Edward M. De Robertis Explained

Edward M. De Robertis
Birth Date:6 June 1947
Birth Place:Cambridge, Massachusetts
Fields:embryology
Workplaces:
Alma Mater:
    Doctoral Advisor:John Gurdon
    Known For:Dorsal-Ventral patterning, Evo-Devo, Xenopus
    Website:https://www.hhmi.ucla.edu/derobertis/
    Spouses:)-->

    Edward Michael De Robertis (born June 6, 1947) is an American embryologist and Professor at the University of California, Los Angeles.[1] [2] His work has contributed to the finding of conserved molecular processes of embryonic inductions that result in tissue differentiations during animal development.[3] He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2013, worked for the Howard Hughes Medical Institute for 26 years, and holds a Distinguished Professor at the University of California, Los Angeles.[4] [5] In 2009 Pope Benedict XVI appointed De Robertis to a lifetime position in the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and in 2022 Pope Francis appointed him Councillor of the Academy for four years.[6] [7]

    Early life and education

    Edward De Robertis was born on June 6, 1947, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, while his father, neurobiologist Eduardo Diego De Robertis, was an MIT postdoctoral fellow. From the age of three, he was reared in Uruguay, where he received his medical degree at age 24 from the Universidad de la República del Uruguay. This was followed by the completion of a Ph.D. in chemistry at the Leloir Institute in Buenos Aires, Argentina.[8] [9]

    Career and research

    De Robertis' postdoctoral training (1974-1977) was with Nobel laureate Sir John Gurdon at the Medical Research Council in Cambridge England.

    In 1984, De Robertis together with his late colleague Walter Gehring's and their laboratories cloned the first vertebrate development-controlling gene, today known as Hox-C6.[10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] Hox genes are responsible for anterior-to-posterior (head-to-tail) differentiation. The finding that Hox genes are conserved in both vertebrates and fruit flies heralded the beginning of the nascent scientific field of Evolution and Development, or Evo-Devo.[16] [17] [18]

    In the 1990s, the laboratory of De Robertis dissected systematically the molecular pathways that mediate embryonic induction.[19] [20] Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold discovered in 1924 an area of the amphibian embryo that, when transplanted, might promote the creation of Siamese twins.[21] De Robertis identified the genes expressed in Xenopus embryos in this area, beginning with the goosecoid homeobox gene.[22] [23]

    Together with his colleagues, he discovered Chordin, a protein secreted by dorsal cells that binds Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) growth factors, facilitating their transport to the ventral side of the embryo, where Chordin is digested by a protease called Tolloid, allowing BMPs to signal once more.[24] [25] [26] In most bilateral species, such as fruit flies, spiders, early chordates, and mammals, this flow of growth factors dictates dorsal (back) to ventral (belly) cell and tissue differentiation. The Chordin/BMP/Tolloid biochemical pathway is cross-regulated by interactions with other signalling pathways such as Wnt.[27] His lab has recently established a link between the canonical Wnt pathway, macropinocytosis, multivesicular endosomes, lysosomes, and protein degradation.[28] [29] [30]

    He has also served for over two decades on the scientific board of the Pew Charitable Trusts Latin American Fellows programme.

    Honors and awards

    Publications

    External links

    Notes and References

    1. Web site: Edward M. De Robertis – Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA . 2022-09-26 . en-US . 2022-09-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220920220338/https://www.biolchem.ucla.edu/people/edward-m-de-robertis/ . live .
    2. Viegas . Jennifer . 2013-12-17 . Profile of Edward M. De Robertis . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . en . 110 . 51 . 20349–20351 . 10.1073/pnas.1320552110 . 0027-8424 . 3870733 . 24277844. 2013PNAS..11020349V . free .
    3. De Robertis . M . Edward . April 2006 . Spemann's organizer and self-regulation in amphibian embryos . Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology . en . 7 . 4 . 296–302 . 10.1038/nrm1855 . 1471-0080 . 2464568 . 16482093 .
    4. Web site: Edward M. De Robertis . 2022-09-26 . www.pas.va . en . 2022-07-01 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220701130224/https://www.pas.va/en/academicians/ordinary/de_robertis.html . live .
    5. Web site: Edward Michael De Robertis . 2022-09-26 . American Academy of Arts & Sciences . en . 2022-10-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221002132142/https://www.amacad.org/person/edward-michael-de-robertis . live .
    6. Web site: Edward M. De Robertis . 2022-09-26 . HHMI . en . 2019-12-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191220191731/https://www.hhmi.org/scientists/edward-m-de-robertis . live .
    7. Web site: Two UCLA faculty elected to National Academy of Sciences UCLA Health . 2022-09-26 . www.uclahealth.org . 2021-10-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211026051159/https://www.uclahealth.org/news/two-ucla-faculty-elected-to-national-academy-of-sciences . live .
    8. Web site: Edward De Robertis – Molecular Biology Institute . 2022-09-26 . en-US . 2022-01-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220124222554/https://www.mbi.ucla.edu/archives/faculty/edward-de-robertis . live .
    9. Web site: Edward De Robertis - Biozentrum . 2022-09-26 . www.biozentrum.unibas.ch . 2022-10-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221002132146/https://www.biozentrum.unibas.ch/emeriti-former-professors/former-professors/edward-de-robertis . live .
    10. Web site: Edward Michael De Robertis . 2022-09-26 . American Academy of Arts & Sciences . en . 2022-10-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221002132142/https://www.amacad.org/person/edward-michael-de-robertis . live .
    11. Hussain . Imran . Bhan . Arunoday . Ansari . Khairul I. . Deb . Paromita . Bobzean . Samara A. M. . Perrotti . Linda I. . Mandal . Subhrangsu S. . 2015-06-01 . Bisphenol-A induces expression of HOXC6, an estrogen-regulated homeobox-containing gene associated with breast cancer . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms . en . 1849 . 6 . 697–708 . 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.02.003 . 1874-9399 . 4437882 . 25725483.
    12. Web site: Edward M. De Robertis . 2022-09-26 . www.nasonline.org . 2019-03-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190324143219/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/3008582.html . live .
    13. Book: Nolte . Christof . Expression of Hox Genes in the Nervous System of Vertebrates . Krumlauf . Robb . 2013 . Landes Bioscience . en . 2022-10-02 . 2022-10-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221002132146/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK6519/ . live .
    14. Web site: Edward De Robertis - Biozentrum . 2022-09-26 . www.biozentrum.unibas.ch . 2022-10-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221002132146/https://www.biozentrum.unibas.ch/emeriti-former-professors/former-professors/edward-de-robertis . live .
    15. Web site: Edward De Robertis – Molecular Biology Institute . 2022-09-26 . en-US . 2022-01-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220124222554/https://www.mbi.ucla.edu/archives/faculty/edward-de-robertis . live .
    16. Web site: Dr. Edward De Robertis on exploring our ancient genetic toolbox . 2022-09-26 . UCLA . en-US . 2021-10-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211024193844/https://newsroom.ucla.edu/stories/dr-edward-de-robertis-on-the-complex-processes-behind-animal-development . live .
    17. Web site: Edward De Robertis – Molecular Biology Institute . 2022-09-26 . en-US . 2022-01-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220124222554/https://www.mbi.ucla.edu/archives/faculty/edward-de-robertis . live .
    18. De Robertis . Eddy M. . April 2008 . Eddy M. De Robertis . Current Biology . en . 18 . 8 . R318–R320 . 10.1016/j.cub.2008.02.037 . 2606973 . 18561377 .
    19. Viegas . Jennifer . 2013-12-17 . Profile of Edward M. De Robertis . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . en . 110 . 51 . 20349–20351 . 10.1073/pnas.1320552110 . 0027-8424 . 3870733 . 24277844. 2013PNAS..11020349V . free .
    20. Niehrs . Christof . 2020-08-05 . Lessons from the Organizer - an interview with Edward (Eddy) M. De Robertis . International Journal of Developmental Biology . en . 65 . 1–2–3 . 111–122 . 10.1387/ijdb.190298cn . 0214-6282 . 32813267 . 221180740 . 2022-10-02 . 2022-10-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221002132150/http://www.ijdb.ehu.es/web/paper/190298cn . live . free .
    21. Web site: Spemann-Mangold Organizer The Embryo Project Encyclopedia . 2022-09-26 . embryo.asu.edu . 2022-04-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220402153712/https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/spemann-mangold-organizer . live .
    22. Niehrs . Christof . 2020-08-05 . Lessons from the Organizer - an interview with Edward (Eddy) M. De Robertis . International Journal of Developmental Biology . en . 65 . 1–2–3 . 111–122 . 10.1387/ijdb.190298cn . 0214-6282 . 32813267 . 221180740 . 2022-10-02 . 2022-10-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221002132150/http://www.ijdb.ehu.es/web/paper/190298cn . live . free .
    23. Robertis . Edward M. De . Gurdon . John B. . 2021-03-30 . A Brief History of Xenopus in Biology . Cold Spring Harbor Protocols . 2021 . 12 . pdb.top107615 . en . 10.1101/pdb.top107615 . 1940-3402 . 33785561 . 232431470 . 2022-10-02 . 2022-10-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221002132146/http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/early/2021/03/30/pdb.top107615 . live . free .
    24. Plouhinec . Jean-Louis . Zakin . Lise . Moriyama . Yuki . De Robertis . Edward M. . 2013-12-17 . Chordin forms a self-organizing morphogen gradient in the extracellular space between ectoderm and mesoderm in the Xenopus embryo . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . en . 110 . 51 . 20372–20379 . 10.1073/pnas.1319745110 . 0027-8424 . 3870759 . 24284174. 2013PNAS..11020372P . free .
    25. Web site: Untitled Document . 2022-10-02 . www.hhmi.ucla.edu . 2020-10-21 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201021181426/http://www.hhmi.ucla.edu/derobertis/EDR_MS/chd_page/chordin.html . live .
    26. De Robertis . Edward M. . Moriyama . Yuki . Colozza . Gabriele . September 2017 . Generation of animal form by the Chordin/Tolloid/BMP gradient: 100 years after D'Arcy Thompson . Development, Growth & Differentiation . en . 59 . 7 . 580–592 . 10.1111/dgd.12388 . 28815565 . 22076923 . free .
    27. De Robertis . Edward M. . Moriyama . Yuki . Colozza . Gabriele . September 2017 . Generation of animal form by the Chordin/Tolloid/BMP gradient: 100 years after D'Arcy Thompson . Development, Growth & Differentiation . en . 59 . 7 . 580–592 . 10.1111/dgd.12388 . 28815565 . 22076923 . free .
    28. Albrecht . Lauren V. . Tejeda-Muñoz . Nydia . De Robertis . Edward M. . 2021-10-06 . Cell Biology of Canonical Wnt Signaling . Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology . en . 37 . 1 . 369–389 . 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120319-023657 . 34196570 . 235698046 . 1081-0706 . 2022-10-02 . 2022-08-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220802110208/https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120319-023657 . live .
    29. Web site: Archived copy . 2022-10-02 . www.hhmi.ucla.edu . 2017-07-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170708070914/http://www.hhmi.ucla.edu/derobertis/EDR_MS/MVBs_and_Wnt_page/MVBs_and_Wnt.html . live .
    30. De Robertis . Edward M. . Moriyama . Yuki . Colozza . Gabriele . September 2017 . Generation of animal form by the Chordin/Tolloid/BMP gradient: 100 years after D'Arcy Thompson . Development, Growth & Differentiation . en . 59 . 7 . 580–592 . 10.1111/dgd.12388 . 28815565 . 22076923 . free .
    31. Web site: Sorbonne Université . 2016-08-15 . 2016-09-21 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160921081903/http://www.upmc.fr/fr/universite/histoire_et_personnalites/les_docteurs_honoris_causa/dhc2013/edward_m_de_robertis.html . live .
    32. Carrasco . A. E. . McGinnis . W. . Gehring . W. J. . De Robertis . E. M. . June 1984 . Cloning of an X. laevis gene expressed during early embryogenesis coding for a peptide region homologous to Drosophila homeotic genes . Cell . 37 . 2 . 409–414 . 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90371-4 . 0092-8674 . 6327066 . 30114443 . 2022-10-02 . 2020-07-21 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200721150350/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6327066/ . live .
    33. Poli . Stefano . Facchin . Domenico . Rizzetto . Francesca . Rebellato . Luca . Daleffe . Elisabetta . Toniolo . Mauro . Miconi . Antonella . Altinier . Alessandro . Lanera . Corrado . Indrigo . Stefano . Comisso . Jennifer . Proclemer . Alessandro . 2019-01-08 . Prognostic role of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia detected with remote interrogation in a pacemaker population . International Journal of Cardiology. Heart & Vasculature . 22 . 92–95 . 10.1016/j.ijcha.2018.12.011 . 2352-9067 . 6327066 . 30671534 .
    34. De Robertis . E. M. . Sasai . Y. . 1996-03-07 . A common plan for dorsoventral patterning in Bilateria . Nature . 380 . 6569 . 37–40 . 10.1038/380037a0 . 0028-0836 . 8598900 . 1996Natur.380...37D . 4355458 . 2022-10-02 . 2022-06-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220617011324/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8598900/ . live .
    35. De Robertis . Edward M. . Tejeda-Muñoz . Nydia . 2022-07-01 . Evo-Devo of Urbilateria and its larval forms . Developmental Biology . en . 487 . 10–20 . 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.04.003 . 35443190 . 248234939 . 0012-1606. free .
    36. Blum . M. . Gaunt . S. J. . Cho . K. W. . Steinbeisser . H. . Blumberg . B. . Bittner . D. . De Robertis . E. M. . 1992-06-26 . Gastrulation in the mouse: the role of the homeobox gene goosecoid . Cell . 69 . 7 . 1097–1106 . 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90632-m . 0092-8674 . 1352187 . 16692357 . 2022-10-02 . 2022-01-21 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220121040210/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1352187/ . live .
    37. Sasai . Y. . Lu . B. . Steinbeisser . H. . Geissert . D. . Gont . L. K. . De Robertis . E. M. . 1994-12-02 . Xenopus chordin: a novel dorsalizing factor activated by organizer-specific homeobox genes . Cell . 79 . 5 . 779–790 . 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90068-x . 0092-8674 . 3082463 . 8001117 .
    38. Piccolo . S. . Sasai . Y. . Lu . B. . De Robertis . E. M. . 1996-08-23 . Dorsoventral patterning in Xenopus: inhibition of ventral signals by direct binding of chordin to BMP-4 . Cell . 86 . 4 . 589–598 . 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80132-4 . 0092-8674 . 3070603 . 8752213 .
    39. Piccolo . S. . Agius . E. . Lu . B. . Goodman . S. . Dale . L. . De Robertis . E. M. . 1997-10-31 . Cleavage of Chordin by Xolloid metalloprotease suggests a role for proteolytic processing in the regulation of Spemann organizer activity . Cell . 91 . 3 . 407–416 . 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80424-9 . 0092-8674 . 3070600 . 9363949 .
    40. Lee . Hojoon X. . Ambrosio . Andrea L. . Reversade . Bruno . De Robertis . E. M. . 2006-01-13 . Embryonic dorsal-ventral signaling: secreted frizzled-related proteins as inhibitors of tolloid proteinases . Cell . 124 . 1 . 147–159 . 10.1016/j.cell.2005.12.018 . 0092-8674 . 2486255 . 16413488 .

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