Economy of South Asia explained

Continent:South Asia
Population:2 billion
Gdp:
  • $5.04 trillion (nominal; 2024)[1]
  • $18.05 trillion (PPP; 2024)
Per Capita:
  • $2,650 (nominal; 2024)
  • $9,470 (PPP; 2024)
Growth:5.9% (2024 est.)[2]
Inflation:7.2% (2022)
Unemployment:7% (2022)
Debt:78.8% of GDP (2023 est.)
Footnote:Most numbers are from the International Monetary Fund. IMF South Asia Datasets

The economy of South Asia comprises 2 billion people (25% of the world population) living in eight countries (though Afghanistan is sometimes excluded).[3] [4] The Indian subcontinent was historically one of the richest regions in the world, comprising 25% of world GDP as recently as 1700,[5] [6] but experienced significant de-industrialisation and a doubling of extreme poverty during the colonial era of the late 18th to mid-20th century.[7] In the post-colonial era, South Asia has grown significantly, with India advancing because of economic liberalisation from the 1980s onwards,[8] and extreme poverty now below 15% in the region.[9] South Asia has been the fastest-growing region of the world since 2014.[10]

Despite projected growth rates of about 6.0-6.1 percent for 2024-2025, South Asia continues to face significant economic challenges. A notable slowdown in private investment, especially in key sectors such as manufacturing and services, poses a major concern. Additionally, persistent employment issues, particularly low female workforce participation, highlight broader socio-economic disparities. The region is also critically vulnerable to climate-related impacts, including flooding and heatwaves, which significantly affect the agricultural sector—a fundamental component of local economies. This environmental susceptibility strains the already limited capacity of the public sector to adapt, increasing dependence on resilience initiatives from local businesses, farmers, and vulnerable communities.[11]

History

See main article: Economic history of the Indian subcontinent.

Colonial era

See also: Economy of India under Company rule.

Modern era

India is the largest economy in the region (US$4.11 trillion) and makes up almost 80% of the South Asian economy; it is the world's 5th largest economy in nominal terms and the world's 3rd largest economy by purchasing power adjusted exchange rates (US$14.26 trillion).[12] India is the member of G-20 major economies and BRICS from the region. It is the fastest-growing major economy in the world and one of the world's fastest registering a growth of 7.2% in FY 2022-23.[13]

India is followed by Bangladesh, which has a GDP of ($446 billion).

a. It is one of the emerging and growth-leading economies of the world, and is also listed among the Next Eleven countries. It is also one of the fastest-growing middle-income countries. It has the world's 33rd largest GDP in nominal terms and is th5 27th largest by purchasing power adjusted exchange rates (476015 trillion). Bangladesh's economic growth was 6.4% in 2022.[14] Pakistan has an economy of ($40 billio nominal GDPn..[15] Next is Sri Lanka, which has the 2nd highest GDP per capita and the 4th largest economy in the region.

Certain parts of South Asia are significantly wealthier than others; the four Indian states of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and Karnataka are projected to account for almost 50% of India's GDP by 2030, while the five South Indian states comprising 20% of India's population are expected to contribute 35% of India's GDP by 2030.[16]

The major stock exchanges in the region are Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) with market Capitalization of $3.8 trillion (8th largest in the world), National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) with market capitalization of $3.27 trillion (9th largest in the world), Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE), Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE), and Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) with market capitalization of $72 billion. Economic data is sourced from the International Monetary Fund, current as of April 2017, and is given in US dollars.[17]

India is home to the Indian Premier League, which is the second-most valued sports league in the world on a per-match basis.[18]

English Belt (Anglosphere): United States of America (USA), United Kingdom (England), Canada, Australia and New Zealand

India (Indian Union) is a "Union-cum-Country", Pakistan (Pakistani Union) is also a "Union-cum-Country". Bangladesh (East Bengal) is a "State-cum-Country", Nepal is also a "State-cum-Country", Sri Lanka is also a "State-cum-Country".

Maharashtra is a "State-only", not a "State-cum-Country", Tamil Nadu is also a "State-only", not a "State-cum-Country", West Bengal is also a "State-only", not a "State-cum-Country".

India's South India: India's Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala

Hindu Belt

India (Indian Union) and Nepal

Bengali Belt

Bangladesh (East Bengal), West Bengal and Tripura

Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu) Belt

Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh

Islamic Belt

Bangladesh (East Bengal), Pakistan (Pakistani Union), Afghanistan and Maldives

Punjabi Belt

Pakistan's Punjab (West Punjab) and India's Punjab (East Punjab)

Buddhist Belt

Myanmar (Burma), Sri Lanka and Bhutan

Continents, Unions, Countries, Belts, Regions, States and Cities by Nominal GDP Per Capita (2023–2024) and Nominal GDP (2023-2024)

RankUnion/Belt/Region/State/CityReal Economy (Nominal
GDP Per Capita)
Nominal Economy
(Nominal GDP)
Population
(2021)
Language
1United States of America's New York (NY)$1,00,000 (720%)$2.3 Trillion2.3 croreEnglish
2United States of America (USA)$84,800 (610%)$28 Trillion (25%)33 crore (4%)English
3English Belt (Anglosphere)$77,400 (560%)$36 Trillion (33%)46.5 crore (6%)English
4Europe's Germany$55,200$4.7 Trillion8.5 croreGerman
5United Kingdom (England)$53,700$3.6 Trillion6.7 croreEnglish
6Europe's France$47,700$3.2 Trillion6.7 croreFrench
7Europe (European Union)$44,400 (320%)$20 Trillion (18%)45 crore (5.5%)English
8Japan$33,000$4.3 Trillion13 croreJapanese
9Saudi Arabia$30,500$1.1 Trillion3.6 croreArabic
10India's Delhi (National Capital Territory)$14,000 (520%)$294 Billion2.1 croreHindi
11World$13,900 (100%)$110 Trillion (100%)790 crore (100%)English
12China$13,400 (96%)$19 Trillion (17%)141 crore (18%)Chinese
13Russia$12,600$1.9 Trillion15 croreRussian
14Maharashtra's Mumbai (Bombay)$12,300 (450%)$320 Billion2.6 croreMarathi
15Non-English Belt (Non-Anglosphere)$9,900 (71%)$74 Trillion (67%)743.5 crore (94%)English
16Tamil Nadu's Chennai (Madras)$9,000$100 Billion1.1 croreTamil
17Asia$8,900 (64%)$43 Trillion (39%)480 crore (60%)English
18Karnataka's Bengaluru (Bangalore)$8,300$100 Billion1.2 croreKannada
19Telangana's Hyderabad$8,000$80 Billion1 croreTelugu
20Bangladesh's Dhaka (Dacca)$7,800$180 Billion2.3 croreBengali
21Arabic Belt (Arabia)$7,400$3.5 Trillion47 croreArabic
22West Bengal's Kolkata (Calcutta)$6,800$110 Billion1.6 croreBengali
23India's Gujarat$4,900$320 Billion6.5 croreGujarati
24India's Haryana$4,600$140 Billion3 croreHindi
25India's Karnataka$4,500$320 Billion7 croreKannada
26India's Telangana$4,500$180 Billion4 croreTelugu
27India's Dravidian Belt$4,200 (155%)$1.2 Trillion (30%)28.5 crore (20%)English
28India's Tamil Nadu$4,200$360 Billion8.5 croreTamil
29India's Kerala$4,200$150 Billion3.5 croreMalayalam
30India's Maharashtra$4,000 (145%)$520 Billion (13%)13 crore (9%)Marathi
31Sindh's Karachi$3,900$90 Billion2.3 croreSindhi
32India's Non-Hindustani (Non Hindi-Urdu) Belt$3,600 (130%)$2.6 Trillion (67%)71.5 crore (51%)English
33India's Andhra Pradesh$3,200$180 Billion5.5 croreTelugu
34Sri Lanka$3,100$70 Billion2.2 croreSinhala
35Africa$3,000$3 Trillion100 croreEnglish
36India's Punjab (East Punjab)$3,000$90 Billion3 crorePunjabi
37India (Indian Union)$2,700 (100%)$3.9 Trillion (100%)141 crore (100%)English
38Bangladesh (East Bengal)$2,700$460 Billion17 croreBengali
39Bengali Belt (Bengal)$2,500$710 Billion27.5 croreBengali
40India's Rajasthan$2,500$200 Billion8 croreHindi
41India's West Bengal$2,400$240 Billion10 croreBengali
42India's Odisha$2,300$110 Billion4.7 croreOdia
43India's Madhya Pradesh$2,100$180 Billion8.5 croreHindi
44India's Assam$2,000$70 Billion3.5 croreAssamese
45India's Chhattisgarh$2,000$60 Billion3 croreHindi
46Punjabi Belt (Punjab)$1,900$290 Billion15 crorePunjabi
47India's Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu) Belt$1,800 (66%)$1.3 Trillion (33%)69.5 crore (49%)Hindi
48Pakistan's Punjab (West Punjab)$1,600$200 Billion12 crorePunjabi
49Pakistan's Sindh$1,600$100 Billion6 croreSindhi
50Pakistan (Pakistani Union)$1,400$350 Billion24 croreUrdu
51Myanmar$1,400$80 Billion5.5 croreBurmese
52Nepal$1,300$40 Billion3 croreNepali
53India's Uttar Pradesh$1,200$310 Billion24 croreHindi
54India's Jharkhand$1,200$50 Billion4 croreHindi
55India's Bihar$840$110 Billion13 croreHindi
56Afghanistan$370$15 Billion4 crorePashtun
[19]
Country
[20] [21] [22]
GDPInflation(2022)[23] HDI
Nominal GDP
(in millions) (2022) (%Share)[24]
GDP per capita(2022)[25] GDP (PPP)
(in millions) (2022) (%Share)
GDP (PPP) per capita (2022)GDP growth(2022)[26] HDI (Rank)(2022)[27] Inequality-adjusted HDI (Rank) (2022)[28]
[29] $20,136 (2020)$611 (2020)$80,912 (2020)$2,456 (2020)-2.4% (2020)5.6% (2020)0.462(182nd) (low)0.300(154th)(low)
$460,751 (10.41%)$2,734$1,345,646 (8.97%)$7,9857.2%6.1%0.670(129th) (medium)0.470(112th) (low)
$2,707 (0.06%)$3,562$9,937 (0.07%)$13,0774.0%7.7%0.681(125th) (medium)0.465(114th) (low)
$3,468,566 (78.35%)$2,466$11,665,490 (77.74%)$8,2936.8%6.9%0.644(134th) (medium)0.444(118th) (low)
$5,900 (0.13%)$15,097$12,071 (0.08%)$30,8888.7%4.3%0.762(87th) (high)0.597(86th) (medium)
$39,028 (0.88%)$1,293$141,161 (0.94%)$4,6774.2%6.3%0.601(146th) (medium)0.424(121st) (low)
$376,493 (8.50%)$1,658$1,512,476 (10.08%)$6,6626.0%12.10%0.540(164th) (low)0.360(134th) (low)
$73,739 (1.67%)$3,293$318,690 (2.12%)$14,230align="right" -8.7%48.2%0.780(78th) (high)0.630(75th) (medium)
South Asia[30] $4,427,184 (100%)$2,385$15,005,471 (100%)$8,0856.4%8.1%0.641 (medium)-
Economy (2023-2024) of India (Indian Union) and its Neighboring Countries
RankCountry/Union/Region/State/CityReal Economy (Nominal
GDP Per Capita)
Nominal Economy
(Nominal GDP)
Population
(2021)
LanguageLanguage Family
1China's Hong Kong$54,600$410 Billion75 lakhChineseSino-Tibetan
2China's Beijing$30,000$660 Billion2.2 croreChineseSino-Tibetan
3China's Shanghai$26,200$710 Billion2.7 croreChineseSino-Tibetan
4China$13,400$19 Trillion141 croreChineseSino-Tibetan
5Maharashtra's Mumbai (Bombay)$12,300 (450%)$320 Billion2.6 croreMarathiIndo-European
6Tamil Nadu's Chennai (Madras)$9,000$100 Billion1.1 croreTamilDravidian
7Karnataka's Bengaluru (Bangalore)$8,300$100 Billion1.2 croreKannadaDravidian
8Telangana's Hyderabad$8,000$80 Billion1 croreTeluguDravidian
9Bangladesh's Dhaka (Dacca)$7,800$180 Billion2.3 croreBengaliIndo-European
10India's Delhi (National Capital Territory)$7,100$150 Billion2.1 croreHindi (Hindustani)Indo-European
11West Bengal's Kolkata (Calcutta)$6,800$110 Billion1.6 croreBengaliIndo-European
12India's Gujarat$4,900$320 Billion6.5 croreGujaratiIndo-European
13India's Haryana$4,600$140 Billion3 croreHindi (Hindustani)Indo-European
14India's Karnataka$4,500$320 Billion7 croreKannadaDravidian
15India's Telangana$4,500$180 Billion4 croreTeluguDravidian
16India's South India$4,200 (155%)$1.2 Trillion (30%)28.5 crore (20%)EnglishIndo-European
17India's Tamil Nadu$4,200$360 Billion8.5 croreTamilDravidian
18India's Kerala$4,200$150 Billion3.5 croreMalayalamDravidian
19India's Maharashtra$4,000 (145%)$520 Billion (13%)13 crore (9%)MarathiIndo-European
20Sindh's Karachi$3,900$90 Billion2.3 croreSindhiIndo-European
21India's Uttarakhand$3,300$40 Billion1.2 croreHindi (Hindustani)Indo-European
22India's Andhra Pradesh$3,200$180 Billion5.5 croreTeluguDravidian
23Sri Lanka$3,100$70 Billion2.2 croreSinhalaIndo-European
24India's Punjab (East Punjab)$3,000$90 Billion3 crorePunjabiIndo-European
25India (Indian Union)$2,700 (100%)$3.9 Trillion (100%)141 crore (100%)EnglishIndo-European
26Bangladesh (East Bengal or East Pakistan)$2,700$460 Billion17 croreBengaliIndo-European
27India's Rajasthan$2,500$200 Billion8 croreHindi (Hindustani)Indo-European
28India's North India$2,400 (90%)$2.7 Trillion (70%)112.5 crore (80%)EnglishIndo-European
29India's West Bengal$2,400$240 Billion10 croreBengaliIndo-European
30India's Odisha$2,300$110 Billion4.7 croreOdiaIndo-European
31India's Madhya Pradesh$2,100$180 Billion8.5 croreHindi (Hindustani)Indo-European
32India's Assam$2,000$70 Billion3.5 croreAssameseIndo-European
33India's Chhattisgarh$2,000$60 Billion3 croreHindi (Hindustani)Indo-European
34India's Jammu & Kashmir$2,000$30 Billion1.5 croreUrdu (Hindustani)Indo-European
35Pakistan's Punjab (West Punjab)$1,600$200 Billion12 crorePunjabiIndo-European
36Pakistan's Sindh$1,600$100 Billion6 croreSindhiIndo-European
37Pakistan (Pakistani Union or West Pakistan)$1,400$350 Billion24 croreUrdu (Hindustani)Indo-European
38Myanmar (Burma)$1,400$80 Billion5.5 croreBurmeseSino-Tibetan
39Nepal$1,300$40 Billion3 croreNepaliIndo-European
40India's Uttar Pradesh$1,200$310 Billion24 croreHindi (Hindustani)Indo-European
41India's Jharkhand$1,200$50 Billion4 croreHindi (Hindustani)Indo-European
42Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Afghan Pradesh)$870$35 Billion4 crorePashtunIndo-European
43India's Bihar$840$110 Billion13 croreHindi (Hindustani)Indo-European
44Afghanistan$370$15 Billion4 crorePashtunIndo-European

Poverty

See also: Poverty in India, Poverty in Pakistan and Poverty in Bangladesh. Poverty rates vary greatly throughout the region, with a majority of Afghanistan relying on humanitarian aid,[31] and 40% of Sri Lankans slipping into poverty due to the economic crisis that started in 2019.[32]

Country[33] [34] [35] Population below poverty line (at $1.9/day)Global Hunger Index (2021)[36] Population under-nourished (2015)[37] Life expectancy (2019)[38] (global rank)Global wealth report (2019)[39] [40] [41]
World Bank[42] (year)2022 Multidimensional Poverty Index Report (MPI source year)[43] Population in Extreme poverty (2022)[44] CIA Factbook (2015)[45] Total national wealth in billion USD (global rank)Wealth per adult in USDMedian wealth per adult in USD (global rank)
54.5% (2016)55.91% (2015–16)18%36%28.3 (103rd)26.8%63.2 (160th)25 (116th)1,463640 (156th)
24.3% (2016)24.64% (2019)4%31.5%19.1 (76th)16.4%74.3 (82nd)697 (44th)6,6432,787 (117th)
8.2% (2017)37.34% (2010)4%12%No dataNo data73.1 (99th)No DataNo DataNo Data
21.9% (2011)14.9% (2019–21)0.9%29.8%27.5 (101st)15.2%70.8 (117th)12,614 (7th)14,5693,042 (115th)
8.2% (2016)0.77% (2016–17)4%16%No data5.2%79.6 (33rd)7 (142nd)23,2978,555 (74th)
25.2% (2010)17.50% (2019)8%25.2%19.1 (76th)7.8%70.9 (116th)68 (94th)3,8701,510 (136th)
24.3% (2015)38.33% (2017–18)5%12.4%24.7 (94th)22%69.3 (144th)465 (49th)4,0961,766 (128th)
4.1% (2016)2.92% (2016)5%8.9%16 (65th)22%76.9 (54th)297 (60th)20,6288,283 (77th)

Sri Lanka

International Economic Reports on South Asia

In the South Asia Development Update for April 2024, the World Bank reports that South Asia is projected to sustain its position as a leading growth region among emerging markets, largely propelled by India's robust economic performance. Nonetheless, the region's dependency on the public sector for economic progress, combined with a lag in private investment and the presence of macroeconomic challenges such as high levels of debt and fiscal deficits, poses risks to its stability and growth. These factors may impede the region's capacity to effectively address climate-related issues and to make the most of the demographic dividend offered by its young population. The World Bank emphasizes the critical need for policy reforms aimed at stimulating job creation, particularly for women and in non-agricultural sectors, and for fostering private sector development to ensure continued economic growth and to leverage the demographic dividend. The update highlights that strategic responses to climate change and a focus on creating a resilient job market are indispensable for maintaining the momentum of South Asia's development trajectory.[46] [47]

See also

Sources

Notes and References

  1. Web site: World Bank Open Data . 2023-09-04 . World Bank Open Data.
  2. Web site: Overview . 2023-09-04 . World Bank . en.
  3. News: Slater . Joanna . Masih . Niha . 2020-03-19 . Home to nearly 2 billion people, South Asia could be the next coronavirus hot spot . en-US . The Washington Post . 2023-09-04 . 0190-8286.
  4. Hanif . Melanie . 2010 . Indian Involvement in Afghanistan in the Context of the South Asian Security System . Journal of Strategic Security . 3 . 2 . 13–26 . 10.5038/1944-0472.3.2.2 . 26463127 . 1944-0464.
  5. Web site: Chakravarty . Capital Account Manas . 2010-08-25 . World history by per capita GDP . 2023-09-04 . mint . en.
  6. News: 2010-06-06 . How the British influenced Indian culture . 2023-10-04 . Dawn . en.
  7. News: Dylan . Sullivan . Jason . Hickel . How British colonialism killed 100 million Indians in 40 years . 2023-09-04 . Al Jazeera . en.
  8. News: 2016-07-07 . 25 years of liberalisation: A glimpse of India's growth in 14 charts . 2023-09-04 . Firstpost . en.
  9. https://databankfiles.worldbank.org/public/ddpext_download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_SAR.pdf South Asia
  10. Web site: 2019-08-02 . How South Asia can continue as world's fastest growing subregion - Lei Lei Song . 2023-09-04 . Asian Development Bank . en.
  11. Web site: The Office of the Chief Economist of the South Asia Region . The World Bank Group . April 2024 . South Asia Development Update .
  12. Web site: Report for Selected Countries and Subjects . IMF. Outlook Database, October 2018
  13. News: Dhoot . Vikas . 2023-05-31 . India's GDP expanded 6.1% in 2022-23's last quarter . en-IN . The Hindu . 2023-09-01 . 0971-751X.
  14. Web site: Ventura . Luca . 2023-07-18 . Global Finance Magazine - Countries with Highest GDP Growth 2022 . 2023-09-01 . Global Finance Magazine . en.
  15. Web site: Welcome to WorldBank Group . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100816181203/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/0,,pagePK:158889~piPK:146815~theSitePK:223547,00.html . 16 August 2010 . 23 August 2010 . The World Bank.
  16. News: 2023-06-09 . Southern states to contribute 35% of India's $7 trillion economy by 2030 . The Times of India . 2023-09-06 . 0971-8257.
  17. Web site: Report for Selected Countries and Subjects . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171010173821/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=83&pr.y=16&sy=2015&ey=2015&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=193%2C273%2C223%2C156%2C924%2C922%2C132%2C184%2C134%2C534%2C536%2C136%2C158%2C112%2C111%2C542&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP&grp=0&a= . 10 October 2017 . 7 November 2017 . IMF.
  18. Web site: Lavalette . Tristan . Indian Premier League's Jaw-Dropping $6 Billion Broadcast Deal Will Have Major Ramifications In Cricket . 2023-09-04 . Forbes . en.
  19. Web site: India: GDP of major cities 2022 . 2024-05-08 . Statista . en.
  20. Web site: Field Listing :: Names . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170701201536/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2142.html . 1 July 2017 . 28 July 2011 . CIA.
  21. Web site: 2007 . UNGEGN List of Country Names . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20110728144159/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/UNGEGN/docs/9th-uncsgn-docs/UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document%20-%20August%202009.pdf . 28 July 2011 . 28 July 2011 . United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names.
  22. Web site: 9 August 2011 . List of countries, territories and currencies . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20110807122658/http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-5000500.htm#fn-tw1 . 7 August 2011 . 10 August 2011 . Europa.
  23. Web site: World Economic Outlook (October 2022) – Inflation rate, average consumer prices . International Monetary Fund. 28 November 2022 .
  24. Web site: October 2022. World Economic Outlook – GDP current prices, in billions of dollars. 28 November 2022. International Monetary Fund.
  25. Web site: October 2022. World Economic Outlook – GDP current prices, per capita. 28 November 2022. International Monetary Fund.
  26. Web site: World Economic Outlook (October 2022) – Real GDP growth. International Monetary Fund.
  27. Book: Human Development Report 2023-24: Breaking the gridlock: Reimagining cooperation in a polarized world . 13 March 2024 . United Nations Development Programme . 7 June 2024 .
  28. Web site: Download IHDI dataset . hdr.undp.org . . 7 June 2024.
  29. Last update for Afghanistan from the World Economic Outlook is for 2020. Later years are unavailable.
  30. Individual country percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding. Afghanistan not included in 2022 totals due to year mismatch. World Economic Outlook also does not count Afghanistan in the South Asia subtotals.
  31. Web site: Afghanistan: An entire population pushed into poverty International Rescue Committee (IRC) . 2023-09-04 . rescue.org . 9 August 2023 . en.
  32. News: Over 9 Million Sri Lankans Have Slipped Into Poverty Since January, Finds Study . 2023-09-04 . The Wire.
  33. Web site: Field Listing :: Names . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170701201536/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2142.html . 1 July 2017 . 28 July 2011 . CIA.
  34. Web site: 2007 . UNGEGN List of Country Names . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20110728144159/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/UNGEGN/docs/9th-uncsgn-docs/UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document%20-%20August%202009.pdf . 28 July 2011 . 28 July 2011 . United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names.
  35. Web site: 9 August 2011 . List of countries, territories and currencies . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20110807122658/http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-5000500.htm#fn-tw1 . 7 August 2011 . 10 August 2011 . Europa.
  36. Web site: Global Hunger Index Scores by 2021 GHI Rank . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20220225183607/https://www.globalhungerindex.org/ranking.html . 25 February 2022 . 2 March 2022 . globalhungerindex.org.
  37. Web site: UN . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924011158/http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4624e.pdf . 24 September 2015 . 3 June 2015.
  38. Web site: GHO | by category | Life expectancy and Healthy life expectancy - Data by country . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20220105113304/https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.688 . 5 January 2022 . 2 March 2022 . World Health Organization.
  39. Web site: Global wealth report . 25 October 2019 . Credit Suisse.
  40. Web site: Global wealth report 2019 . 25 October 2019 . Credit Suisse.
  41. Web site: Global wealth databook 2019 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20191023104250/https://www.credit-suisse.com/media/assets/corporate/docs/about-us/research/publications/global-wealth-databook-2019.pdf . 23 October 2019 . 25 October 2019 . Credit Suisse.
  42. Web site: Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) Data . 26 August 2017 . data.worldbank.org.
  43. 2022 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) . Nations . United . 2022-10-17 . United Nations . en.
  44. Web site: World Poverty Clock . 27 February 2022 . worldpoverty.io . en.
  45. Web site: The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151109070125/https://www.cia.gov/Library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2046.html . 9 November 2015 . 23 August 2016.
  46. Web site: South Asia Development Update April 2024 Economic Outlook . 2024-04-10 . www.worldbank.org.
  47. World Bank. 2024. Jobs for Resilience. South Asia Development Update (April 2024). World Bank, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1596/978-1-4648-2103-5. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO