Economy of Mangalore explained

Industrial and commercial activities dominate Mangalore's economy. Mangalore is the only city in the state of Karnataka to have all modes of transport — air, road, rail and sea — as well as being one of only five cities in India to have both a major port and an international airport. Around 75% of India's coffee, timber and cashew nuts exports are handled by the New Mangalore Port.[1] Mangalore International Airport is one of only two international airports in Karnataka; the other being Bangalore's Kempegowda International Airport.[2] Mangalore is the fastest growing non-metropolitan area (Indian city of population less than one million) in South India[3] and the second largest business centre in Karnataka. The city has some of the tallest buildings in South India, with many more under construction.[4]

Petrochemicals and processing

BASF,[5] [6] Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Ltd. (MRPL), Mangalore Chemicals and Fertilizers Ltd. (MCF), Kudremukh Iron Ore Company Ltd. (KIOCL), Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL),[7] Bharat Petroleum Corporation Plant (BPCL),[8] Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL),[9] ONGC Mangalore Petrochemicals Limited (OMPL), JBF Petrochemicals[10] and Total Oil are the major petrochemicals and processing industries in Mangalore.[11] One of the largest SEZ in India, the ONGC - Mangalore Special Economic Zone is in Mangalore. MRPL, the only refinery in the state, will soon get a Navaratna status. Mangalore Chemicals & Fertilizers (MCF), the only fertilizer factory in the state, is situated at Baikampady. HPCL has its oil refinery at Mangalore.[12] [13] BPCL has established an LPG plant near the New Mangalore Port.[14] BASF has established a Research and development (R&D) centre at Mangalore.[15] [16]

At the Mangalore Special Economic Zone, in a new 15 million tonne refinery, petrochemical plant and power and LNG plants, The Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) plans to invest over Rs. 35,000 crore. Of the country, this will be the first Petroleum, Chemicals, Petrochemicals Investment Region (PCPIR).[17] India has built 5.33 million tons of strategic crude oil storages at Mangalore, Padur (near Udupi) in Karnataka and at Visakhapatnam to ensure energy security.[18] [19] [20] Mitsui, a Japanese conglomerate has planned to set up an LNG terminal in Mangalore.[21]

Logistics and Shipping

Interlog Services, a French logistics firm has established its office at Mangalore Hills.[22] [23]

The table below lists some of the Logistics and Shipping companies situated in Mangalore.

Logistics and Shipping firmHeadquarters
Interlog Services[24] Orléans, France
Seaways Shipping and Logistics Ltd.[25] Hyderabad, India
Delta Infralogistics (worldwide) Ltd.Mangalore, India
Hapag-Lloyd[26] Hamburg, Germany
Maersk Line[27] [28] Copenhagen, Denmark
SeaShine Shipping and Logistics Ltd.[29] Chennai, India
CMA CGM[30] Marseille, France
Morrison Express[31] Taipei, Taiwan
DIX Shipping Ltd.[32] Mangalore, India

Ship building

Bharati Shipyard Ltd (BSL) (now known as Bharati Defence and Infrastructure Limited) has established its ship building site near Tannirbavi in Mangalore.[33] Mangalore is the 6th shipyard established by BSL. Cargo ships are built here which have a maximum length of 120 meters.[34] BSL's subsidiary, Tebma Shipyard Limited has a ship manufacturing site at Malpe, which is 56 km from Mangalore city.[35]

Manufacturing industries

Sequent Scientific Ltd. is a Pharmaceutical company, and has its manufacturing unit at Baikampady in Mangalore.[36] Syngene International, a contract research arm of Biocon, has set up its manufacturing plant at Mangalore SEZ.[37] [38] [39] Solara, a pharmaceutical company also has its manufacturing unit in Mangalore.[40] Hindustan Unilever has set up a factory in Boloor which produces mainly Rin detergents.[41] [42] Suzlon has established its wind energy generation plant at Padubidri near Mangalore. Suzlon Energy plans to manufacture REpower wind turbines at its plant near Mangalore.[43] Bakery and confectionery industries are also found in Mangalore; Gyp-gyp-gy[44] and Narans[45] are a few among them. Primacy Industries Ltd. in Mangalore manufactures scented candles and exports them to Europe, United States and the Middle-East.[46] [47] Catasynth Speciality Chemicals, a manufacturing facility of Anthea Group has its office in Mangalore.[48]

Banking and Finance

Four of the twenty banks nationalized during the first half of the 20th century were established in Mangalore.

BankFoundedFounded byHead Office (present)
Corporation BankKhan Bahadur Haji AbdullaNon-existent bank
Canara BankAmmembal Subba Rao PaiBangalore
Syndicate BankT. M. A. PaiNon-existent bank
Vijaya BankA. B. ShettyNon-existent bank
Karnataka Bank Limited was established on 18 February 1924 in Mangalore.[49] In addition to these, two banks were established in nearby towns. Corporation Bank was founded in Udupi by Khan Bahadur Haji Abdulla Haji Kasim Saheb Bahadur in 1906,[50] and Syndicate Bank was co-founded in Manipal by T M A Pai, Upendra Ananth Pai and V S Kudva in 1925. While Karnataka Bank Limited is still headquartered in Mangalore, Canara Bank[51] is headquartered in Bangalore.

The Mangalore Stock Exchange (MgSE) was incorporated on 31 July 1984 as a public limited company. The company was granted recognition as a stock exchange on 9 September 1985.[52] It was de-recognized by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) on 31 August 2004.[53] [54] Appeals by the Stock Exchange to overrule this order have been subsequently rejected on 2 November 2005 and 4 October 2006.[55]

Robotics and Automation

Mangalore Robautonics Pvt Ltd is a company that designs, develops and manufactures Robotics and Automation systems for agricultural, industrial and consumer sectors.[56] [57] [58]

Robotics CompanyLocation
Mangalore Robautonics Pvt. LtdKuloor, Mangalore
Vanora Robots[59] Bejai, Mangalore
Epitas Software LLP[60] Derebail, Mangalore
Unimation Robotics[61] Falnir, Mangalore

Information Technology (IT)

Major information technology (IT) and software companies like Infosys,[62] [63] Cognizant Technology Solutions,[64] [65] Endurance International Group[66] [67] and Thomson Reuters[68] have their branches at Mangalore.[69] Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) has planned to invest and setup its office at Karnad near Mangalore.[70] [71]

Other multinational software companies having their presence in this coastal city include Novigo Solutions, MResult, Riskonnect (specialized in Risk management),[72] Coresight Research (specialized in Artificial Intelligence, Analytics and Blockchain),[73] Arkieva (specialized in Supply Chain management)[74] and Tetherfi (specialized in Virtual Banking and Automation).[75] Mphasis BPO has one of its branches at Mangalore.[76] KEONICS has planned to set up an IT park in Mangalore, similar to Electronic City, spanning an area of 100 acres.[77]

Food processing

Campco has its chocolate manufacturing plants at Baikampady and Puttur near Mangalore.[78] The plant produces chocolates and other products of cocoa both under its own brand and also for Nestle.[79] Achal Industries has built its cashew processing plant at the Baikampady Industrial Estate in Mangalore.[80] Ideal Ice Cream Factory, situated at Kottara Chowki in Mangalore, manufactures over 40 flavours of ice-creams.[81] [82] Mangalore also houses the edible oil refinery of Adani Wilmar.[83]

IndustryLocation
Campco LtdAPMC Yard, Baikampady, Mangalore
Achal IndustriesIndustrial Area, Baikampady, Mangalore
Mangala Cashew Industries (DVK Group)[84] Padavinangadi, Mangalore
Kalbavi Cashews[85] Industrial Area, Baikampady, Mangalore
Ideal Ice Cream FactoryKottara Chowki, Mangalore
Spectrum Industries[86] Yeyyadi Industrial Estate, Mangalore

Cruise tourism

Various cruise ships such as Regent Seven Seas, Norwegian Star, Oceania, Celebrity, Costa, AIDA, Nautica and Royal Caribbean International have visited the New Mangalore Port.[87] [88] Foreigners can enter Mangalore through the New Mangalore Port with the help of Electronic visa (e-visa).[89] Cruise ships from Europe, North America and UAE arrive at New Mangalore Port to tour the places around Mangalore.[90] [91]

Startups

Government of India has planned to make Mangalore the first startup district in the country with 20 tinkering labs and incubation centres.[92] [93] The startups aim at providing solutions in agriculture, health, education and information technology.[94] Centre for Entrepreneurship Opportunities and Learning (CEOL) - the first startup incubation centre of Coastal Karnataka is present at Mallikatta in Mangalore city.[95] [96] Government of Karnataka has planned to make Mangalore an Animation hub for the State.[97]

Research and Development (R&D) centres

There are 3 Research and Development (R&D) centres near Mangalore. They are

Special Economic Zones

The following special economic zones to be located in and around Mangalore have been approved by Board of Approval, Government Of India & Under establishment.[100] [101]

LocationStatusName of Promoter
Multi Product Special Economic Zone - 588 hectaresAttracted Rs.13,000 crores until date with exports from units exceeding Rs.2,500 crores.Mangalore SEZ Ltd.[102]
Infosys - IT&ITES SEZ - 125 hectaresNotified and 1st phase operationalInfosys Tech. Ltd.[103]
Thumbay, Bantwal, Dakshina Kannada District - IT/ITES SEZ - 10 hectaresFormal approval and notified. Under Implementation.B.A.Tech Park Pvt. Ltd.[104]
KIADB - IT&ITES SEZ - 203 hectaresFormal approvalKarnataka Industrial Areas Development Board[105]
EPIP Indl.Area, Ganjimutt, Mangalore - IT/ITES SEZ - 10 hectaresFormal approvalNitesh ShettyNitesh Estates Private Limited[106]
EPIP Indl.Area, Ganjimutt, Mangalore - IT/ITES SEZ - 10 hectaresFormal approvalBrigade Enterprises Private Limited
EPIP Indl.Area, Ganjimutt, Mangalore - IT/ITES SEZ - 10 hectaresFormal approvalKinfotech Software Pvt. Ltd.
Padubidri, Udupi District. - Hi-tech Engineering SEZ - 259 hectaresNotified and 1st phase operational.Suzlon Infrastructure Ltd.[107]

Fishing

Fish is one of the widely consumed food in Mangalore.[108] Old Mangalore Port is the fishing port in Mangalore.[109] The city has an ice factory on the banks of Netravati river and fish meal processing industries.[110]

Traditional commerce and industry

Tile industry

Although the tile industry has been in decline due to the predominance of concrete in modern construction, Mangalore tiles were exported to East Asia, Europe, Australia, Africa, and the Middle East.[111]

Arecanut industry

Arecanut industries are small-scale operations.[112] Arecanuts are cultivated in the hilly regions towards the east of the city.[112]

Leaf spring industry

The leaf spring industry has its presence in Mangalore, with Canara Workshops Ltd. and Lamina Suspension Products Ltd. in the city.[113]

See also

Notes and References

  1. News: Mangalore takes over as new SEZ destination. 2008-04-22. The Economic Times. 2008-02-17.
  2. News: Mangalore Airport Traffic up by 92% Surpasses Mumbai Bangalore Chennai . Daijiworld . 18 May 2008 . 2014-06-17.
  3. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf
  4. News: Mangaluru: Foundation stone laid for South India's tallest tower 'Westline Signature' . Daijiworld . 2016-09-18 . 2016-12-28. Joshwa D'Souza.
  5. News: BASF India receives demand notices from Commercial Tax Department, Karnataka . 11 October 2019. 12 January 2020. Business Standard.
  6. News: BASF India inaugurates new innovation campus in Navi Mumbai. 3 March 2017. 12 January 2020. Outlook.
  7. News: IOCL to commission two import facilities next year . 4 July 2017. 12 January 2020. The Hindu.
  8. News: Mock drill at BPCL LPG bottling plant marks chemical disaster prevention day. 5 December 2014. 12 January 2020. Deccan Herald.
  9. News: Indian Oil Corporation Limited, distributes wheeler dustbins to Mangaluru schools. 30 August 2019. 30 December 2019. The Hindu.
  10. News: JBF Industries' subsidiary enters into long term agreement with ONGC Mangalore Petrochemicals. 12 March 2017. 15 April 2016. Business Standard.
  11. News: Total Oil opens second LPG facility at New Mangalore. 4 January 2017. Business Line.
  12. News: HPCL might go solo on its Rs 700-cr LPG cavern in Mangalore. 4 January 2017. Business Standard. Kalpana Pathak.
  13. News: Remain positive on HPCL's refining cycle: Nomura. 4 January 2017. The Financial Express. Nomura.
  14. News: BPCL to set up green bio-fuel refinery. 4 January 2017. The Times of India.
  15. News: Chemical giant BASF to expand India footprint . 22 November 2011 . 7 February 2017 . . Sutirtho Patranobis.
  16. News: BASF gives Rs 17 crore boost to India business . 8 March 2014 . 7 February 2017 . Ashish K Tiwari . Daily News and Analysis.
  17. News: ONGC's huge outlay for Mangalore SEZ . https://web.archive.org/web/20070320115615/http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/20/stories/2006092006341700.htm . dead . 20 March 2007 . 19 September 2006 . 29 September 2006 . The Hindu. Chennai, India.
  18. News: India receives 1st parcel of Iranian oil for strategic storage . 12 October 2016 . 16 October 2016 . .
  19. News: 'Strategic storage of crude begins at Mangaluru cavern' . 12 October 2016 . 16 October 2016 . Business Standard.
  20. News: 'India Gets First Iranian Oil Parcel For Emergency Reserves' . 12 October 2016 . 16 October 2016 . .
  21. News: ONGC ties up with BPCL, Mitsui to set up LNG terminal at Mangalore . 12 October 2016 . 19 March 2013 . . Shine Jacob.
  22. News: Mangaluru: Second office of Interlog Services opens at Mangalore Internet City . 18 September 2016 . 12 December 2016 . Daijiworld.
  23. News: French logistic firm to open office in Mangaluru . 15 September 2016 . 12 December 2016 . The Times of India.
  24. Web site: Interlog Services - Our Locations . 26 December 2016 .
  25. Web site: Seaways Group - Branch Offices . 26 December 2016 .
  26. Web site: Hapag-Lloyd - Offices . 21 September 2017 .
  27. News: Maersk Line's breakthrough shipment of papayas set to revolutionize the Indian fruits industry . 21 September 2017 . 21 June 2017 . Hellenic Shipping News.
  28. Web site: Maersk Line - Contact . 21 September 2017 .
  29. Web site: SeaShine Shipping and Logistics Ltd - Contact Us . 14 September 2017 .
  30. Web site: CMA CGM - Offices & Contacts . 23 October 2018 .
  31. Web site: Morrison Express offices in APAC . 27 January 2021 .
  32. Web site: DIX Group of Companies - DIX Shipping . 14 September 2017 .
  33. News: Mangalore: Bharati Becomes First Shipyard to Enter Dakshina Kannada . 16 April 2008 . 27 December 2016 . . Melka Miyar.
  34. News: Banks approve Bharati Shipyard CDR package . 27 December 2016 . 21 January 2013 . Business Standard.
  35. News: Research vessel flagged off from Malpe . 24 February 2015 . 27 December 2016 . . Ganesh Prabhu.
  36. News: Sequent Scientific to acquire Arvee Synthesis . 23 May 2014 . 2 January 2017 . Business Standard.
  37. News: Syngene plans $100 mn manufacturing facility in Mangalore . 1 September 2015 . 13 May 2017 . Business Standard.
  38. News: Syngene International gains after Mangalore facility starts operations . 20 March 2020 . 20 March 2020 . Business Standard.
  39. News: Syngene International starts operations at Mangalore facility . 20 March 2020 . 20 March 2020 . India Infoline.
  40. News: Solara's Mangalore facility receives Establishment Inspection Report from USFDA . 9 November 2018 . 17 November 2018 . .
  41. News: Mangaluru: Centralized walk-in-interview at Sahyadri Campus on Jul 26. 23 July 2019. 1 February 2020. Daijiworld. Abhijith N Kolpe.
  42. News: Hindustan Unilever Ltd.. 18 March 2020. Business Standard.
  43. News: Suzlon to make REpower turbines at Mangalore plant . 25 March 2016 . 27 December 2016 . . N Ramakrishnan.
  44. Web site: Details of gyp-gyp-gy Trademark. 1 February 2020. Zauba Corp.
  45. News: Mangaluru's Naran's to enter Bengaluru . 20 April 2016 . 1 February 2020 . Business Line.
  46. News: Scented candle manufacturer diversifies into aerosol production in Mangalore . 13 January 2014 . 2 January 2017 . Business Line.
  47. Web site: Primacy Industries Ltd - About . 2 January 2017 . Primacy Industries.
  48. News: Solvay picks up minority stake in Catasynth Speciality Chemicals . 28 January 2021 . 11 March 2020 . Business Standard.
  49. Web site: Karnataka Bank - History . 22 April 2017 . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120317115018/http://www.karnatakabank.com/ktk/History.jsp . 17 March 2012.
  50. Web site: History . 31 December 2016 . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20061016191856/http://www.corpbank.com/asp/0100text.asp?presentID=84&headID=84 . 16 October 2006.
  51. News: Cheque truncation process from April, says Leeladhar . 31 December 2016 . . 20 November 2005 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121108063646/http://www.hindu.com/2005/11/20/stories/2005112015560300.htm . 8 November 2012 . dmy.
  52. Web site: Mangalore Stock Exchange (MgSE) . 2008-02-21 . SurfIndia (A premier directory on India).
  53. News: SEBI derecognises Mangalore Stock Exchange. 1 September 2004. 22 February 2008. India Info. https://web.archive.org/web/20061021220036/http://finance.indiainfo.com/news/2004/09/01/0109sebi.html. 21 October 2006. dead.
  54. Web site: Appeal No.158 of 2004. 22 February 2008. SEBI. https://web.archive.org/web/20110721161905/http://web.sebi.gov.in/satorders/mgstock.html. 21 July 2011. dead.
  55. Web site: Appeal No.158 of 2004. 22 February 2008. SEBI. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065747/http://web.sebi.gov.in/satorders/mangalore.html. 4 March 2016. dead.
  56. Web site: Mangalore Roboautonics Private Limited - Our Company . 15 June 2017 .
  57. News: Surinder Sud: Power tillers are back in business . 15 June 2015 . 15 June 2017 . . Surinder Sud.
  58. News: M'lorean develops remote control power tiller . 27 February 2014 . 15 June 2017 . Deccan Herald.
  59. Web site: Vanora Robots - About . 15 June 2017 .
  60. Web site: Home - Epitas . 15 September 2019 .
  61. Web site: Unimation Robotics - Industrial Automation Solutions . 19 November 2019 .
  62. News: Mangalore: Infosys conducts 'Hack-a-thon' contest for students. 9 January 2014. 4 September 2018. Daijiworld.
  63. News: Infosys to expand SEZ in Dakshina Kannada district. 24 April 2012. 4 September 2018. Business Standard. Prakash Chandran.
  64. Web site: Cognizant – Careers. 4 September 2018. Cognizant Technology Solutions.
  65. News: Cognizant to enlarge IT SEZ by 50%. 13 June 2013. 4 September 2018. Sumit Moitra. Daily News and Analysis.
  66. Web site: Endurance International Group – Our Offices. 4 September 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180904192206/https://india.endurance.com/offices/. 4 September 2018. dead.
  67. Web site: Endurance International Group – Our Locations. 4 September 2018.
  68. Web site: India - Thomson Reuters. 4 September 2018.
  69. News: Mangalore takes over as the new SEZ destination . 17 February 2008 . 4 September 2018 . . M Rochan . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120306033000/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Features/The_Sunday_ET/Property/Mangalore_takes_over_as_the_new_SEZ_destination/articleshow/2788712.cms . 6 March 2012 . dmy.
  70. News: Mangaluru: TCS to invest Rs 500 crores in Dakshina Kannada, create 4,000 jobs. 6 August 2020. 9 August 2020. Daijiworld.
  71. News: Karnataka: TCS gets nod to set up ITeS in Dakshina Kannada. 7 August 2020. 9 August 2020. The Times of India. Pinto. Stanley.
  72. Web site: Contact Riskonnect - The global leader in Integrated Risk Management . 4 September 2018 . Riskonnect.
  73. Web site: Contact - Coresight Research. 21 May 2020. Coresight Research.
  74. Web site: Contact Arkieva - Your global Supply Chain software solutions company . 4 September 2018 . Arkieva.
  75. Web site: Tetherfi Contact . 11 August 2020 . Tetherfi.
  76. News: Hinduja Global to acquire stake in Mphasis' BPO business for Rs 17 crore . 2 July 2015 . 4 September 2018 . The Economic Times.
  77. News: KEONICS proposes setting up electronics city in Mangaluru . 29 December 2020 . 27 January 2021 . The Hindu.
  78. News: Indian arecanut sample gets quality approval from Chinese company . 15 February 2017 . 22 April 2017 . AJ Vinayak . The Hindu Business Line.
  79. News: CAMPCO to release Dark Tan chocolate on September 14 . 12 September 2016 . 27 December 2016 . . Raviprasad Kamila.
  80. News: Cashew kernel prices fall in wholesale markets . 20 March 2013 . 5 January 2017 . Mahesh Kulkarni . Business Standard.
  81. News: In Mangalore, 'I' is for Ideal . 14 March 2012 . 2 October 2017 . . AJ Vinayak.
  82. News: Mangalore's Ideal ice cream wins national award . 10 December 2013 . 2 October 2017 . Business Line.
  83. News: Plants working at 70% capacity, aiming for optimal level soon: Adani Wilmar . 14 May 2020 . 27 January 2021 . Vinay Umarji . Business Standard.
  84. News: ICRA ratings for Indian debt instruments-Jul 7 . 7 July 2017 . 25 September 2017 . Reuters.
  85. News: Vietnam eats into India's cashew export plans . 28 July 2017 . 25 September 2017 . . PK Krishnakumar.
  86. Web site: Spectrum Industries - Enquiry . 2 October 2017.
  87. News: First cruise ship of the fiscal calls at New Mangalore Port . 1 April 2012 . 4 January 2017 . Business Line.
  88. Web site: Dubai Tourism commemorates inaugural visit of Celebrity Constellation . 2 December 2016 . 4 January 2017 . Travel Daily Media .
  89. News: Foreigners can enter India through five ports on e-visa . . 2 December 2016 . 5 December 2016.
  90. News: Nautica and Norwegian Star cruise through M'luru coast. 2016-12-03. 1 December 2016. Deccan Herald.
  91. News: Aida Aura arrives in Mangaluru. 10 December 2015. 2016-12-03. Deccan Chronicle. Gururaj A Paniyadi.
  92. News: Government plans first startup district with incubators . 8 April 2017 . 10 February 2017 . . Ruchika Chitravanshi.
  93. News: Mangaluru likely to be the first startup district in the country . 8 April 2017 . 31 March 2017. The New Indian Express.
  94. News: Government plans first startup district with incubators . 8 April 2017 . 10 February 2017 . Ruchika Chitravanshi. Economic Times.
  95. News: 'CEOL will lead to creation of Silicon Valley in west coast . 27 March 2018 . 30 December 2017 . The Hindu.
  96. News: Mangaluru to have start-up incubation centre: Nirmala Sitharaman . 17 June 2017 . 17 June 2017 . The Hindu.
  97. News: Mangaluru all set to become animation hub in Karnataka . 14 September 2017 . 24 July 2017 . . Sandeep Moudgal.
  98. Web site: CPCRI - Regional station - Vittal . 27 December 2016 . ICAR.
  99. Web site: ICAR-Directorate of Cashew Research, Puttur - Indian Council of Agricultural Research . 27 December 2016 . ICAR.
  100. Web site: KARNATAKA UDYOG MITRA – SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES - SEZ's in Karnataka . 14 June 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090130060454/http://www.kumbangalore.com/sez_karnataka.aspx . 30 January 2009 . dead . kumbangalore.com.
  101. Web site: Special Economic Zones in India. 14 June 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090419011251/http://www.sezindia.nic.in/HTMLS/approved-sez.htm . 19 April 2009 . SEZ India.
  102. Web site: Welcome to Mangalore SEZ Limited, India . Mangaloresez.com . 2014-06-17.
  103. Web site: Infosys Limited . Contact . Infosys . 2014-06-17.
  104. Web site: Tech Park SEZ - The B. A. Group - Thumbay . 12 December 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100201073401/http://www.bagroupthumbay.com/tech_park_sez.html. 1 February 2010 . B. A. Group Thumbay .
  105. Web site: DIC . Karnatakaindustry.gov.in . 2014-06-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140706060525/http://www.karnatakaindustry.gov.in/land.html . 6 July 2014 . dead .
  106. Web site: Nitesh Estates has paralleled the new wave of wealth creation. Live Mint. 11 May 2007 . 3 October 2017.
  107. News: Karnataka hopes to attract 20% of GIM investments from MSMEs. Business Line. 6 June 2012 . 3 October 2017.
  108. News: Flavours from the coast . 22 April 2017 . 30 March 2017 . . Lavanya Narayanan.
  109. News: 8% rise in fish catch in Udupi, Dakshina Kannada . 22 April 2017 . 7 June 2013 . AJ Vinayak . The Hindu Business Line.
  110. Web site: Mukka Seafood Industries Pvt. Ltd. . 28 December 2016 . Mukka Sea Foods .
  111. News: Mangalore Tiles Crown Victoria Terminus . 27 December 2016 . 2005-06-21 . Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore.
  112. News: Arecanut prices recover slightly in Mangalore . 19 August 2014 . 2 October 2017 . . Raviprasad Kamila.
  113. Web site: South Scan (Mangalore, Karnataka) . 20 March 2008 . CMP Media LLC . Durgesh U Kedilaya . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120309042030/http://www.crn.in/SouthScanNov152007.aspx . 9 March 2012 . dmy.

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