| Edward Dickinson | |
| State1: | Massachusetts |
| Term Start1: | March 4, 1853 |
| Term End1: | March 3, 1855 |
| Predecessor1: | Zeno Scudder |
| Successor1: | Calvin C. Chaffee |
| Birth Date: | 1 January 1803 |
| Birth Place: | Amherst, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Death Place: | Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Party: | Whig |
| Spouse: | Emily Norcross Dickinson |
| Children: | Austin, Emily, Lavinia |
| Alma Mater: | Yale College Northampton Law School |
| Occupation: | Lawyer |
Edward Dickinson (January 1, 1803 – June 16, 1874) was an American politician from Massachusetts. He is also known as the father of the poet Emily Dickinson; their family home in Amherst, the Emily Dickinson Museum, is a museum dedicated to her.
Dickinson, the eldest son of Hon. Samuel Fowler Dickinson and Lucretia (Gunn) Dickinson, was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, where he attended public schools and the Amherst Academy. He graduated from Yale College in 1823 and studied at Northampton Law School in Northampton, Massachusetts. He was admitted to the bar and commenced law practice in Amherst in 1826. On May 6, 1828, he married Emily Norcross Dickinson, née Norcross,(1804–1882); they had three children: William Austin, Emily Elizabeth, and Lavinia Norcross.
Dickinson served as treasurer of Amherst College from 1835 until 1873. He received an honorary LL.D. from Amherst in 1863. He served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives 1838–1839 and in the Massachusetts Senate from 1842 to 1843. He was a member of the Massachusetts Governor's Council in 1846 and 1847. He was then elected as a Whig to the United States Congress 1853–1855 and subsequently declined candidacy for the Republican nomination of Lieutenant Governor in 1861 before returning to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1873. He was elected for the main purpose of securing to the town the advantages of the Massachusetts Central Railroad. On the morning of June 16, 1874, after a careful speech in the House on his connection with the Hoosac Tunnel, he suffered an apoplexy and died at his hotel before evening. He is buried in Amherst's West Cemetery.