic spots were originally meant to go to the top two finishers, Greg Louw of South Africa and Mohamed Mrabet of Tunisia, but South Africa did not select Louw for the Games. Mansour's best time in the K-1 1000 metres earned him a spot in that event as a continental wildcard.[41] He was eliminated in the opening round of both events in London, after finishing last in his heats.[42]

    Sprint

    AthleteEventHeatsSemifinalsFinals
    TimeRankTimeRankTimeRank
    align=left rowspan=2Mostafa MansourMen's K-1 200 m40.5077Did not advance
    Men's K-1 1000 m4:09.6517Did not advance

    Equestrian

    See main article: Equestrian at the 2012 Summer Olympics. One Egyptian equestrian qualified for show jumping for the Olympics. Karim El-Zoghby, a veteran of the 2008 Games, qualified with his horse Wervel Wind due to his ranking at the 2010 FEI World Equestrian Games. In the months leading up to the Olympics, he trained full-time in the Netherlands[32] and won a silver medal in the team jumping event at the 2011 Pan Arab Games.[43] In London, Zoghby survived the first qualifying course by finishing joint-53rd with five penalties, but was eliminated after placing 51st in round two with an additional five penalties.[44]

    Show jumping

    Key: Q = Qualified for the next round

    Fencing

    See main article: Fencing at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Twelve Egyptian fencers, six men and six women, qualified for the Olympics. Both the men and women qualified their foil teams by being the top African nation in this category, while Ayman Mohamed Fayez and Salma Mahran were selected as the second highest-ranked Africans in the men's épée and the women's sabre respectively.[45] The final competitors, Mona Hassanein in the women's épée and Mannad Zeid in the men's sabre, won an African qualifier to earn their spots.[46] Both foil teams lost their opening rounds against Great Britain and were eliminated from the tournament.[47] [48]

    In the men's events, Alaaeldin Abouelkassem, who captured gold in the individual and team foil events at the 2011 Pan Arab Games,[49] won a silver medal in the men's foil, after the losing the final against Lei Sheng of China. To qualify for the final he defeated American Miles Chamley-Watson, Germany's Peter Joppich, Italy's Andrea Cassarà, and South Korea's Choi Byung-Chul,[50] and became the first African to win an Olympic fencing medal.[51] One of his teammates, Tarek Ayad, who had also been part of the gold medal-winning foil team at the 2011 Pan Arab Games and had won bronze individually,[49] defeated fellow Egyptian Anas Mostafa in the opening round, before losing to Aleksey Cheremisinov of Russia in the round of 32.[52] Fayez, who won gold in the individual and team épée events at the 2011 Pan Arab Games,[49] and Zeid were defeated in their opening rounds by eventual gold medalist Rubén Limardo of Venezuela[53] and Malaysia's Yu Peng Kean respectively.[54] None of the women won any bouts in London,[55] but Shaimaa El-Gammal became the first Egyptian female to compete in four Olympics, having taken part in the 2000, 2004, and 2008 editions.[9]

    Men
    AthleteEventRound of 64Round of 32Round of 16QuarterfinalSemifinalFinal / BM
    Opposition
    Score    		Opposition
    Score    		Opposition
    Score    		Opposition
    Score    		Opposition
    Score    		Opposition
    Score    		Rank
    Ayman Mohamed FayezIndividual épée
    L 13–15    		Did not advance
    Alaaeldin Abouelkassemalign=left rowspan=3Individual foil
    W 15–10
    W 15–10
    W 15–10
    W 15–12
    L 13–15
    Tarek Ayad
    W 15–5
    L 8–15    		Did not advance
    Anas Mostafa
    L 5–15    		Did not advance
    Alaaeldin Abouelkassem
    Tarek Ayad
    Sherif Farrag
    Anas Mostafa    		Team foil
    L 33–45    		Did not advance
    Mannad ZeidIndividual sabre
    L 12–15    		Did not advance
    Women
    AthleteEventRound of 64Round of 32Round of 16QuarterfinalSemifinalFinal / BM
    Opposition
    Score    		Opposition
    Score    		Opposition
    Score    		Opposition
    Score    		Opposition
    Score    		Opposition
    Score    		Rank
    Mona HassaneinIndividual épée
    L 10–15    		Did not advance
    Eman El Gammalalign=left rowspan=3Individual foil
    L 9–15    		Did not advance
    Shaimaa El-Gammal
    L 6–7    		Did not advance
    Eman Gaber
    L 2–15    		Did not advance
    Eman El Gammal
    Shaimaa El-Gammal
    Eman Gaber
    Rana El-Husseiny    		Team foil
    L 34–45    		Did not advance
    Salma MahranIndividual sabre
    L 6–15    		Did not advance

    Key: W = Competitor won the match; L = Competitor lost the match; BM = Bronze medal match; N/A = Round not applicable for the event; Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round

    Football

    See main article: Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

    Men's tournament

    See main article: Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament. The Egyptian national football team qualified for the Olympics after its third-place finish at the 2011 CAF U-23 Championship.[56] It was the nation's first Olympic appearance since the 1992 Games and they chose Mohamed Aboutrika, Ahmed Fathy, and Emad Moteab as their three over-23 players. The squad was coached by Hany Ramzy.[32] In the tournament, Egypt was drawn into Group C. It lost its first match against Brazil 3–2, but tied New Zealand 1–1 and defeated Belarus 3–1 to advance to the knockout stage.[57] This was their fifth time in eleven tournaments that Egypt progressed out of the group stage.[32] Egypt met Japan in the quarterfinals and lost 3–0, eliminating them from the tournament.[58]

    Team roster
  • Group play--------
  • Quarterfinal

    • Gymnastics

    See main article: Gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Four Egyptian gymnasts, three artistic and one rhythmic, qualified for the Olympics. Mohamed El-Saharty, the lone male, was invited to London as the highest-ranked African in the individual all-around at the 2011 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships. He was individual all-around Arab Champion in 2011 and 2012, African Champion in 2010 and 2012,[59] and Pan Arab Champion in 2011. At the latter tournament, he had also taken gold in the horizontal bar, the pommel horse, the vault, and the team event.[60] In London his best event was the vault, where he finished 12th. He was 52nd in the horizontal bar, 56th in the floor, 57th in the pommel horse, 61st in the rings, and 65th in the parallel bars. His final rank in the individual all-around was 37th.[61]

    Salma El-Said and Sherine El-Zeiny qualified for the Olympics as the second and third-ranked Africans at the 2011 World Championships, with El-Zeiny having been offered a spot after the highest-placed African, Nicole Szabo of South Africa, turned down the invitation due to injury. El-Said had taken a break from active competition while recovering from an injury of her own and came back shortly before the World Championships. Since then she had taken the individual all-around title at the 2011 Arab Games and the 2012 African Championships. El-Zeiny was a veteran of the 2008 tournament and both had been a part of Egypt's victorious all-around team at the 2012 African Championships.[59] [62] In London, El-Said's best event was the balance beam, in which she placed 42nd. She was also 63rd in the uneven bars, 69th in the floor exercise, and was ranked 41st overall in the individual all-around.[63] El-Zeiny was 53rd on the balance beam, but finished 82nd and last in the floor exercise[64] after suffering an injury.[65] Yasmine Rostom, the rhythmic gymnast, qualified by being the top performer from Africa at the 2011 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships.[66] [67] In London she was 23rd in the ball and the hoop, 20th in the clubs, and last in the ribbon to finish 23rd out of 24 competitors overall.[68]

    Artistic

    Men

    F = Floor exercise; PH = Pommel horse; R = Rings; V = Vault; PB = Parallel bars; HB = Horizontal bar; N/A = Round not applicable for the event

    Women
    AthleteEventQualificationFinal
    ApparatusTotalRankApparatusTotalRank
    FVUBBBFVUBBB
    Salma El-SaidAll-around12.50013.53312.56613.06651.66541Did not advance
    align=left rowspan=2Sherine El-ZeinyFloor11.00011.00082Did not advance
    Balance Beam12.73312.73353Did not advance

    F = Floor exercise; PH = Pommel horse; UB = Uneven bars; BB = Balance beam; N/A = Round not applicable for the event

    Rhythmic

    Judo

    See main article: Judo at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Five Egyptian judoka qualified for the Olympics, all men, two of which advanced beyond the round of 32. Ahmed Awad, who was the 2011 African and All-Africa Games champion, as well as the runner-up at the 2009 Mediterranean Games and a bronze medalist at the 2012 African Championships,[69] earned a spot in the 66 kg event by being the highest ranked African in the division.[70] He defeated Humaid Al-Derei of the United Arab Emirates before losing against Tarlan Karimov of Azerbaijan in the round of 16.[71] Hussein Hafiz, who was the 2011 Pan Arab and 2012 African Champion, as well as the 2011 African runner-up and a bronze medalist at the 2009 and 2010 editions and the 2011 All-Africa Games,[72] qualified for London by being ranked 18th in the world in the 73 kg class.[70] He won his opening match against Osman Murillo Segura of Costa Rica before being defeated by France's Ugo Legrand, an eventual bronze medalist.[73] Hesham Mesbah, who was Egypt's only medalist at the 2008 Summer Olympics,[74] returned to the 90 kg division by being ranked 13th in the world,[70] but was eliminated his first match, against Timur Bolat of Kazakhstan.[75]

    Islam El Shehaby had participated in the 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics and had international judo titles in the +100 kg division as far back as the 1999 Pan Arab Games. He was most recently African Champion in the +100 kg and open classes at the 2011 African Championships, and was runner-up in the former category at the 2012 edition.[76] Coming into the 2012 Olympics he was ranked fourth in the world,[70] but lost in the opening round against Ihar Makarau of Belarus.[77] The final judoka, Ramadan Darwish, had won every African championship in the 100 kg class since 2009, was the 2009 Mediterranean champion and 2011 All-Africa Games runner-up, and had earned a bronze medal at the 2009 World Judo Championships.[78] He qualified for the 100 kg event at the Olympic Games by being ranked ninth worldwide,[70] but was defeated in his first match by France's Thierry Fabre.[79]

    AthleteEventRound of 64Round of 32Round of 16QuarterfinalsSemifinalsRepechageFinal /
    Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Rank
    Ahmed AwadMen's −66 kg
    W 0101–0001
    L 0000–0002    		Did not advance
    Hussein HafizMen's −73 kg
    W 0020–0003
    L 0104–0100    		Did not advance
    Hesham MesbahMen's −90 kg
    L 0011–1002    		Did not advance
    Ramadan DarwishMen's −100 kg
    L 0002–0011    		Did not advance
    Islam El ShehabyMen's +100 kg
    L 0002–0021    		Did not advance

    Key: W = Competitor won the match; L = Competitor lost the match; N/A = Round not applicable for the event; Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round

    Modern pentathlon

    See main article: Modern pentathlon at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Three Egyptian athletes qualified for the Olympic modern pentathlon tournament, two men and one woman. Aya Medany, a veteran of the 2004 and 2008 Games, was the most experienced of the three, having competed internationally since 1999 at the age of 10. She won the 2011 African Championships to earn her spot in London, which was her fifth title at the tournament since 2004.[80] In the women's event in London, she won 20 of her fencing bouts and was ranked joint-eighth after the first round. She was 18th in swimming, 19th in riding, and 21st in the combined running/shooting portion to finish 16th overall.[81] On the men's side, Yasser Hefny won the 2011 African Championships[80] and entered the men's event in London, where he won 17 of his fencing bouts and was ranked joint-thirteenth after the first round. He was 19th in the swimming, 28th in riding, and 31st in the combined running/shooting competition to finish 28th overall.[82]

    Amro El Geziry was a veteran of the 2008 Games, having won the 2006 and 2007 African Championships, and was following his brother Emad, who had participated in the 2000 edition. He won a bronze medal with another brother, Omar, at the 2009 World Modern Pentathlon Championships and eventually qualified for the 2012 Olympics by virtue of his world ranking.[83] He received a berth during the second round of Olympic allocations, when spots won by nations who qualified more than the maximum two athletes were redistributed.[84] In London he was victorious in 18 of his fencing bouts and was ranked joint-11th after the first round, but then won the swimming event with an Olympic record time of 1:55.70. He placed 33rd and 34th in the riding and combined riding/shooting competition, however, and finished 33rd overall.[85]

    AthleteEventFencing
    (épée one touch)    		Swimming
    (200 m freestyle)    		Riding
    (show jumping)    		Combined: shooting/running
    (10 m air pistol)/(3000 m)    		Total pointsFinal rank
    ResultsRankMP pointsTimeRankMP pointsPenaltiesRankMP pointsTimeRankMP points
    Amro El Geziryalign=left rowspan=2Men's18–17=118321:55.7011412 OR3443385611:42.44342192529233
    Yasser Hefny17–18=138082:05.9019129212028108011:25.53312260544028
    Aya MedanyWomen's20–15=88802:18.701811367619112412:31.92211996513616

    Key: MP Points = Points earned towards total score; WR = World record; OR = Olympic record; NR = National record

    Rowing

    See main article: Rowing at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Five Egyptians in three events qualified for the Olympic rowing tournament, all of whom earned their places at the African Continental Qualification Regatta in November 2011.[86] A member of the national team since 2007,[87] Nour El Din Hassanein normally rowed in the double sculls and, with Moustafa Fathy, finished last in the "C" final and 15th overall in that event at the 2010 World Rowing Championships. In London, however, he competed in the men's single sculls and placed second in the "D" final and 20th overall.[88] In the men's lightweight double sculls, Omar Emira and Mohamed Nofel, who were first in the "E" final and 25th overall at the 2011 World Rowing Championships, finished 20th overall and last.[89] In the women's version, Sara Baraka and Fatma Rashed, the latter of whom replaced Baraka's regular partner Ingy Hassem El Din[86] also finished last.[90]

    Men
    AthleteEventHeatsRepechageQuarterfinalsSemifinalsFinal
    TimeRankTimeRankTimeRankTimeRankTimeRank
    Nour El Din HassaneinSingle sculls7:06.173 QF7:23.126 SC/D7:44.534 FD7:27.1915
    Omar Emira
    Mohamed Nofel    		Lightweight double sculls6:59.575 R6:57.066 SC/D7:19.294 FD7:12.7920
    Women
    Key: FA = Qualified for final A (medal); FB = Qualified for final B (non-medal); FC = Qualified for final C (non-medal); FD = Qualified for final D (non-medal); FE = Qualified for final E (non-medal); FF = Qualified for final F (non-medal); SA/B = Qualified for semifinals A/B; SC/D = Qualified for semifinals C/D; SE/F = Qualified for semifinals E/F; QF = Qualified for quarterfinals; R = Qualified for repechage; WR = World record; OR = Olympic record; NR = National record;N/A = Round not applicable for the event; Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round

    Sailing

    See main article: Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics. One Egyptian windsurfer qualified for the Olympics, Ahmed Habash, who took up the sport as a teenager, but quit prior to the 2008 Games due to a serious injury. He re-entered competition in 2012 and won the Egyptian National Championships. This qualified him for the World Championships, where he performed well enough to earn a spot on the national delegation to London.[91] In the sailboard, Habash finished last overall, with 334 net points, and was eliminated prior to the medal round.[92]

    Men
    Key: M* = Medal race; EL = Eliminated – did not advance into the medal race; X = Points from this race were discarded as being the competitor's worst race

    Shooting

    See main article: Shooting at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Egypt earned seven quota places for shooting events, five of which went to men and two of which were for women. Mona El-Hawary, competing in the women's skeet, was 17th and last in her event, but still ranked higher than any other Egyptian shooter. She was also a veteran of the 2008 Summer Olympics.[93] The other woman, Nourhan Amer, was 41st of 56 competitors in the 10 metre air rifle.[94] She had won three medals in team events at the 2011 Pan Arab Games.[95] Egypt's best-ranked man was Mostafa Hamdy, a veteran of the 1996, 2000, and 2004 Olympic tournaments, who was 18th among 36 participants in the men's skeet.[96] Azmy Mehelba, the 2011 Pan Arab runner up,[97] also competed in the skeet, but was last.[98] Ahmed Zaher, in the trap, was 22nd of 34 competitors,[99] while Karim Wagih was 38th of 44 participants in the 10 metre air pistol.[100] Amgad Hosen, a team gold medalist from the 2011 Pan Arab Games,[101] finished 29th out of 47 competitors in the 10 metre air rifle.[102]

    Men
    AthleteEventQualificationFinal
    PointsRankPointsRank
    Mostafa HamdySkeet11718Did not advance
    Amgad Hosen10 m air rifle59129Did not advance
    Azmy MehelbaSkeet10836Did not advance
    Karim Wagih10 m air pistol56638Did not advance
    Ahmed ZaherTrap11722Did not advance
    Women
    AthleteEventQualificationFinal
    PointsRankPointsRank
    Nourhan Amer10 m air rifle39141Did not advance
    Mona El-HawarySkeet5117Did not advance

    Key: WR = World record; OR = Olympic record; NR = National record

    Swimming

    See main article: Swimming at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Three Egyptian swimmers, one female and two males, qualified for the Olympics. American-born Farida Osman, the woman, was the youngest member of the 2012 national delegation and qualified for the Games based on having made the Olympic Standard Time in the 50-metre freestyle. In the lead up to the Olympics, she won seven gold medals at the 2011 Pan Arab Games, as well as the 50-metre butterfly title at that year's All-Africa Games and World Junior Championships.[103] In London she was sixth in her heat in the 50-metre freestyle and was eliminated from the tournament, ranking 42nd overall.[104] On the men's side, Shehab Younis qualified for the 50-metre freestyle by meeting the Olympic Selection Time of 22.88 at an international meet in Eindhoven, Netherlands, with a result of 22.85.[105] Prior to the Olympics he had won a bronze medal in the event at the 2011 Pan Arab Games.[106] In London he was third in his heat and 34th overall, failing to advance to the semifinals.[107] Mazen Metwaly, a Saudi-born Egyptian training and studying at Southern Illinois University Carbondale,[108] made the team at an Olympic qualifier in Setúbal, Portugal in June 2012, the second of his two opportunities (his first having been the 2011 World Championships).[109] At the Games, in the marathon 10 kilometre, he was 24th out of 25 competitors.[110]

    Men
    AthleteEventHeatSemifinalFinal
    TimeRankTimeRankTimeRank
    Mazen Metwaly10 km open water1:54:33.224
    Shehab Younis50 m freestyle23.1634Did not advance
    Women

    Key: Q = Qualified for the next round; WR = World record; OR = Olympic record; NR = National record; N/A = Round not applicable for the event; Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round

    Synchronized swimming

    See main article: Synchronized swimming at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Egypt's synchronized swimming team qualified for the Olympics by being the top African nation at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships. It was the second time that the nation had qualified for the team event, having previously appeared in 2008.[111] Shaza Abdelrahman and Dalia El-Gebaly, veterans of the 2008 tournament, represented Egypt in the duet, where they placed 24th and last. In the team competition, the nation finished seventh out of eight nations, ranking higher than Australia.[112]

    AthleteEventTechnical routineFree routine (preliminary)Free routine (final)
    PointsRankPointsTotal (technical + free)RankPointsTotal (technical + free)Rank
    Shaza Abdelrahman
    Dalia El-Gebaly    		Duet75.7002476.400152.10024Did not advance
    Reem Abdalazem
    Shaza Abdelrahman
    Aya Darwish
    Nour El-Afandi
    Dalia El-Gebaly
    Samar Hassounah
    Youmna Khallaf
    Mai Mohamed    		Team77.600778.360155.9607

    Key: N/A = Round not applicable for the event

    Table tennis

    See main article: Table tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Six Egyptian table tennis players, three men and three women, qualified for the Olympics, four for the singles and an additional two for the team events. The four singles competitors, Omar Assar, El-sayed Lashin, Nadeen El-Dawlatly, and Dina Meshref, all qualified based on their achievements at the 2011 All-Africa Games. At this tournament, Assar won the singles event, was part of the victorious Egyptian team, finished second in the doubles with Emad Moselhy, and placed third in the mixed doubles alongside Meshref.[113] He also won silver in the singles and gold in the team event at the 2011 Pan Arab Games.[114] In London he defeated Yaroslav Zhmudenko of Ukraine in the opening round, but lost to Greece's Panagiotis Gionis in round two.[115] Lashin was the runner-up in the singles at the 2011 All-Africa Games, as well as the winner of the doubles (with Ahmed Saleh), a bronze medalist in the mixed doubles (alongside El-Dawlatly), and a member of the gold medal-earning Egyptian team. His list of international medals stretched back to the 1996 African Championships, where he won a gold medal in the team event, and he had previously appeared in the Olympic Games in 2000 and 2008. In London he defeated Pär Gerell of Sweden and Zoran Primorac of Croatia before losing to Japan's Jun Mizutani in the third round.[116] [117] For the team event, Assar and Lashin were joined by Saleh, a 2008 Olympic veteran whose victories went as far back at the doubles event at the 1996 Arab Championships, but they were eliminated in the opening round.[118]

    El-Dawlatly had been fourth in the singles at the 2011 All-Africa Games, as well as third in the doubles and mixed doubles (with Meshref and Lashin respectively), and was a member of the gold medal-winning Egyptian team.[119] She had also earned gold in the team event and the doubles and silver in the singles at the 2011 Pan Arab Games.[120] In London she was defeated in the opening round by Denmark's Mie Skov.[121] Meshref had the same results as El-Dawlatly at the 2011 All-African Games, except for being fifth in the singles,[122] and took gold in the singles, doubles, and team events at the 2011 Pan Arab Games.[123] In London she defeated Offiong Edem of Nigeria and Yana Noskova of Russia before being overcome by Romania's Elizabeta Samara.[124] For the team event, El-Dawlatly and Meshref were joined by Raghd Magdy, who had been third in the doubles and mixed doubles, as well as runner-up in the team competition, at the 2003 All-Africa Games. The Egyptian women were defeated by the Dutch in the first round.[125]

    Men
    AthleteEventPreliminary roundRound 1Round 2Round 3Round 4QuarterfinalsSemifinalsFinal / BM
    Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Rank
    Omar Assaralign=left rowspan=2Singles
    W 4–1
    L 0–4    		Did not advance
    El-sayed Lashin
    W 4–3
    W 4–3
    L 1–4    		Did not advance
    Omar Assar
    El-sayed Lashin
    Ahmed Saleh    		Team
    L 0–3    		Did not advance
    Women
    AthleteEventPreliminary roundRound 1Round 2Round 3Round 4QuarterfinalsSemifinalsFinal / BM
    Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Rank
    Nadeen El-Dawlatlyalign=left rowspan=2Singles
    L 0–4    		Did not advance
    Dina Meshref
    W 4–2
    W 4–3
    L 1–4    		Did not advance
    Nadeen El-Dawlatly
    Raghad Magdy
    Dina Meshref    		Team
    L 0–3    		Did not advance

    Key: BM = Bronze medal match; N/A = Round not applicable for the event; Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round

    Taekwondo

    See main article: Taekwondo at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Four Egyptian taekwondo practitioners, two men and two women, qualified for the Olympics, all of whom finished first at the African Qualification tournament, except for Abdelrahman Ossama in the men's 80 kg class, who was second behind Morocco's Issam Chernoubi.[126] Tamer Bayoumi, a bronze medalist from the 2004 Olympics, was the most successful of the quartet. In the 58 kg class he defeated Nursultan Mamayev of Kazakhstan in the round of 16 before losing in sudden death to Lee Dae-Hoon of South Korea, the eventual silver medalist, in the quarterfinals. In the repechage he was defeated by Thailand's Pen-Ek Karaket.[127] The only other Egyptian to win a match was Hedaya Malak, in the women's 57 kg, who overcame Robin Cheong of New Zealand before being defeated by Marlène Harnois of France, an eventual bronze medalist.[128] In his first bout, Ossama lost to Tommy Mollet of the Netherlands in sudden death,[129] while Seham El-Sawalhy, the 2010 and 2012 African champion,[130] was eliminated by Sweden's Elin Johansson in the round of 16 of the women's 67 kg class.[131]

    AthleteEventRound of 16QuarterfinalsSemifinalsRepechageBronze medalFinal
    Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Rank
    Tamer BayoumiMen's −58 kg
    W 1–0 SDP
    L 10–11 SDP    		Did not advance
    L 4–6    		Did not advance
    Abdelrahman OssamaMen's −80 kg
    L 8–9 SDP    		Did not advance
    Hedaya MalakWomen's −57 kg
    W 17–6
    L 6–8    		Did not advance
    Seham El-SawalhyWomen's −67 kg
    L 0–6    		Did not advance

    Key: Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round; SDP = Decision by sudden death point

    Weightlifting

    See main article: Weightlifting at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Five Egyptian men, Ahmed Saad, Mohamed Abdelbaki, Ibrahim Ramadan, Ragab Abdelhay, and Tarek Yehia, qualified for the Olympic weightlifting tournament by ranking seventh overall after the 2010 and 2011 World Weightlifting Championships,[132] and three women, Esmat Mansour, Abeer Abdelrahman, and Nahla Ramadan, by ranking fourteenth.[133] For the women, Ramadan, a gold medalist at the 2003 World Weightlifting Championships[134] and the 2011 Pan Arab Games,[135] bronze medalist at the 2002 World Championships,[136] and veteran of the 75 kg class at the 2004 Summer Olympics, finished fourth in the +75 kg class.[137] Abdelrahman, another gold medalist from the 2011 Pan Arab Games[138] and veteran of the 69 kg class at the 2008 Summer Olympics, was fifth in the 75 kg division,[139] although she received a silver medal retroactively after the event's three medalists were disqualified for doping.[140] Mansour, contesting the 69 kg class, was seventh in her event.[141]

    For the men, Yehia, a silver medalist at the 2011 Pan Arab Games,[142] bronze medalist at the 2010 World Championships,[143] and veteran of the 69 kg class at the 2008 Summer Olympics, had the nation's best result, with a fourth-place finish in the 85 kg division[144] that was later upgraded to bronze after runner-up Apti Aukhadov of Russia failed a doping test.[145] His countryman Abdelhay, the gold medalist from the 2011 Pan Arab Games,[146] was ranked fifth in the same event after Aukhadov was disqualified.[147] Saad, a silver medalist at the 2011 Pan Arab Games[148] who had taken part in the 56 kg class at the 2004 Summer Olympics, was ninth in the 62 kg event.[149] Abdelbaki, another gold medalist from the 2011 Pan Arab Games[150] and a veteran of the 62 kg event at the 2008 Summer Olympics, was tenth in the 69 kg class,[151] while Ramadan, also a gold medalist at the 2011 Pan Arab Games,[152] was fifth in the 77kg event.[153]

    Men
    AthleteEventSnatchClean & jerkTotalRank
    ResultRankResultRank
    Ahmed Saad−62 kg130916292929
    Mohamed Abdelbaki−69 kg14561711131610
    Ibrahim Ramadan−77 kg155519233475
    Ragab Abdelhayalign=left rowspan=2−85 kg165720743725
    Tarek Yehia16572102375
    Women
    AthleteEventSnatchClean & jerkTotalRank
    ResultRankResultRank
    Esmat Mansour−69 kg105713072357
    Abeer Abdelrahman−75 kg11821402258
    Nahla Ramadan+75 kg122415532774

    Key: WR = World record; OR = Olympic record; NR = National record

    Wrestling

    See main article: Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Thirteen Egyptian wrestlers, twelve men and one woman, qualified for the Olympics. In the men's freestyle tournament, only Hassan Madany in the 60 kg class defeated an opponent, winning his bout against Didier Pais of France in the round of 16 before losing to North Korea's Ri Jong-Myong in the quarterfinals. Madany was a veteran of the 2008 tournament, where he lost his first bout against eventual bronze medalist Morad Mohammadi of Iran,[154] and qualified for the 2012 Games by winning the African and Oceania qualification tournament.[155] Among numerous honors, he was a seven-time African champion (2002, 2005–2009, and 2012) and also won gold medals at the 2005 and 2009 Mediterranean Games and the 2011 Pan Arab Games.[156] The only other Egyptian freestyle wrestler to take part in more than one bout was Ibrahim Farag in the 55 kg class, who lost against eventual silver medalist Vladimer Khinchegashvili of Georgia in the qualification round and Bulgaria's Radoslav Velikov in the repechage.[157] He was African senior champion in 2010 and junior champion in 2009.[158]

    Farag, along with Abdou Omar in the 66 kg class, Saleh Emara in the 96 kg class, and El-Desoky Ismail in the 120 kg class, qualified by winning the African and Oceania qualification tournament.[159] Omar, the 2009 and 2010 African champion[160] and a gold medalist at the 2011 Pan American Games,[161] and Emara, who won gold medals at the 2007 All-Africa Games, the 2009 Mediterranean Games, and the 2011 Pan Arab Games,[162] were disqualified after arriving late for their events,[163] while Ismail, a four-time African Champion and bronze medalist at the 2011 Pan Arab Games,[164] was eliminated in the opening round by Tervel Dlagnev of the United States.[165] In women's freestyle wrestling, Rabab Eid qualified for the 55 kg class by coming in second at the African and Oceania qualification tournament, behind Marwa Amri of Tunisia.[159] At the Games, she was defeated by Ukraine's Tetyana Lazareva in the round of 16.[166]

    In Greco-Roman wrestling, Karam Gaber, the gold medal winner in the 96 kg class at the 2004 Summer Olympics, won a silver medal in the 84 kg class after losing the final to Russia's Alan Khugayev. Along the way he defeated Nenad Žugaj of Croatia, Mélonin Noumonvi of France, and Damian Janikowski of Poland.[167] He qualified for the Gamea after winning the African and Oceania qualification tournament.[159] The only other Egyptian wrestler to win a bout was Ashraf El-Gharably in the 66 kg class. Gharably, who qualified for the Games after coming in second in the African and Oceania qualification tournament, behind Mohamed Serir of Tunisia,[159] had held numerous international titles since 1997, when he first won the African championships, and had participated in the 60 kg class at the 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics.[168] In 2012 he defeated Ecuador's Orlando Huacón in the round of 16 before losing to eventual bronze medalist Manuchar Tskhadaia of Georgia in the quarterfinals.[169]

    Sayed Abdelmoneim, competing in the 60 kg class, and Abdelrahman El-Trabely, competing in the 120 kg class, both lost in the first round against one of the eventual finalists and were defeated a second time in the repechage. Abdelmoneim had been the 2010 African champion[170] and had qualified for the Olympics by winning the African and Oceania qualification tournament.[159] In London he lost to Georgia's Revaz Lashkhi and Russia's Zaur Kuramagomedov, eventual silver and bronze medalists respectively.[171] El-Trabely was the 2011 African runner-up[172] and was second in the African and Oceania qualification tournament behind Tunisia's Radhouane Chebbi.[159] At the Games he lost against 2008 and 2012 Olympic champion Mijaín López of Cuba and Guram Pherselidze of Georgia.[173] Mohamed Abouhalima, Islam Tolba, and Mohamed Abdelfatah all lost their opening bouts and were eliminated without appearing in the repechage. Abouhalima, competing in the 55kg class, was the 2011 junior and 2012 senior African champion and won the African and Oceania qualifying tournament.[174] Tolba, competing in the 74 kg class, was the runner up at the 2011 African Championships, 2011 Pan Arab Games, and the African and Oceania qualifying tournament, behind Tunisia's Zied Ayet Ikram of Tunisia all three times.[175] Abdelfatah had accrued numerous international honors since winning the 83 kg class at the 1997 Pan Arab Games and was a veteran of the 85 kg class at the 2000 Summer Olympics and the 84 kg class at the 2004 edition.[176] In London he competed in the 96 kg class and qualified by coming in fifth at the 2011 World Championships.[159]

    Men's freestyle
    AthleteEventQualificationRound of 16QuarterfinalSemifinalRepechage 1Repechage 2Final / BM
    Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Rank
    Ibrahim Farag−55 kg
    L 1–3 PP    		Did not advance
    L 0–3 PO    		Did not advance13
    Hassan Madany−60 kg
    W 3–1 PP
    L 1–3 PP    		Did not advance8
    Abdou Omar-66 kg
    L 0–5 VB    		Did not advance18
    Saleh Emara−96 kg
    L 0–5 VB    		Did not advance19
    El-Desoky Ismail−120 kg
    L 1–3 PP    		Did not advance11
    Men's Greco-Roman
    AthleteEventQualificationRound of 16QuarterfinalSemifinalRepechage 1Repechage 2Final / BM
    Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Opposition
    Result    		Rank
    Mohamed Abouhalima−55 kg
    L 0–3 PO    		Did not advance14
    Sayed Abdelmoneim−60 kg
    L 0–3 PO    		Did not advance
    L 0–3 PO    		Did not advance11
    Ashraf El-Gharably−66 kg
    W 3–1 PP
    L 0–3 PO    		Did not advance10
    Islam Tolba−74 kg
    L 0–3 PO    		Did not advance16
    Karam Gaber−84 kg
    W 3–1 PP
    W 3–1 PP
    W 3–1 PP
    L 0–3 PO
    Mohamed Abdelfatah−96 kg
    L 1–3 PP    		Did not advance13
    Abdelrahman El-Trabely−120 kg
    L 0–3 PO    		Did not advance
    L 1–3 PP    		Did not advance12
    Women's freestyle

    Key: BM = Bronze medal match; VT = Victory by Fall; PP = Decision by Points – the loser with technical points; PO = Decision by Points – the loser without technical points; Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round

    Notes and References

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    2. Web site: London 2012 Closing Ceremony – Flag Bearers . International Olympic Committee . 2012 . 17 March 2014.
    3. The 1912 Olympic report lists Egypt as having sent a fencer to those Games, but there is uncertainty as to whether he actually competed.
    4. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . Egypt at the 2012 London Summer Games . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . January 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200417073930/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/EGY/summer/2012/ . dead . 2020-04-17 . 17 March 2014.
    5. https://web.archive.org/web/20200417073930/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/EGY/summer/2012/ Sports Reference
    6. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . United Arab Republic . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . September 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418135437/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/UAR/ . dead . 2020-04-18 . 20 November 2013.
    7. News: Egypt Olympic team admits to fake Nike gear . . 25 July 2012 . 20 November 2013.
    8. News: London 2012: No more fake uniforms for Egypt's Olympic team . . . 27 July 2012 . 20 November 2013.
    9. Web site: Fencing . Sports and Fitness Magazine . 24 July 2012 . 30 June 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131004045108/http://www.sports-mag.com/75/articles/-Fencing-/index.html . 4 October 2013.
    10. News: ar:جمعية التحدي المراكشي للرماية بالنبال .بلاغ صحفي . ar . مغرب الغد . 18 March 2012 . http://malghad.com/news1889.html . 7 June 2013.
    11. Web site: El-Nemr Ahmed . Archery . . 15 December 2011 . 7 June 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131202232810/http://rs.arabgames2011.qa/ENG/ZB/ZBB101A_AR%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40ENG_number%3D21904.htm . 2 December 2013.
    12. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . Ahmed El-Nemr Bio, Stats, and Results . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . May 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418055854/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/el/ahmed-el-nemr-1.html . dead . 2020-04-18 . 7 June 2013.
    13. Web site: Kamel Nada . Archery . . 15 December 2011 . 7 June 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223247/http://rs.arabgames2011.qa/ENG/ZB/ZBB101A_AR%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40ENG_number%3D21909.htm . 2 December 2013.
    14. Web site: Results – African Archery Championships . Champs . . March 2012 . XLS . 7 June 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130226090754/http://www.africanarchery.org/Federation_of_African_Archery/Champs/Champs_files/FAA%20RESULTS%20-%20ABF.xls . 26 February 2013.
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    16. News: ar:الإصابة تقصي المصرية نورا السيد من سباق 800 متر عدوًا بالأولمبياد . . ar . 8 August 2012 . http://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/156025 . 17 March 2014.
    17. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . Amru Seoud Bio, Stats, and Results . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . July 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418011350/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/se/amru-seoud-1.html . dead . 2020-04-18 . 11 August 2013.
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    19. Web site: Hamada Mohamed . . 8 June 2012 . 11 August 2013.
    20. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . Hamada Mohamed Bio, Stats, and Results . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . July 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418123626/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mo/hamada-mohamed-1.html . dead . 2020-04-18 . 11 August 2013.
    21. Web site: Fuchs . Carole . Tahar Righi . Omar Ahmed El Ghazaly . Focus on Athletes Biography . . 27 August 2010 . 11 August 2013.
    22. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . Omar El-Ghazaly Bio, Stats, and Results . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . July 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418055941/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/el/omar-el-ghazaly-1.html . dead . 2020-04-18 . 11 August 2013.
    23. Web site: Results November 2007 . Performance . L'athlétisme de l'Afrique . November 2007 . 11 August 2013 . fr.
    24. Web site: Javelin Throw – Javelot Men – Hommes . Ranking . 17th CAA Safaricom African Senior Athletics Championships . 1 August 2010 . 11 August 2013.
    25. Web site: Abdelrahman Ehab . Athletics . . 20 December 2011 . 11 August 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131202232629/http://rs.arabgames2011.qa/ENG/ZB/ZBB101A_AT%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40ENG_number%3D21928.htm . 2 December 2013.
    26. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . Ihab Abdelrahman El-Sayed Bio, Stats, and Results . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . July 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170704082141/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ab/ihab-abdelrahman-el-sayed-1.html . dead . 2017-07-04 . 11 August 2013.
    27. Web site: All-Africa Games – Jeux Africains . . 15 September 2011 . 11 August 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120331114508/http://tunisathle.voila.net/Evenements/JAf2011Maputo.pdf . 31 March 2012 . dead.
    28. Web site: 16e Championnats d'Afrique – CAA . . 4 May 2008 . 11 August 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120331114525/http://tunisathle.voila.net/Evenements/ChAfrSen2008Addis.pdf . 31 March 2012 . dead.
    29. Web site: El Gamel Mostafa . Athletics . . 20 December 2011 . 11 August 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223911/http://rs.arabgames2011.qa/ENG/ZB/ZBB101A_AT%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40ENG_number%3D21930.htm . 2 December 2013.
    30. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . Mostafa Al-Gamel Bio, Stats, and Results . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . July 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418104122/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/al/mostafa-al-gamel-1.html . dead . 2020-04-18 . 11 August 2013.
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    32. News: The London forecast . . 25 July 2012 . 4 June 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121216181513/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2012/1108/sp122.htm . 16 December 2012.
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    115. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . Omar Assar Bio, Stats, and Results . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . September 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200417185647/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/as/omar-assar-1.html . dead . 2020-04-17 . 20 November 2013.
    116. Web site: Lashin El-Sayed (EGY) . . 2013 . 20 November 2013.
    117. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . El-Sayed Lashin Bio, Stats, and Results . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . September 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418051130/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/la/el-sayed-lashin-1.html . dead . 2020-04-18 . 20 November 2013.
    118. Web site: Saleh Ahmed Ali (EGY) . . 2013 . 20 November 2013.
    119. Web site: El-Dawlatly Nadeen (EGY) . . 2013 . 20 November 2013.
    120. Web site: Eldawlatly Nadeen . Table Tennis . . 15 December 2011 . 20 November 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131202231713/http://rs.arabgames2011.qa/ENG/ZB/ZBB101A_TT%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40ENG_number%3D22346.htm . 2 December 2013.
    121. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . Nadeen El-Dawlatly Bio, Stats, and Results . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . September 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418060043/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/el/nadeen-el-dawlatly-1.html . dead . 2020-04-18 . 20 November 2013.
    122. Web site: Meshref Dina Alaa (EGY) . . 2013 . 20 November 2013.
    123. Web site: Meshref Dina . Table Tennis . . 15 December 2011 . 20 November 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131202230240/http://rs.arabgames2011.qa/ENG/ZB/ZBB101A_TT%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40ENG_number%3D22345.htm . 2 December 2013.
    124. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . Dina Meshref Bio, Stats, and Results . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . September 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418111451/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/me/dina-meshref-1.html . dead . 2020-04-18 . 20 November 2013.
    125. Web site: Magdy Raghd (EGY) . . 2013 . 20 November 2013.
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    127. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . Tamer Salah Bio, Stats, and Results . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . June 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418085331/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/sa/tamer-salah-1.html . dead . 2020-04-18 . 29 June 2013.
    128. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . Hedaya Malak Bio, Stats, and Results . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . June 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418095432/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ma/hedaya-malak-1.html . dead . 2020-04-18 . 29 June 2013.
    129. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . Abdelrahman Usama Bio, Stats, and Results . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . June 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418111050/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/us/abdelrahman-usama-1.html . dead . 2020-04-18 . 29 June 2013.
    130. Web site: Elsawalhy, Seham . Taekwondo Data . 2013 . 29 June 2013.
    131. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . Seham El-Sawalhy Bio, Stats, and Results . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . June 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418060003/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/el/seham-el-sawalhy-1.html . dead . 2020-04-18 . 29 June 2013.
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    133. Web site: Qualification Team Classification For London Olympic Games – Women . . May 2012 . 4 August 2013.
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    135. Web site: Mohamed Nahla . Weightlifting . . 17 December 2011 . 4 August 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131202221642/http://rs.arabgames2011.qa/ENG/ZB/ZBB101A_WL%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40ENG_number%3D22469.htm . 2 December 2013.
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    137. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . Nahla Ramadan Bio, Stats, and Results . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . July 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418090804/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ra/nahla-ramadan-1.html . dead . 2020-04-18 . 4 August 2013.
    138. Web site: Khalil Abir . Weightlifting . . 17 December 2011 . 4 August 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131202231243/http://rs.arabgames2011.qa/ENG/ZB/ZBB101A_WL%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40ENG_number%3D22464.htm . 2 December 2013.
    139. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . Abir Abdulrahman Bio, Stats, and Results . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . July 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200417184605/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ab/abir-abdulrahman-1.html . dead . 2020-04-17 . 4 August 2013.
    140. Web site: ABIR ABDELRAHMAN Khalil Mahmoud Khalil EGY . 2017 . . 2017-03-12.
    141. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . Esmat Mansur Bio, Stats, and Results . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . July 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418095944/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ma/esmat-mansur-1.html . dead . 2020-04-18 . 4 August 2013.
    142. Web site: Abdelazim Tarek . Weightlifting . . 17 December 2011 . 4 August 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131202234427/http://rs.arabgames2011.qa/ENG/ZB/ZBB101A_WL%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40ENG_number%3D22455.htm . 2 December 2013.
    143. Web site: 78th Men's and 21st Women's World Championships Antalya – TUR 16.09.2010 – 26.09.2010 . . 26 September 2010 . 4 August 2013.
    144. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . Tarek Yehia Bio, Stats, and Results . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . July 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418054040/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ya/tarek-yahia-1.html . dead . 2020-04-18 . 4 August 2013.
    145. Web site: ABDELAZIM Tarek Yehia Fouad EGY . 2017 . . 2017-03-12.
    146. Web site: Abdalla Ragab . Weightlifting . . 17 December 2011 . 4 August 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120109125936/http://rs.arabgames2011.qa/ENG/ZB/ZBB101A_WL%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40ENG_number%3D22456.htm . 9 January 2012.
    147. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . Ragab Abdelhay Bio, Stats, and Results . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . July 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418111026/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ab/ragab-abdelhay-1.html . dead . 2020-04-18 . 4 August 2013.
    148. Web site: Saad Ahmed . Weightlifting . . 17 December 2011 . 4 August 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131202221534/http://rs.arabgames2011.qa/ENG/ZB/ZBB101A_WL%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40ENG_number%3D22451.htm . 2 December 2013.
    149. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . Ahmed Saad Bio, Stats, and Results . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . July 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418085522/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/sa/ahmed-saad-1.html . dead . 2020-04-18 . 4 August 2013.
    150. Web site: Abdelbaki Mohamed . Weightlifting . . 17 December 2011 . 4 August 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120109125930/http://rs.arabgames2011.qa/ENG/ZB/ZBB101A_WL%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40ENG_number%3D22453.htm . 9 January 2012.
    151. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . Mohamed Abdultwab Bio, Stats, and Results . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . July 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418111034/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ab/mohamed-abdultwab-1.html . dead . 2020-04-18 . 4 August 2013.
    152. Web site: Abdelbaki Ibrahim . Weightlifting . . 17 December 2011 . 4 August 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131202231717/http://rs.arabgames2011.qa/ENG/ZB/ZBB101A_WL%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40ENG_number%3D22454.htm . 2 December 2013.
    153. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . Ibrahim Ramadan Bio, Stats, and Results . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . July 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170701113348/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ra/ibrahim-ramadan-1.html . dead . 2017-07-01 . 4 August 2013.
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    155. News: Ja . Crystal . Wrestler Farzad Tarash is off to London . . . 21 March 2012 . 29 June 2013.
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    161. Web site: Ahmed Abdou . Wrestling . . 20 December 2011 . 29 June 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120109073704/http://rs.arabgames2011.qa/ENG/ZB/ZBB101A_WR%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40%40ENG_number%3D22484.htm . 9 January 2012.
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    163. News: Olympics-Wrestling-Late Egyptian pair beaten by the clock . . 12 August 2012 . 29 June 2013.
    164. Web site: El Desouky Abdelraouf, Ismael (EGY) . International Wrestling Database . 10 August 2012 . 29 June 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131203030120/https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/dbfoeldeak/daten.php?spid=FAE99660A149441A994A720860F81528 . 3 December 2013 . dead.
    165. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . El-Desoky Shaban Bio, Stats, and Results . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . June 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418110332/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/sh/el-desoky-shaban-1.html . dead . 2020-04-18 . 29 June 2013.
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    167. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . Karam Gaber Bio, Stats, and Results . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . June 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418010308/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ga/karam-gaber-1.html . dead . 2020-04-18 . 29 June 2013.
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    169. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . Ashraf El-Gharably Bio, Stats, and Results . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . June 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418055936/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/el/ashraf-el-gharably-1.html . dead . 2020-04-18 . 29 June 2013.
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    171. Web site: Gjerde . Arild . Jeroen Heijmans . Bill Mallon . Hilary Evans . Sayed Abdelmonem Bio, Stats, and Results . Olympics . Sports Reference.com . June 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418111018/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ab/sayed-abdelmonem-1.html . dead . 2020-04-18 . 29 June 2013.
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    174. Web site: Abouhalima, Mohamed Said (EGY) . International Wrestling Database . 5 August 2012 . 29 June 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131203031001/https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/dbfoeldeak/daten.php?spid=5D328AE91B42423E84F8E776501896E9 . 3 December 2013 . dead.
    175. Web site: Tolba, Islam Mohamed (EGY) . International Wrestling Database . 5 August 2012 . 29 June 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131203000536/https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/dbfoeldeak/daten.php?spid=B7CCF1254EAD4AEE83432631B36F5DE5 . 3 December 2013 . dead.
    176. Web site: Abd El Fatah, Mohamad (EGY) . International Wrestling Database . 5 August 2012 . 29 June 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131202222618/https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/dbfoeldeak/daten.php?spid=E32CEA3190984CB6A4665AB1C58B5ABB . 2 December 2013 . dead.

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