| Parliament House | |
| Native Name: | Finnish: Eduskuntatalo Swedish: Riksdagshuset |
| Building Type: | Governmental |
| Architectural Style: | Nordic Classicism |
| Address: | Mannerheimintie 30 |
| Location: | Etu-Töölö, Helsinki, Finland |
| Owner: | Finnish Government |
| Coordinates: | 60.1725°N 24.9333°W |
| Start Date: | 1926 |
| Completion Date: | 7 March 1931 |
| Height: | 25m |
| Floor Count: | 6 |
| Main Contractor: | Finnish Government |
| Architect: | Johan Sigfrid Sirén |
The Parliament House (Finnish: Eduskuntatalo, Swedish: Riksdagshuset) is the seat of the Parliament of Finland. It is located in the Finnish capital Helsinki, in the district of Etu-Töölö.
In 1923 a competition was held to choose a site for a new parliament house. Arkadianmäki, a hill beside what is now Mannerheimintie, was chosen as the best site.
The architectural competition which was held in 1924 was won by the firm of Borg–Sirén–Åberg with a proposal called Oratoribus (Latin for "for the speakers"). Johan Sigfrid Sirén (1889–1961), who was mainly responsible for preparing the proposal, was given the task of designing Parliament House. The building was constructed 1926–1931 and was officially inaugurated on March 7, 1931.[1] Ever since then, and especially during the Winter War and Continuation War, it has been the scene of many key moments in the nation's political life.[2] [3] [4]
Sirén designed Parliament House in a stripped classical architectural style combining Neoclassicism with early twentieth century modernism. Sirén's combination of simplified columns and balusters with simplified planar geometry bears comparison to similar explorations by Erik Gunnar Asplund and Jože Plečnik. The exterior is red Kalvola granite. The façade is lined by fourteen columns with Corinthian capitals.
The building has five floors, each of which is unique. The floors are connected by a white marble staircase and famous paternoster lifts. Most important for visitors are the main lobby, the stately debate chamber (Session Hall) and the large reception hall (State Hall).
Notable later additions to the building are the library annex completed in 1978 and a separate office block, Finnish Parliament Annex (Finnish: Pikkuparlamentti), the necessity of which was an object of some controversy, completed in 2004.[5]
The first floor contains the main lobby, the Speaker's reception rooms, the newspaper room, the information service, the documents office, the messenger centre, the copying room, the restaurant, and some separate function rooms. At both ends of the lobby are marble staircases leading up to the fifth floor.[5]
The second floor, also known as the main floor, is centered on the plenary chamber. Its galleries have seats for the public, the press, and diplomats. Also located on this floor are the reception hall (the Hall of State), the Speaker's Corridor, the Government Corridor, the cafeteria, and adjacent function rooms.[5]
The third floor includes facilities for the information unit and the media, and provides direct access to the press gallery of the plenary chamber. The Minutes Office and a number of committee rooms are also located here.[5]
The fourth floor is reserved for committees. Its largest rooms are the Grand Committee room and the Finance Committee room.[5]
The fifth floor contains meeting rooms and offices for the parliamentary groups. Additional offices for the parliamentary groups are located on the sixth floor, along with additional facilities for the media.[5]
Most of the statues of former presidents of the Republic of Finland have been placed in the vicinity of the Parliament House. On the lawn in front of the house are the statue of Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg from 1959[6] and the statue of Pehr Evind Svinhufvud from 1961,[7] both carved by Wäinö Aaltonen, the former on the north and the latter on the south. In the same block, in the Parliament Park immediately north of the Parliament House, there is a statue of Kyösti Kallio from 1962,[8] carved by his son Kalervo Kallio.
Guided tours are arranged on Saturdays at 11:00 and 12:30 and on Sundays at 12:00 and 13:30; in July and August also at 14:00 on weekdays. On Tuesdays and Fridays, one can watch the Parliament in session from the public balcony.