Edo State Explained

Edo
Type:State
Seal Alt:Seal of Edo State
Nickname:HeartBeat Of The Nation
Coordinates:6.5°N 6°W
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:Nigeria
Established Title:Date created
Established Date:27 August 1991
Seat Type:Capital and Largest city
Seat:Benin City
Governing Body:Government of Edo State
Leader Party:PDP
Leader Title:Governor
(List)
Leader Name:Godwin Obaseki
Leader Title1:Deputy Governor
Leader Name1:Philip Shaibu (APC)
Leader Title2:Legislature
Leader Name2:Edo State House of Assembly
Leader Title3:Senators
Leader Name3:

Leader Title4:Representatives
Leader Name4:List
Unit Pref:Metric
Area Total Km2:19,559
Area Rank:22nd of 36
Population Total:4,777,000
Population As Of:2022
Population Est:4,777,000[1]
Pop Est As Of:2022
Population Rank:10th of 36
Population Density Km2:244
Population Demonym:Edos
Demographics Type1:GDP (PPP)
Demographics1 Title1:Year
Demographics1 Info1:2021
Demographics1 Title2:Total
Demographics1 Info2:$30.81 billion[2]
15th of 36
Demographics1 Title3:Per capita
Demographics1 Info3:$5,325
10th of 36
Timezone1:WAT
Utc Offset1:+01
Postal Code Type:postal code
Postal Code:300001
Area Code Type:Dialing Code
Area Code:+234
Iso Code:NG-ED
Blank Name Sec1:HDI (2021)
Blank Info Sec1:0.627[3]
· 12th of 37
Website:edostate.gov.ng

Edo, officially known as Edo State, is a state in the South-South geopolitical zone of the federal republic of Nigeria. As of 2022, the state was ranked as the 22nd most populous state (4,777,000) in Nigeria. The estimated state population is around 4,777,000 in 2022.[4] [5] Edo State is the 22nd largest State by landmass in Nigeria.[6] The state's capital and largest city, Benin City, is the fourth largest city in Nigeria, and the centre of the country's rubber industry.[7] [8] Created in 1991 from the former Bendel State, it is also known as the heart beat of the nation.[9] Edo State borders Kogi State to the north for 133 km and across the Niger River for 81 km to the northeast, Anambra State to the east for about four km across the Niger River, Delta State to the southeast and south for 350 km (218 miles), and Ondo State to the west.[10]

The modern borders of Edo State[11] encompasses regions that were formerly the site of various empires and kingdoms of the second dynasty formed in the 11th century AD, the Benin Empire. The ancient city of Edo, the site of modern-day Benin City,[11] was home to some of the largest earthworks in the world.[12] In 1897, the British Empire conducted a punitive expedition of the region, destroying most of the ancient city of Edo and incorporating the territory into what would become the Southern Nigeria Protectorate.[13] [14]

Edo State is a diverse state that is predominantly inhabited by the Edoid people, including the Edo (or Bini),[15] Esan, Ora, Akoko-Edo, Owan and Afemai people among others.[16] The most common Edoid language spoken is the Edo language, which is commonly spoken in Benin City.[17] Christianity is the dominant religion in Edo State.[11] It was first introduced to the region by Portuguese missionaries during the 15th century. Islam and traditional religions are also practised.[18]

History

The Mid-Western Region was a division of Nigeria from 1963 to 1991, formally known as Bendel state from 1976.[19] It was formed in June 1963 from Benin and Delta provinces of the Western Region, and its capital was Benin City.[20] It was renamed a province in 1966, and in 1967 when the other provinces were split up into several states, it remained territorially intact, becoming a state.[21]

During the Nigerian Civil War, the Biafran forces invaded the new Mid-Western state, en route to Lagos, in an attempt to force a quick end to the war. While under Biafran occupation, the state was declared as the "Republic of Benin" as Nigerian forces were to retake the region.[22] The republic collapsed a day after the declaration as Nigerian troops overtook Benin City. Edo State was established on 27 August 1991 when Bendel State was split into Edo and Delta States.[23] [24] The Edo people political organization is expressed in a three-tier age group system that cuts across kin groups and make age, rather than line-age affiliation, with criterion of authority. Benin city itself is organized on the basis of age-grades similar to those of the villages as well as on the basis of wards and chiefs, both hereditary and non-hereditary, serving the Oba in specialised functions. The Oba is the focal point of the Benin political system and institution is based squarely on that of divine kingship.[25]

Geography

Climate

Edo state has a Tropical wet and dry or savanna climate with yearly temperature of 28.78°C (83.8°F) and it is -0.68% lower than Nigeria's averages. Edo typically receives about 183.49 millimeters (7.22 inches) of precipitation and has 265.91 rainy days (72.85% of the time) annually and at an elevation of 239.16 meters (784.65 feet) above sea level.[26]

People

With Benin City as capital, the population of the entire state is approximately 5 million.[27] It is made up of four major ethnic groups; namely Edo (Binis), Owan, Esan and Afemai (Etsako & Akoko Edo). However, the State has a high presence of residents from across the country and the world because of its cosmopolitan tendencies. Benin City has a history of being one of the foremost destinations of Europeans during their exploration of Africa continent many centuries ago. Some of these flash points have remained enviable tourists' attraction sites for the state.[28] The people are known for having several Edo traditional food.

Demographics

The main ethnic groups in Edo State are Édo, Etsako, Esan, Owan, and Akoko Edo.[20] Some of the groups can trace their origin to Benin City, hence their dialects vary with their distance from Benin City. The Edo speaking people occupy seven out of the 18 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of the state and constitute 57.54% of the total population. Others are as follows: Esan (17.14%), Etsako (12.19%), Owan (7.43%), and Akoko Edo (5.70%).[20] There are also Igbira speaking communities in Akoko Edo, Itsekiri communities in Ikpoba-Okha, and Ijaw Izons and Urhobos in Ovia North East and South West Local Government Areas, especially in the borderlands. Also, Ika speaking communities exist in Igbanke (Ika) in Orhionmwon LGA.[29]

Governors

NameTitleTook officeLeft officePartyNotes
Colonel John Ewerekumoh YeriGovernorAugust 1990January 1992(Military)
John E.K. Odigie OyegunGovernorJanuary 1992November 1993SDP
Colonel Mohammed Abul-Salam OnukaAdministrator9 December 199314 September 1994(Military)
Colonel Bassey AsuquoAdministrator14 September 199422 August 1996(Military)
Group Captain Baba Adamu IyamAdministrator22 August 19967 August 1998(Military)
Navy Captain Anthony OnyearugbulemAdministrator7 August 199829 May 1999(Military)
Chief Lucky IgbinedionGovernor29 May 199929 May 2007PDP
Professor Oserheimen OsunborGovernor29 May 200712 November 2008PDPRemoved by court judgment invalidating his election[30]
Comrade Adams A. OshiomholeGovernor12 November 200812 November 2016AC which later merged with some other political parties to become APC (All Progressive Congress) in 2013
Godwin ObasekiGovernor12 November 2016presentAPC then decamped to the PDP on 19 June 2020 to seek re-election[31] Reelcted 20 September 2020.[32]

Local Government Areas

See also: List of villages in Edo State.

Edo State consists of eighteen (18) Local Government Areas. They are:

Edo State House Of Assembly (Fifth Assembly) Division List, 2013

Edo State House Of Assembly Division List 2013, consists of twenty-four (24) divisions:[33]

Edo State Judiciary

The Judiciary is the third arm of Government in the State, vested with the power to interpret the laws and resolve disputes in both civil and criminal matters in the State. The State Judiciary is headed by a Chief Judge. On 19 May 2023, Edo State Governor, Godwin Obaseki swore in Hon. Justice Daniel Iyobosa Okungbowa as Acting Chief Judge of Edo State, following the retirement of Justice Joe Acha.[34]

Politics

Governor Godwin Obaseki is the current governor of Edo State and was sworn into office on 12 November 2016.[35] His deputy is Rt. Hon. Comrade Philip Shaibu.[36] The Edo State House of Assembly is the legislative body.

Electoral System

The electoral system of each state is selected using a modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive the plurality of the vote and over 25% of the vote in at least two -third of the State local government Areas. If no candidate passes threshold, a second round will be held between the top candidate and the next candidate to have received a plurality of votes in the highest number of local government Areas.[37]

Languages

English is the official language of the state. The major tribal languages spoken in the state are Edo, Etuno, Etsako, Esan, Ake-Ievbu and Okpamheri.[38] Edo State is home to several ethnicities, they are the Edo, Okpe, Esan, Afenmai, Akoko, Igbanke, Emai.[39] [40] [41]

The Etsako/Afemai people of Edo state have the highest population of Muslims. They live in Six local government areas within the state and their major occupation is farming.[39] Languages of Edo State listed by LGA:[42]

LGA Languages
Aduge; Akuku; Etuno; Enwan; Igwe; Ikpeshi; Ivbie North-Okpela-Arhe; Okpamheri; Okpe; Oloma; Ososo; Sasaru; Ukaan; Uneme; Yoruba
Esan
Esan
Esan
Esan
Etsako; Ivbie North-Okpela-Arhe; Uneme
Etsako
Etsako
Etsako
Esan
Edo, Itsekiri, Urhobo
OredoEdo
Edo; Ika; Isoko; Urhobo
Ovia North EastEdo
Ovia South WestEdo
Emai-Iuleha-Ora; Ghotuo; Idesa; Ihievbe
Owan WestEmai - Iuleha, Ora
Edo; Ika

Religion Practiced In Edo State

Christianity and Islam are the major religions practiced in Edo State, although a minority of the population adhere to indigenous religions.[43] [44]

The Catholic Church comprises the Archdiocese of Benin City https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dbeni.html (1884 as Upper Niger) with 84 parishes under Archbishop Augustine Obiora Akubeze https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bakub.html (2011) and three suffragan dioceses of Auchi https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/daucn.html(2002) with 56 parishes under Bishop Gabriel Ghiakhomo Dunia https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bdunia.html(2002), Issele-Uku https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/disse.html(1973) with 94 parishes under Bishop Michael Odogwu Elue https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bodog.html(2003), and Uromi https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/durom.html (2005) with 18 parishes under Bishop Donatus Aihmiosion Ogun https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bogun.html (2014).

The Anglican Province of Bendel (2002) in the Church of Nigeria under Archbishop Cyril Odutemu (2020) includes the Diocese of Akoko-Edo (2007) led by Bishop Jolly Ehigiator Oyekpen until he died 2022, the Diocese of Benin (1962) led by Bishop Peter Imasuen (2004), the Diocese of Esan (2000) led by Bishop Gabriel Elabor (2020), the Diocese of Etsako (2007) led by Bishop Felix Unuokhe Olorunfemi, the Diocese of Oleh (1999) led by Bishop John Usiwoma Aruakpor (2012), and the Diocese of Sabongidda-Ora (1993) led by Bishop Augustine Ohilebo (2004).

Economy

Tourist attractions in Edo State include the Emotan Statue in Benin City, Ise Lake and River Niger Beach in Agenebode, Etsako-East; Mike Akhigbe Square at fugar, Ambrose Alli Square, Ekpoma, River Niger Beaches at Ilushi, BFFM Building at Ewu, Obiemen lake in Agua Irrua, Igun Bronze Caster at Igun Street in Benin City, College of Agriculture and Aqua Culture Technology, Agenebode, Okpekpe with its hills and scenes and the Usomege Hills at Apana-Uzairue, Somorika hills in Akoko Edo, where a government-run tourist center at Ososo is set among spectacular scenery.[45] [46]

The state produces crude oil,[47] and other mineral resources like limestone and quarry. The state has a cement factory at Okpella[48] and a Flour Mill at Ewu which is moribund.[48]

Human trafficking

Mineral Resources In Edo State

The following are the Mineral Resources found in Edo State[49]

Education

Notable tertiary learning institutions in Edo state include:

Healthcare

List of Edo State Medical zones and associated local government areas.[33]

Medical ZoneLocal GovernmentName Of HospitalMedical ZoneLocal GovernmentName Of HospitalMedical ZoneLocal GovernmentName Of Hospital
AbuduOrhionmwonGeneral Hospital, Abudu[64] BeninOredoCentral Hospital B/City[65] IgarraAkoko EdoGeneral Hospital, Igarra
AbuduOrhionmwonGeneral Hospital, Igbanke[66] BeninOredoCottage. Hospital Obayantor[67] [68] IgarraAkoko EdoGovernment Hospital, Ibillo
AbuduOrhionmwonGeneral Hospital, Uronigbe[69] BeninOredoStella Obasanjo Hospital[70] [71] Etete Layout Road,Benin CityDist. Hospital, Uneme-Osu
AbuduOrhionmwonCot. Hospital ObenEkpomaEsan WestGeneral Hospital, Ekpoma[72] IguobazuwaOvia South WestGeneral Hospital. Iguobazuwa
AbuduOrhionmwonCot. Hospital EgbokorEkpomaEsan WestGeneral Hospital, IruekpenIguobazuwaOvia South WestGovernment Hospital Usen
AbuduUhunmwodeDist. Hospital, EgbaEkpomaEsan CentralDist. Hospital, UsugbenuIguobazuwaOvia North EastDist. Hospital, Ekiadolor
AfuzeOwan EastGeneral Hospital, Afuze[73] EkpomaEsan CentralDist. Hospital, EwuOssiomoLeprosy Clinic in All L.G.ASpecislist Hospital, Ossiomo
AfuzeOwan EastDist. Hospital, OtuoFugarEtsako EastGeneral Hospital, FugarUbiajaEsan South WestGeneral Hospital, Ubiaja
AfuzeOwan WestGeneral Hospital, Sabogida Ora[74] FugarEtsako EastGeneral Hospital, AgenebodeUbiajaEsan South WestDist. Hospital, Ewohimi
AfuzeOwan WestDist. Hospital, UzebbaFugarEtsako EastDist. Hospital, ApanaUbiajaIguebenGovernment Hospital, Igueben
AuchiEstako WestCentral. Hospital, Auchi[75] FugarEtsako WestGovernment Hospital, AgbedeUromiEsan North EastCentral Hospital Uromi

Transport

Federal Highways are

Other major roads include

Airports: Benin City is served by Benin Airport with flights to Abuja, Kano, Lagos and Port Harcourt.

Notable people

References

Works cited

External links

Notes and References

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