Edineț Explained

Edineț
Settlement Type:Municipality
Pushpin Map:Moldova
Pushpin Label Position:bottom
Pushpin Mapsize:300
Pushpin Map Caption:Location in Moldova
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:Moldova
Subdivision Type1:District
Subdivision Name1:Edineț District
Leader Title:Mayor
Leader Name:Constantin Cojocari (LOC)
Established Title:Established
Established Date:1431
Unit Pref:Imperial
Area Total Km2:5.7
Population As Of:2014
Population Footnotes:[1]
Population Total:15,520
Population Density Km2:auto
Timezone:EET
Utc Offset:+2
Timezone Dst:EEST
Utc Offset Dst:+3
Coordinates:48.1667°N 46°W
Elevation M:231
Postal Code Type:Postal code
Postal Code:MD-4601
Area Code:+373 246
Blank Name:Climate
Blank Info:Dfb

Edineț (in Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan pronounced as /ˈedinet͡s/) is a municipality[2] in northern Moldova. It is the administrative center of the eponymous district. The town is located 201 km north of the national capital, Chișinău. It is located at 48.1667°N 46°W. The town administers two suburban villages, Alexăndreni and Gordineștii Noi. The population at the 2004 census was 17,292 inhabitants, including 15,624 in the town itself.

To the north of the town is the commune Hlinaia (Glina-Mare); to the south, the town of Cupcini; to the east, the commune of Ruseni; and to the west, the suburb of Alexăndreni.

History

The first known written mention of the locality is in a document from July 15, 1431, in which the Prince of Moldavia Alexandru cel Bun offered to Ivan Cupcici "14 villages with their old domains and empty land to found new villages and an apiary". According to the document, the old name of Edineț was Viadineți, possibly meaning "little Viadins". A document dating August 18, 1690, given by Prince Constantin Movilă to Cozma Pop, mentions the village as Iadineți. The name Edineț is documented since 1663, and is still used today. Between 1918–1940, the alternative spellings Edineți and Edinița were sometimes used.

In 1812, the eastern part of Moldavia was annexed by the Russian Empire and became known as Governorate of Bessarabia.

Bessarabia proclaimed independence in January 1918 as the Moldavian Democratic Republic. In April 1918, Bessarabia proclaimed union with Romania, this came as a result of the World War I.

Later on, close to the World War II, this territory was then incorporated into the Soviet Union.

It will later on be independent from the Soviet Union in 1991.

At the 1930 census, there were three separately administered localities: Edineți-Târg (literally "Edineți-Fair"), population 5,910, Edineți-Sat ("Edineți-Village"), population 5,260, part of Plasa Briceni of the Hotin County,[3] and Alexăndrenii-Noi, population 1,083, part of Plasa Rășcani of the Bălți County.[4]

Between the two World Wars there was a Zionist Tarbut school in the town.

In 1940, the Soviet Union, with the consent of the Nazi Germany occupied Bessarabia, created the Moldavian SSR, closing privately owned businesses and religious schools.A year later, the Romanian Army, now allied with Nazi Germany, drove the Soviets out and recovered Bessarabia. German and Romanian troops entered Edineț on July 5, 1941. Before that, some of the Bessarabian Jews of Edineț had already fled. Within two days, several hundred Jews were murdered by units of Einsatzkommando D and Romanian gendarmes, assisted by some civilians. Within the first two weeks, Romanian soldiers had killed about 1,000 Jews out of 5,000 living in the town.[5] Many women and young girls were raped; some of them committed suicide. The victims were buried in three large ditches, then the Jewish gravediggers who had interred the bodies were in turn murdered and buried on the same spot. In the middle of August a ghetto was set up. Surviving Jews of Edineț, and others from different places in the north of Bessarabia and from Bukovina, were interned. In September there were about 12,000 Jews in the ghetto, crammed into a small area, suffering from malnutrition and disease. Dozens of people died every day, succumbing to disease, cold weather, hunger, or thirst. On September 16, 1941, all the remaining Jews were deported to Transnistria, where the majority of them died. By 1944 only a few managed to survive. The few dozen families still alive at the end of the war settled either in Czernovitz or moved to Israel. Only a handful chose to return to Edineț.

In 1944, the Soviets re-conquered Bessarabia and re-established the Moldavian SSR. During the Soviet time, the town was also known in the Russified versions Yedintsy and Yedintzi and in Yiddish as Yedinets or Eydinets.

In 1960s, the Jewish population was estimated at 200. There was no synagogue, although the Jewish cemetery still existed.

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Moldova became an independent country.

Culture

Edineț has a Natural History Museum, and a famous Museum of National Craftsmen, whose collection has many original folk objects and works.

Demographics

According to the 2014 census, the population of Edineț amounted to 15,520 inhabitants, a decrease compared to the previous census in 2004, when 17,292 inhabitants were registered. Of these, 7,211 were men and 8,309 were women.[6]

Footnotes:

Ethnic composition (1930 Census)
Ethnic group
Edineți-Târg Edineți-Sat Alexăndrenii-Noi
align=left align=right 194 align=right 2,183 align=right 1,082
align=left align=right 5,341 align=right 398 align=right
align=left align=right 344 align=right 2,214 align=right 1
align=left Ruthenians (Ukrainians) align=right 14 align=right 353 align=right
align=left align=right align=right 55 align=right
align=left align=right 1 align=right 1 align=right
aligm=left align=right 14 align=right 28 align=right
align=left align=right align=right 3align=right
align=left align=right 1 align=right align=right
align=left align=right align=right 1 align=right
align=left others align=right 1 align=right 24 align=right
align=left bgcolor="#98FB98" Total align=right bgcolor="#98FB98" 5,910 align=right bgcolor="#98FB98" 5,260 align=right bgcolor="#98FB98" 1,083
Linguistic composition (1930 Census)
Language
Edineți-Târg Edineți-Sat Alexăndrenii-Noi
align=left align=right 183 align=right 2,209 align=right 1,082
align=left align=right 5,328 align=right 401 align=right
align=left Russian align=right 375 align=right 2,360 align=right 1
align=left align=right 9 align=right 282 align=right
align=left align=right 11 align=right 7 align=right
align=left German align=right 2 align=right 1 align=right
align=left align=right 1 align=right align=right
align=left other align=right 1 align=right align=right
align=left bgcolor="#98FB98" Total align=right bgcolor="#98FB98" 5,910 align=right bgcolor="#98FB98" 5,260 align=right bgcolor="#98FB98" 1,083

Media

Notable people

International relations

See main article: article and List of twin towns and sister cities in Moldova.

Twin towns – Sister cities

Edineț is twinned with:

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. http://www.statistica.md/pageview.php?l=en&idc=479 Results of Population and Housing Census in the Republic of Moldova in 2014
  2. http://lex.justice.md/md/368393/ LEGE Nr. 248 din 03.11.2016 pentru modificarea și completarea Legii nr. 764-XV din 27 decembrie 2001 privind organizarea administrativ-teritorială a Republicii Moldova
  3. http://dediserver.eu/hosting/ethnodoc/data/MO_Hotin_1930.pdf 1930 Romanian Census results for Hotin County
  4. http://dediserver.eu/hosting/ethnodoc/data/MO_Balti_1930.pdf 1930 Romanian Census results for Bălţi County
  5. Web site: Execution Sites of Jewish Victims Investigated by Yahad-In Unum. Yahad Map. 22 December 2014.
  6. Web site: 2014 Moldova Census of Population and Housing. National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova .
  7. News: Hotărâre Nr. 36 din 05.12.2013 privind interpretarea articolului 13 alin. (1) din Constituție în corelație cu Preambulul Constituției și Declarația de Independență a Republicii Moldova (Sesizările nr. 8b/2013 și 41b/2013) . Constitutional Court of Moldova . 124. ... Prin urmare, Curtea consideră că prevederea conținută în Declarația de Independență referitoare la limba română ca limbă de stat a Republicii Moldova prevalează asupra prevederii referitoare la limba moldovenească conținute în articolul 13 al Constituției. . 124. ... Therefore, the Court considers that the provision contained in the Declaration of Independence regarding the Romanian language as the state language of the Republic of Moldova prevails over the provision regarding the Moldovan language contained in Article 13 of the Constitution. . ro . 20 December 2013 . 5 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160305051137/http://constcourt.md/download.php?file=cHVibGljL2NjZG9jL2hvdGFyaXJpL3JvLWhfMzZfMjAxM19yby5wZGY%3D . live .
  8. News: 2013-12-05 . Moldovan court rules official language is 'Romanian', replacing Soviet-flavored 'Moldovan' . . Associated Press . 2013-12-07 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131209102718/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/12/05/moldovan-court-rules-official-language-is-romanian-replacing-soviet-flavored . 2013-12-09.
  9. News: Chisinau Recognizes Romanian As Official Language. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 5 December 2013. 11 March 2014. 23 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160923021555/http://www.rferl.org/content/moldova-romanian-official-language/25191455.html. live.