E. H. Harriman Explained

E. H. Harriman
Birth Name:	Edward Henry Harriman
Birth Date:	February 20, 1848
Birth Place:	Hempstead, New York, U.S.
Death Place:	Orange County, New York, U.S.
Resting Place:	St. John's Church Cemetery, Arden, New York
Known For:	Harriman Alaska expedition
Spouse:	Mary Williamson Averell (m. 1879)
Children:	Mary Harriman Rumsey Henry Neilson Harriman Cornelia Harriman Gerry^[1] Carol A. Harriman William Averell Harriman Edward Roland Noel Harriman
Relatives:	Anne Harriman Vanderbilt (cousin) Oliver Harriman Jr. (cousin) J. Borden Harriman (cousin) Herbert M. Harriman (cousin)

Edward Henry Harriman (February 20, 1848 – September 9, 1909) was an American financier and railroad executive.^[2]

Early life

Harriman was born on February 20, 1848, in Hempstead, New York, the son of Orlando Harriman Sr., an Episcopal clergyman, and Cornelia Neilson.^[3] He had a brother, Orlando Harriman Jr.^[4] His great-grandfather, William Harriman, had emigrated from England in 1795 and became a successful businessman and trader.

As a young boy, Harriman spent a summer working at the Greenwood Iron Furnace in the area owned by the Robert Parker Parrott family that would become Harriman State Park. He quit school at age 14 to take a job as an errand boy on Wall Street in New York City. His uncle Oliver Harriman had earlier established a career there. By age 22, he was a member of the New York Stock Exchange.

Career

Harriman's father-in-law was president of the Ogdensburg and Lake Champlain Railroad Company, which aroused Harriman's interest in upstate New York transportation. In 1881, at age 33, Harriman acquired the small, broken-down Lake Ontario Southern Railroad. He renamed it the Sodus Bay & Southern, reorganized it, and sold it to the Pennsylvania Railroad at a considerable profit. This was the start of his career as a rebuilder of bankrupt railroads.

Harriman was nearly 50 years old when in 1897 he became a director of the Union Pacific Railroad. By May 1898, he was chairman of the executive committee, and from that time until his death, his word was the law on the Union Pacific system. In 1903, he assumed the office of president of the company. From 1901 to 1909, Harriman was also the president of the Southern Pacific Railroad. The vision of a unified UP/SP railroad was planted with Harriman. (The UP and SP were reunited on September 11, 1996, a month after the Surface Transportation Board approved their merger.)

At the time of his death Harriman controlled the Union Pacific, the Southern Pacific, the Saint Joseph and Grand Island, the Illinois Central, the Central of Georgia, the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, and the Wells Fargo Express Company. Estimates of his estate ranged from $150 million to $200 million. That fortune was left entirely to his wife.

Harriman Alaska expedition

See main article: Harriman Alaska expedition. In 1899, Harriman sponsored and accompanied a scientific expedition to catalog the flora and fauna of the Alaska coastline. Many prominent scientists and naturalists went on the expedition, aboard the luxuriously refitted 250feet steamer SS George W. Elder.^{[5] [6]}

Interest in ju-jitsu

Harriman became interested in ju-jitsu after his two-month visit to Japan in 1905.^[7] When he returned to America, he brought with him a troupe of six Japanese ju-jitsu wrestlers, including the prominent judokas Tsunejiro Tomita and Mitsuyo Maeda.^[8] Among many performances, the troupe gave an exhibition that drew some 600 spectators in the Columbia University gymnasium on February 7, 1905.^[9]

Personal life

In 1879, Harriman married Mary Williamson Averell, daughter of William J. Averell, a banker in Ogdensburg, New York.^[10] Together they had six children:

• Mary Harriman (1881–1934), who married Charles Cary Rumsey (1879–1922), a sculptor, in 1910.^[11]
• Henry Neilson Harriman (1883–1888), who died young.
• Cornelia Harriman (1884–1966),^[1] who married Robert Livingston Gerry Sr. (1877–1957) in 1908.^[12]
• Carol Averell Harriman (1889–1948),^[13] who married Richard Penn Smith Jr. (1893–1929) in 1917.^[14] After his death, she married W. Plunket Stewart, who had previously been married and divorced from Elsie Cassatt, the daughter of Alexander Cassatt, in 1930.^[15]
• William Averell Harriman (1891-1986), the Secretary of Commerce under President Harry S. Truman, the 48th Governor of New York, the U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union and U.S. Ambassador to Britain. He was married three times: First to Kitty Lanier Lawrance (from 1915 until their divorce in 1929), then Marie Norton Whitney (from 1930 until her death in 1970), then lastly Pamela Beryl Digby Churchill Hayward (from 1971 until his death in 1986)^[16]
• Edward Roland Noel Harriman (1895–1978), who married Gladys Fries (1896–1983) in 1917.^[17]

Harriman died on September 9, 1909, at his home, Arden, at 1:30 p.m. at age 61.^{[18] [3]} Naturalist John Muir, who had joined him on the 1899 Alaska expedition, wrote in his eulogy of Harriman, "In almost every way, he was a man to admire."

Harriman estate

In 1885, Harriman acquired "Arden", the 7863acres Parrott family estate in the Ramapo Highlands near Tuxedo, New York, for $52,500. The property had been a source of iron ore for the Parrott Brothers Iron Works. Over the next several years he purchased almost 40 nearby parcels of land, adding 20000acres, and connected all of them with of bridle paths. His 100000abbr=onNaNabbr=on residence, Arden House, was completed just seven months before he died.

In the early 1900s, his sons W. Averell Harriman and E. Roland Harriman hired landscape architect Arthur P. Kroll to landscape many acres. In 1910, his widow donated 10000acres to the state of New York for Harriman State Park. The estate was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1966.

Legacy

Award

• In 1913, his widow created the E. H. Harriman Award to recognize outstanding achievements in railway safety. The award has been presented on an annual basis since then.
• Stephen Birmingham writes in the book Our Crowd that "Ned" Harriman was considered one of the most disagreeable men of his period. The book quotes James Stillman of the National City Bank calling him "not a safe man to do business with, yet the Illinois Central run by Harriman was one of the best-run and most profitable in the country."^[19]

Namesakes

• Harriman, New York
• The Union Pacific Harriman Dispatch Center in Omaha, Nebraska is named for Edward H. Harriman.
• Harriman Glacier in Alaska's Chugach National Forest, located in Whittier, Alaska, was named for him by the Harriman Alaska expedition
• Two post offices in Oregon were named for Harriman, including the one at Rocky Point, where he maintained a summer camp for several years.^[20]
• Financial and business publisher Harriman House is named after Harriman.
• The city of Sparks, Nevada, was known as Harriman during its early existence.
• Harriman State Park in Tuxedo, New York
• Harriman State Park in Island Park, Idaho

Places built using funds donated from his sponsorship or estate

• Harriman founded the Tompkins Square Boys' Club, now known as The Boys' Club of New York. The original club, founded in 1876, was located in the rented basement of the Wilson School in Manhattan's Lower East Side, and began with three boys.^[21] Harriman's idea for the club was to provide a place "for the boys, so as to get them off the streets and teach them better manners."^[22] By 1901, the club had outgrown its space. Harriman purchased several lots on 10th and Avenue A, and a five-story clubhouse was completed in 1901.^[23]
• Inheritance taxes from Harriman's estate, in the amount of $798,546 paid by his widow on March 1, 1911, to the State of Utah, helped fund the construction of the state's capital.

In popular culture

• Harriman is the topic of a verse in the song "The Yama Yama Man" (1908) that concerns the war of succession with Stuyvesant Fish over the Illinois Central Railroad around 1906.
• Harriman is mentioned in the movie Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969), as the commercial baron whose agents become the title characters' nemeses. In the film's second train robbery, a railroad employee ascribes his refusal to cooperate with the robbery to his obligations to Harriman personally, and one of Butch and Sundance's intimates describes Harriman's hiring of famed outlaw-hunters to track down the gang's leaders.
• In the movie The Wild Bunch (1969), a railroad official named Pat Harrigan serves as a stand-in for Harriman.
• Harriman is a playable character in the video game series Railroad Tycoon.
• Harriman is one of the several prominent industrial figures who serve as inspiration for Leviticus Cornwall in the 2018 video game Red Dead Redemption 2.
• Science fiction author Robert A. Heinlein’s Future History stories feature a “robber baron” character named D.D. Harriman, a probable reference to E.H. Harriman.

See also

• List of railroad executives

Further reading

• Haeg, Larry, Harriman vs Hill: Wall Street's Great Railroad War, University of Minnesota Press, 2013
• Hofsommer, Don L. "For Territorial Dominion in California and the Pacific Northwest: Edward H. Harriman and James J. Hill." California History 70.1 (1991): 30-45. DOI: 10.2307/25158551
• Hofsommer, Don L. "Rivals for California: The Great Northern and the Southern Pacific, 1905-1931." Montana: The Magazine of Western History 38.2 (1988): 58-67.
• Hofsommer, Don L. Minneapolis and the age of railways (2005)
• Kahn, Otto H., Edward Henry Harriman (1911), reprinted as "The Last Figure of an Epoch: Edward Henry Harriman," in Our Economic and Other Problems (1920)
• Klein, Maury. The Life & Legend of EH Harriman (U of North Carolina Press, 2000), The standard scholarly biography
• Book: Kennan, George . The Salton Sea: An Account of Harriman's Fight With The Colorado River . 1917 . The MacMillan Company . New York .
• Book: Kennan, George . E. H. Harriman's Far Eastern Plans . 1917 . The Country Life Press . Boston .
• Book: Kennan, George . E. H. Harriman: A Biography, Vol I . 1922 . Houghton Mifflin . Boston .
• Book: Kennan, George . E. H. Harriman: A Biography, Vol II . 1922 . Houghton Mifflin . Boston .
• Keys . C.M. . January 1907 . Harriman I: The Man In The Making, His Early Life and Start . . XIII . 8455–8464 .
• Keys . C.M. . February 1907 . Harriman II: The Building of His Empire . . XIII . 8537–8552 .
• Keys . C.M. . March 1907 . Harriman III: The Spinner of Golden Webs . . XIII . 8651–8664 .
• Keys . C.M. . March 1907 . Harriman IV: Salvage of the Two Pacifics . . XIII . 8791–8803 .
• Meyer . Balthazar Henry . Balthasar H. Meyer . July 1906 . A History of the Northern Securities Case . Bulletin of the University of Wisconsin . 142 . Also see Northern Securities Co. v. United States.
• Muir, John, Edward Henry Harriman (1911)
• Myles, William J., Harriman Trails, A Guide and History, The New York-New Jersey Trail Conference, New York, N.Y., 1999
• Book: Ripley, William Zebina . Railroads: Finance and Organization . William Z. Ripley . 1915 . Longmans, Green, and Co. . New York .
• "In the Matter of Consolidations and Combinations of Carriers," Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, XII (1908)
• Articles and estimates of his life and work in Cosmopolitan, Mar. 1903, July 1909; Moody's Mag., Oct. 1906, Oct. 1909; Am. Rev. of Revs., Jan. 1907, Oct. 1909; McClure's Mag., Oct. 1909, Jan. 1911; N. Y. Times and N. Y. Sun, September 10, 1909; Railway World, September 17, 1909.

External links

• University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections – Harriman Alaska Expedition of 1899 254 photographs from 1899 of Edward Harriman's scientific expedition to Alaska, including images of Alaskan Native Americans and their villages, scenic views of the coastline, glaciers and Alaskan towns.

Notes and References

1. News: Mrs. Robert L. Gerry Dies at 82. Last Daughter of E.H. Harriman . Mrs. Cornelia Harriman Gerry, widow of Robert L. Gerry, financier and sportsman, died yesterday, at her home at 79 East 79th Street. She was 82 years old. ... . . May 30, 1966 . 2012-11-22 .
2. Book: Kennan, George . E. H. Harriman: A Biography in Two Volumes . 1 . Boston . Houghton Mifflin Company, The Riverside Press Cambridge . 1922 . 62, 95, 132. 9780795020841 .
3. News: Edward H. Harriman . Edward Henry Harriman was born in New Jersey [sic] in 1848. His father was an ordained deacon in the Presbyterian Church, his mother a well-connected socialite from New Jersey. ... . . 2012-11-22 .
4. News: Orlando Harriman Dead. Brother of E.H. Harriman and Big Realty Operator . Orlando Harriman, brother or the late EH Harriman, died early yesterday in Dr. John Walker's Sanitarium, 33 East Thirty-third Street, from a complication of ... . The New York Times . December 30, 1911 . 2012-11-22 .
5. Web site: E.H. Harriman: Harriman Expedition Retraced. PBS.
6. Ken Chowder, "North to Alaska" Smithsonian (June 2003) 34#3 pp 92101.
7. News: HARRIMAN TO VISIT JAPAN.; He Will Take His Family and Be Away Several Months.. September 5, 2010. The New York Times. June 28, 1905.
8. News: JU-JITSU AS IN JAPAN.; E.H. Harriman's Troupe of Six Clever Wrestlers and Swordsmen.. September 5, 2010. The New York Times. February 4, 1906.
9. News: JUDO FOR SELF-DEFENCE. September 5, 2010. New-York Daily Tribune. February 8, 1906. Library of Congress. Washington, DC.. 5.
10. News: Mrs. E.H. Harriman Dies at Age of 81. Widow of Railroad Financier, Who Left to Her His Entire Estate of $100,000,000. Noted For Philanthropies. Aided Red Cross and Artistic and Educational Causes. Interested In Rail Workers' Welfare . The New York Times . November 8, 1932 . 2012-11-22 .
11. News: MRS. RUMSEY DIES AFTER HUNT INJURY; Pneumonia Follows Accident in Virginia Nov. 17 When Her Horse Fell on Her.. 7 May 2017. The New York Times. 19 December 1934.
12. News: Staff. Peter G. Gerry, Ex-Senator, Dies Hours Before His Brother Robert Rhode Island Democrat, 78, Was a Foe of New Deal— Supported Strong Navy. 7 April 2016. The New York Times. November 1, 1957.
13. News: November 4, 1948 . MRS. W. P. STEWART, HORSEWOMAN, IS DEAD . en . The New York Times . subscription . 9 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220409170715/https://www.nytimes.com/1948/11/04/archives/mrs-w-p-stewart-ij-horsewoman-is-dead.html . 9 April 2022 . dead.
14. News: CAROL HARRIMAN TO WED R. PENN SMITH, JR.; Youngest Daughter of the Late Financier Is Engaged to Philadelphian.. 7 May 2017. The New York Times. 9 June 1917.
15. News: MRS. C.A.H. SMITH WEDS W.P. STEWART; Daughter of Mrs. E. Henry Harriman Is Married to Philadelphian at Her Country Home.WEDDING GIVES SURPRISENo Announcement Had Been Madeof Betrothal of Widow of R. PennSmith and Banker. Kin of Judge William Averell.. 7 May 2017. The New York Times. 18 September 1930.
16. News: Mrs. W. Averell Harriman Dies; Former Governor's Wife Was 67 . The New York Times . September 27, 1970 . February 17, 2015.
17. News: E. Roland Harriman Is Dead at 82; Financier and Trotting Sponsor. 7 May 2017. The New York Times. 17 February 1978.
18. News: Harriman Dead. News Delayed. Financier's End Came at 1:30 o'clock, with His Family About His Bedside. The Official Announcement Had Set the Hour of Death Some Two Hours Later. Cancer or Tuberculosis of the Bowels Each Said to be the Cause. Universal Tributes to His Genius and Indomitable Courage. The Financial World Not Taken Unaware . Edward H. Harriman died at Arden House this afternoon at 1:30 o'clock. The news of his death was withheld for two hours when the official announcement was made that the financier had passed away at 3:35 o'clock. . The New York Times . September 9, 1909. 2015-02-04 .
19. Stephen Birmingham, Our Crowd: The Great Jewish Families of New York, at p. 169-170
20. 448, 567, 820.
21. Web site: BCNY History . Boys' Club of New York . March 7, 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120402032209/http://bcny.org/meet-bcny/bcny-history . April 2, 2012 . mdy-all.
22. Kennan, p. 26
23. Kennan, p. 39