Economic Freedom Fighters Explained

Abbreviation:EFF
President:Julius Malema
Chairperson:Veronica Mente
Secretary General:Marshall Dlamini
Spokesperson:Leigh-Ann Mathys
Leader1 Title:Deputy President
Leader1 Name:Vacant
Leader2 Title:Deputy Secretary-General
Leader2 Name:Poppy Mailola
Leader3 Title:Treasurer-General
Leader3 Name:Omphile Maotwe
Founders:Julius Malema
Floyd Shivambu
Headquarters:119 Marshall Street, Johannesburg, Gauteng
Split:Expelled from the African National Congress
Student Wing:EFFSC
Membership Year:2022
Membership: 1,085,843[1]
National:Progressive Caucus
Position: Far-left
Colours: Red[2]
Slogan:Our land and jobs, now! [3]
Seats1 Title:National Assembly
Seats2 Title:National Council of Provinces
Seats3:(South African seats)
Seats4 Title:Provincial Legislatures
Seats5 Title:City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality (council)
Seats6 Title:Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality (council)
Seats7 Title:City of Cape Town (council)
Country:South Africa

The Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) is a South African communist and black nationalist political party. It was founded by expelled former African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) president Julius Malema, and his allies, in 2013.[4] Malema is president of the EFF, heading the Central Command Team, which serves as the central structure of the party.[5] It is currently the fourth-largest party in the National Assembly.[6]

History

Foundation and early history

At a 26 July 2013 press briefing in Soweto, Malema announced that the new party had over 1000 members, double the 500 required for registration with the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC).[7] The EFF is now registered with the IEC, after an objection to its registration by the Freedom Front Plus (FF+) was dismissed in September 2013.[8]

In 2015, the EFF suspended MP Lucky Twala and expelled three MPs, Mpho Ramakatsa, Andile Mngxitama and Khanyisile Litchfield-Tshabalala.[9] Mngxitama formed his own party, named Black First Land First (BLF),[10] while Litchfield-Tshabalala joined the United Democratic Movement.[11] Malema has been chiefly accused by former members of purging his critics to consolidate his power, thus ruling the party with an iron fist.[12] Malema acknowledged this criticism in a press conference and went on to say that the party should have expelled more ill-disciplined members.

Recent actions and activities

On 6 August 2015, the EFF announced that it has secured a Constitutional Court case for its "#PayBackTheMoney" campaign against Jacob Zuma. The case was heard on 9 February 2016. The judgement was released by Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng and stated that the then-President had violated the Constitution of South Africa, along with the Speaker of the National Assembly Baleka Mbete.[13] The President was given 60 days to fulfill the requirements of the Public Protector Thuli Madonsela.[14]

On 27 February 2018, the EFF tabled a motion in the National Assembly to amend the Constitution so as to allow for the expropriation of land without compensation. The motion, brought by the EFF leader Julius Malema, was adopted with a vote of 241 in support, and 83 against. The only parties who did not support the motion were the Democratic Alliance, Freedom Front Plus, Congress of the People and the ACDP.[15] Land expropriation is one of the EFF's seven cardinal pillars.[16]

In 2018, the party's student wing, the EFF Student Command came in first at several Student Representative Council elections, defeating the African National Congress (ANC)-aligned South African Students Congress (SASCO) at the Durban University of Technology, the University of Zululand and Mangosuthu University of Technology.[17] They also won in Cape Town, the District Six, Mowbray and Bellville Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) campuses with landslide victories. They also won the University of Cape Town.[18] Peter Keetse, president of the EFFSC, said the win was a warning shot for what was going to happen in 2019 national general elections. He said the youth were the influencers of the future: "this is an indication of what is to follow".[19]

In March 2023 the party attempted to organise a national shutdown in protest of loadshedding and calling for South African President Cyril Ramaphosa to step down. The shutdown was widely reported as ineffective[20] [21] [22] [23] and involved an number of instances of fake news spread by party supporters.[24] [25] [26]

In June 2024, the EFF refused to join the ANC-led Government of National Unity (GNU), because of the Democratic Alliance (DA) and Freedom Front Plus (FF+) participation in the coalition.[27]

Ideology and policies

Marxist ideology

The EFF "draws inspiration from the broad Marxist–Leninist tradition and Fanonian schools of thought in their analyses of the state, imperialism, culture and class contradictions in every society", according to its constitution.[28] [29] The EFF states that it takes inspiration from Burkinabé President Thomas Sankara in terms of both style and Marxist ideology.[30] Prominent EFF member Jackie Shandu declared the party a "proudly Sankarist formation".[31]

Death penalty

At the launch of the EFF in 2013, party leader Julius Malema called for a referendum on re-introducing the death penalty,[32] but by 2019 he had reversed this position.[33] [34]

Economics

The party has promised to tackle corruption, provide quality social housing, and provide free primary healthcare and education for all, as well as proposing to expropriate White-owned farmland, nationalise the mining and banking sectors, double welfare grants and the minimum wage, and end the proposed toll system for highways. It has criticised both the dominant African National Congress and the primary opposition party, the Democratic Alliance, for enacting policies that it claims have sold out the black people of South Africa to capitalism as cheap labour. However, after the 2016 local elections in South Africa, Malema suggested that the EFF would back the Democratic Alliance in hung-metro areas, while reiterating that it would not form a coalition with any political party.[35]

The EFF has vocally criticised black business owners, particularly in South Africa's mining sector. In an address at the Oxford Union in November 2015, Malema spoke out against billionaire mining company owner Patrice Motsepe.[36] [37] During further protests in 2015, the EFF delivered demands that included the socialisation of the mining sector and called for more explicit targets for the 26% BEE ownership required by law.[38] The EFF is a vocal proponent of expanding the role of South African state-owned enterprises in the national economy.[39] [40] In a public address at Marikana in the Rustenburg area, near the site of the Marikana massacre, Malema blamed mining companies for poverty in the region and called out platinum mining company Lonmin in particular.[41]

The EFF was the only parliamentary party that opposed the 2018 political party funding bill, a funding transparency law that requires political parties to publish their sources of funding.[42]

Foreign policy

Within Africa

The EFF presents itself as a Pan-Africanist party and supports the proposal for a United States of Africa. In respect to this, the EFF and Malema have repeatedly praised former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, promising to implement many of the policies in South Africa that Gaddafi implemented in Libya.[43] [44] [45] The party is against presence of the American military bases in Africa, most notably in Botswana.[46] Prior to forming the EFF, Malema had called for the overthrow of President Ian Khama's government in Botswana.[47]

The EFF has been strongly critical of the government of Eswatini, one of the last absolute monarchies in the world, advocating for democratic reforms in the country and the removal of borders between it and South Africa.[48] The party has supported a number of efforts to support change in Eswatini ranging from trying to shutdown the Eswatini-South Africa border with protest action[49] [50] to criticizing the electoral process in the country.[51]

The EFF is critical of France's presence in Africa; in 2022 the party picketed outside of and ultimately barricaded the country's embassy in Pretoria.[52] The French ambassador to South Africa criticised the EFF for scapegoating France as the supposed source of all Africa's problems. Following the death of Queen Elizabeth the EFF announced that they would not mourn her passing instead stating that "she never once acknowledged the atrocities her family inflicted on native people that Britain invaded across the world."[53]

Outside Africa

The EFF is against Zionism,[54] is strongly critical of Israel and its conflict with the Palestinians;[55] referring to the country as "evil" and advocating for its destruction.[56] [57] During the 2023 Israel–Hamas war the leader of the EFF Julius Malema stated the party's support for Hamas and that should the party win the 2024 election they would send arms to assist the organisation.[58] [59]

The EFF officially supports Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine, commending what they refer to as Russia's "anti-imperialist programme" against NATO. During the Lady R incident the party stated their support for any prospect of South African exports of military equipment to Russia that might assist in its liberation of Ukraine.[60]

The party supports closer bilateral relations between South Africa and China whilst considering Taiwan to be an "integral part" of the People's Republic of China; it has referred to the Chinese Communist Party as the "torch-bearer for all Marxist–Leninist formations in the world".[61]

LGBT+ rights

The EFF supports the rights of the LGBT+ community in Africa and officially condemns laws that seek to ban homosexuality.[62] The party was critical of Uganda's 2023 Anti-Homosexuality Bill and led a protest outside of the Ugandan embassy in South Africa urging Uganda's president not to sign it into law.[63] [64] [65] Later in 2023, the party was strongly criticized by members of the South African LGBT+ community for inviting Patrick Lumumba, a Kenyan professor known for making homophobic statements and who is publicly supportive of Uganda's 2023 Anti-Homosexuality Bill, to deliver the party's 10th anniversary lecture at the University of Cape Town.[66] [67] [68] [69]

Support base and prominent members

According to a November 2013 Ipsos survey, the party's supporters are younger than average, with 49% being younger than 24, overwhelmingly black (99%) and mostly male, with women representing only 33% of the support base. A disproportionate number of supporters live in Malema's home province of Limpopo (28%), while only 1% live in KwaZulu-Natal, a more populous province.[70] A 2018 survey conducted by social research company Citizen Surveys found that around 70% of EFF supporters were between the ages of 18 and 34, overwhelmingly black (97%), mostly based in major metropolitan cities (48%), predominantly male (62%) with 43% of their support base located in Gauteng Province.[71] The party was expected to make an impact in the 2014 general election, taking between 4 per cent and 8 per cent of the national vote. This was potentially enough for the party to hold the balance of power in provinces where the governing African National Congress was in danger of losing its absolute majority.[72] The ANC retained its absolute majority whilst the EFF got 6.35% of the vote in the 2014 election.[73]

High-profile members of the Central Command Team include [[Fana Mokoena]] and Mbuyiseni Ndlozi (National Spokesperson).[74] Controversial businessman Kenny Kunene joined the Central Command Team in July 2013 before resigning from the Central Command Team on 20 August 2013 and from the organisation on 26 August 2013.[75] [76] On 4 November 2013, it was announced that Dali Mpofu had left the African National Congress (ANC) after 33 years of membership and joined the EFF.[77] In December 2023, former ANC member and Areta leader Carl Niehaus joined the EFF.[78] On 19 August 2024 EFF leader Julius Malema announced to the party supporters in Soweto that Sinawo Tambo will be replacing former deputy and member of parliament Floyd Shivambu in parliament.

Student wing

The Economic Freedom Fighters Students Command (EFFSC) is the party's student wing, founded on 16 June 2015.[79] [80] It campaigns for free education,[81] universal access to education and the elimination of registration fees,[82]

Criticisms and controversies

Allegations of foreign ties

The ANC has accused the Zimbabwean ruling party, the Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF), of supporting the EFF in order to destabilise the ANC.[83]

In 2019 President Cyril Ramaphosa stated during a debate in Parliament that he had received numerous intelligence reports that the EFF "is an MI6 project" (a project of the foreign arm of British intelligence agencies).[84] The party's chairperson, Dali Mpofu, said he would shut down the EFF if the claims turned out to be true but he was removed as chairman in the same year.[85]

Alleged corruption

Tenders

A number of articles published by investigative journalists have accused the party of using their influence to earn improper payments from government suppliers in cities where the EFF has significant representative power.[86] An investigation by the amaBhungane centre for investigative journalism stated that the EFF received R500,000 in kickbacks from a company in return for a R1.26 billion contract to manage a fleet of vehicles used by the City of Johannesburg with tacit acquiescence of the Democratic Alliance.[87] [88] Another investigation alleges that the party improperly benefited from the awarding of a fuel supply contract for the City of Tshwane netting the party R15 million from successful contractors.[89]

VBS Mutual Bank

See also: VBS Mutual Bank.

Following the publication of a South African Reserve Bank report[90] into the collapse of VBS Mutual Bank implicating former EFF deputy president Floyd Shivambu's brother media reports came out alleging that Shivambu,who joined Jacob Zuma's UMkhonto weSizwe (political party) in August 2024,received R10 million in illicit payments from VBS prior to it being placed under curatorship in March 2018.[91] [92] Prior to the publication of the Reserve Bank's report the EFF criticised the Reserve Bank for placing VBS under curatorship and accused it of victimising VBS on racial grounds.[93] The EFF stated that it had seen no evidence that Shivambu received the R10 million[94] and called for government to recapitalise VBS Mutual Bank[95] whilst also taking legal action against those mentioned in the Reserve Bank report.[96] A follow-up investigation by the Daily Maverick alleged that the EFF illicitly received R1.8 million of VBS money through a network of proxy companies with the party's leadership (notably Shivambu and Malema) also illicitly receiving money though this network.[97] After being approached by the Mail & Guardian for comment on his personal financial expenses Floyd Shivambu admitted that money from VBS, channeled through his brother, was used to buy his Range Rover Sport valued at R680,000.[98] By June 2021 Shivambu's brother had repaid R4.55 million and admitted to taking VBS money.[99]

A follow-up investigation by the Daily Maverick found that R454,000 of VBS money was used to pay for the 2017 EFF birthday celebration.[100] It also found that a total of R16.1 million was channeled through a Shivambu associated company largely for the benefit of the EFF. An additional investigation traced financial statements from an account that received VBS funds and allegedly controlled by Julius Malema; leading the author of the investigation to estimate that Malema received and directly benefited from R5.3-million illegally taken from VBS.[101] Additional media reports in October 2019, alleged that the party received R4 million of VBS funds into a slush fund that was channeled to Malema via a company named Santaclara Trading.[102] [103] [104]

A former member of the EFF's leadership accused the party leadership of accepting donations from VBS Mutual Bank prior to its collapse. The South African Parliament’s joint ethics committee found that Shivambu had received at least R180,000, in three payments, of VBS money from his brother's company Sgameka Projects Pty Ltd in 2017; but found no evidence that Malema received any VBS related funds.[105] [106]

Malema has forwarded a conspiracy theory that the VBS collapse was part of a plot intended to damage the EFF.[107]

After former VBS chairman Tshifhiwa Matodzi was sentenced to 15 years in prison in July 2024, the Democratic Alliance and ActionSA demanded that police conduct a fresh investigation of Malema and Shivambu.[108]

Connections to violence

In October 2018, a group of seventeen former EFF members and councillors in the Northern Cape accused the party's senior leadership of corruption and sexual exploitation of more junior female party members.[109] Four months later, two former female employees of the EFF claimed that party leadership had intimidated and engaged in acts of bullying behaviour towards them and other party staff members.[110]

Following the temporary removal of eight EFF provincial MPs[111] from Gauteng Provincial Legislature, a large number of EFF members protesting against the ruling stormed the provincial legislature building.[112]

During violent university protests characterized by arson and vandalism, EFF Youth leader Omphile Seleke posted instructions on how to make petrol bombs on social media.[113]

A Vodacom store in Polokwane was damaged and looted by EFF members following a presentation by Corruption Watch at the 2018 Vodacom Awards, which included an image depicting EFF leaders Malema and Shivambu as "abusers of Democracy".[114] [115]

Following the 2019 State of the Nation address in parliament by President Ramaphosa, EFF MP Marshall Dlamini physically assaulted a member of the presidential security team after a disagreement between EFF MPs and security.[116]

During an October 2022 speech to members of the Western Cape EFF branch, Malema stated that party members should "never be scared to kill" in pursuit of what Malema described as the party's revolution.[117] [118] The South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC) ruled that the statement—along with seven others made by the EFF, such as "a revolutionary must become a cold killing machine motivated by pure hate"[119] —constituted hate speech.[120] The EFF disputed the SAHRC's ruling.

Intimidation of journalists and the media

Journalist Ranjeni Munusamy lodged an affidavit in December 2018 detailing threatening remarks, intimidation, harassment, and personal attacks made by party members, including Malema, towards her and other journalists[121] targeted by the party. The affidavit was supported by the South African National Editors Forum and other notable South African journalists such as Max du Preez, Pauli VanWyk, Adriaan Jurgens Basson, and Barry Bateman. The EFF denied any involvement in attacks on Munusamy and other journalists.[122] South African political journalist Karima Brown was the target of verbal abuse and threats of violence by EFF supporters following the EFF's publication of her personal contact details. This led to charges being laid by the police and Equity Court against the party, amid speculation that the instance might be in breach of South Africa's Electoral Code of Conduct. Parties in breach of the code risk having their registration to run in elections revoked.[123] Regarding the incident, Malema stated that journalists have no privileges, accused Brown of being a state agent, and denied that EFF supporters were making threatening remarks.[124] The court found in favour of Brown and ruled that the EFF had contravened the South African electoral code by inciting its supporters to harass Brown.[125]

Following the publication of an article by the amaBhungane Centre for investigative journalism looking into allegations of corruption by the EFF, the party controversially announced that it would be banning both amaBhungane and the Daily Maverick from its public events[86] [126] [127] and that they would be treated as enemies of the party.[128]

In 2018, the party's former deputy president, Floyd Shivambu, was filmed and charged with assaulting Netwerk24 journalist Adrian de Kock in Parliament.[129] [130] In January 2020, the EFF was forced to publicly apologize and pay damages following a Gauteng High Court judgment that the party had made and spread false allegations that two journalists, Thandeka Gqubule and Anton Harber, had been apartheid-era U.S. 'StratCom' agents.[131] [132]

Legal issues

In May 2019, the EFF was found guilty of defamation of character by the South Gauteng High Court and ordered to pay R500,000 in damages to former Finance Minister Trevor Manuel.[133] Manuel brought the EFF and its leader Malema to court after they had alleged that the appointment of Edward Kieswetter as commissioner of SARS by Manuel was the result of nepotism.[133] [134] Following the judgement, Manuel stated that he would be donating the R500,000 in damages to victims of the VBS Mutual Bank scandal in which the EFF is alleged to have participated.[135]

Following a string of court-case losses for inciting supporters to commit acts of intimidation (against journalist Brown), land invasion (which case was brought by AfriForum), or defamation of character (against ANC politician Manuel), the party was left with combined court costs amounting to almost R1 million.[136]

Attacking the judiciary

The judicial monitoring organisation Judges Matter[137] and the South African Ministry of Justice[138] have condemned the EFF and its leader Malema for making unsubstantiated comments that, according to Judges Matter, are "an attack on the judiciary, a threat to judicial independence, and almost certainly a violation of the Constitution".[139] This followed accusations Malema made in a criminal case against him for illegally discharging a firearm in a stadium. Malema accused the magistrate of incompetence and corruption when the magistrate refused to dismiss the case. Malema went on to make unsubstantiated accusations that the judgement was part of a conspiracy against him or his party.[140] [141] In addition to Malema, other senior EFF members—such as Dali Mpofu and Griffiths Madonsela—have made accusations, without evidence, against the judiciary and attacked the character of individual judges.[142]

Racism and ethnic prejudice

Anti-white racism

Since its establishment, the EFF has made a number of controversial racially- or ethnically-based statements about a number of South African minority groups, particularly white South Africans. The party has been criticized for adopting a biological interpretation of race that allows the EFF to easily generalize and attribute racism to particular groups or individuals based on their demographic classification; they are in turn targeted for racial prejudice by the party.[143] This has had a polarizing and radicalizing impact on South African politics. Leaders of the party have targeted a number of public servants, journalists, and communities based on their race.

During a 2016 political rally, EFF leader Julius Malema stated, "We are not calling for the slaughter of white people, at least for now." When asked for comment by a news agency, the ANC spokesperson, Zizi Kodwa, stated that there would be no comment from the ANC, as "[Malema] was addressing his own party supporters".[144] While still the ANCYL leader, Malema was taken to the Equality Court by AfriForum for repeatedly singing "dubul' ibhunu", meaning "shoot the Boer". The ANC supported Malema, though AfriForum and the ANC reached a settlement before the appeal case was due to be argued in the Supreme Court of Appeal.[145] A later 2022 hate-speech case brought against Malema by AfriForum for singing the same song found that the song was not hate speech.[146] [147]

South Africa's Independent Electoral Commission disqualified EFF councillor Thabo Mabotja from the 2016 local elections due to a tweet by Mabotja calling for the hacking and killing of white South Africans.[148] [149] The EFF formally welcomed the commission's decision and renounced Mabotja.[150] [151]

Speaking at a political rally in 2018, Malema told supporters to "go after a white man", a reference to Nelson Mandela Bay mayor Athol Trollip, adding that "we are cutting the throat of whiteness".[152] This led to the Democratic Alliance accusing the EFF's leader of racism and not sharing the more tolerant views of South Africans broadly.[153] The EFF later stated that the reference to the "throat of whiteness" was "a metaphorical reference to destroying white privilege" and was "not referring or advocating harm to white people".[154]

Following the death of former Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe, Malema tweeted a number of controversial quotes from the late Mugabe that were malicious towards white people, most notably "The only white man you can trust is a dead white man."[155] [156] The SAHRC condemned the quote and stated that it would be taking Malema to court for spreading hate speech.[157]

Anti-Indian racism

The South African Minority Rights Equality Movement initiated a court case against Malema for inciting racial sentiment after he stated that a "majority of Indians are racist" at an EFF Youth Day rally in 2018.[158]

The EFF was criticized by the South African Council of Churches, the Ahmed Kathrada Foundation,[159] and the ANC[160] for comparing Public Enterprises Minister Pravin Gordhan to a "dog" while protesting against the Zondo Commission inquiry into government corruption. The EFF also accused the anti-corruption investigators of being members of an "Indian cabal", in reference to Indian South Africans making up the investigative team.[161] [162] The EFF also retaliated against Gordhan by accusing him and his daughter of corruption.[163] These accusations were proven false[164] [165] and Gordhan laid charges of defamation against Malema, stating that the EFF's "determined defence of corruption and the corrupt, using personal attacks, racism and alleged hate speech is not acceptable and must be challenged".[166] The Equality Court declared that the EFF was not guilty of hate speech in its statements relating to Gordhan.[167] [168] The EFF leadership and its supporters have been criticized for using Gordhan's second name, Jamnadas, as a racial dog whistle to highlight his Indian ethnicity in a pejorative way and question his status as a South African on social media.[169]

ANC member and government minister, the late Jackson Mthembu, accused the EFF of being racist and having a "deep-seated hatred" for Indian South Africans when he criticized the party's pursuit of Gordhan during a parliamentary debate.[170] [171]

Ideological criticisms

Accusations of militarism and dictatorial practices

In 2013, the National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa criticized the EFF's "military command structure" and its failure to clarify who should take ownership over nationalized sections of the economy.[172] In April 2019, a former member of the EFF's central command, Thembinkosi Rawula, accused senior party leaders of dictatorial leadership practices.[173] The EFF denied Rawula's accusation and stated that it would sue him for defamation as well as make the party's financial information public.[174]

Allegations of fascism and anti-feminism

The party's practices and racial views have been widely defined as "fascist" by journalists,[175] [176] [177] commentators,[178] [179] [180] [181] academics,[182] [183] [184] and other political parties.[185] [186] Some commentators have compared its leader Julius Malema, and the party's cult of personality surrounding him, to Adolf Hitler[187] [188] [189] and Benito Mussolini.[190] [191] [192] The ANC’s National Executive Committee has described the EFF as a "proto-fascist party run dictatorially".[193] Gareth van Onselen, who worked for the Democratic Alliance for twelve years,[194] accused the party of being "fascist" due to its legacy of racial prejudice in a 2018 article.[195] In mid-June 2016, a group calling themselves "Anonymous Africa", claiming to be associated with the hacktivist group Anonymous, condemned the party and perpetrated a DDoS attack on the EFF's website, stating the reason to be the party's "nationalist socialist rhetoric".[196] South African academic Vishwas Satgar has argued that the EFF is not comparable to fascist parties of the twentieth century, but that it is instead a black neo-fascist party based on the ideologies of centralized state ownership and control along with African nativism. According to Satgar, its appeals to "race baiting, nativist nationalism, hypermasculinity, and disposition to violence are similar in these respects to the new fascisms rising in Europe, the United States, and India."

The EFF's leader has been criticized in the media for the party's lack of focus on feminist politics,[197] with some critics accusing the party of anti-feminism. Feminists have argued that the party's militaristic language undermines its commitment to women's rights, while disaffected female party members have criticized the EFF for having a patriarchal power structure.[198] [199]

Election results

National elections

National Assembly

|-!Election!Total votes!Share of vote!Seats !+/–!Government|-!2014[200] | 1,169,259| 6.35%|| 25||-!2019| 1,881,521| 10.79%|| 19||-!2024| 1,529,961| 9.52%|| 5||}

National Council of Provinces

|-!Election!Total # of
seats won!+/–|-!2014|| 7|-!2019|| 4|}

Provincial elections

!rowspan=2|Election
[200] [201] !colspan=2|Eastern Cape!colspan=2|Free State!colspan=2|Gauteng!colspan=2|Kwazulu-Natal!colspan=2|Limpopo!colspan=2|Mpumalanga!colspan=2|North-West!colspan=2|Northern Cape!colspan=2|Western Cape|- !%!!Seats!%!!Seats!%!!Seats!%!!Seats!%!!Seats!%!!Seats!%!!Seats!%!!Seats!%!!Seats|-!2014|3.48%||2/63|8.15%||2/30|10.30%||8/73|1.85%||2/80|10.74%||6/49|6.26%||2/30|13.21%||5/33|4.96%||2/30|2.11%||1/42|-!2019|7.84%||5/63|12.58%||4/30|14.69%||11/73|9.71%||8/80|14.43%||7/49|12.79%||4/30|18.36%||6/33|9.71%||3/30|4.04%||2/42|-!2024|10.14%||8/63|13.52%||4/30|12.93%||11/73|2.26%||2/80|14.12%||9/49|13.87%||7/30|17.37%||7/33|13.25%||4/30|5.30%||2/42|}

Municipal elections

|-!Election!Votes!%|-!2016[202] |3,202,679|8.31%|-!2021[203] |3,223,828|10.54%|}

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Target of one million members reached . December 5, 2022 . 22 December 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221222102929/https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/target-of-one-million-members-reached--eff . live .
  2. Web site: Red Tide: From 'economic freedom' to 'white genocide', extremism grabs the spotlight (in English). Daily Maverick. 14 October 2013. 1 November 2013. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20131017020415/http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-10-14-red-tide-from-economic-freedom-to-white-genocide-extremism-grabs-the-spotlight/#.UnQCyhb1DoF. 17 October 2013.
  3. News: Daniel . Luke . EFF manifesto launch 2019: Five main talking points . 16 April 2020 . The South African . 2 February 2019 . 30 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200730214633/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/eff-manifesto-launch-2019-talking-points/ . live .
  4. News: Malema launches his Economic Freedom Fighters. Meggan Saville. Dispatch Online. 12 July 2013. 16 July 2013. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20130725200305/http://www.dispatch.co.za/malema-launches-his-economic-freedom-fighters/. 25 July 2013.
  5. News: Malema takes command of Economic Freedom Fighters. Setumo Stone. Business Day. 11 July 2013. 16 July 2013. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20130714113641/http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/politics/2013/07/11/malema-takes-command-of-economic-freedom-fighters. 14 July 2013.
  6. Web site: South Africa election: ANC forced into coalition as it loses votes to Zuma's MK - as it happened . 2024-06-15 . BBC News . en-gb.
  7. News: EFF readies for election registration as over 1 000 members recruited. SAPA. The Times. 28 July 2013. 28 July 2013. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20130730092849/http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2013/07/28/eff-readies-for-election-registration-as-over-1-000-members-recruited. 30 July 2013.
  8. News: It's official: Malema's EFF is a political party. Verashni Pillay. Mail & Guardian. 5 September 2013. 5 September 2013. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20130907063401/http://mg.co.za/article/2013-09-05-malemas-eff-to-contest-2014-elections. 7 September 2013.
  9. News: Litchfield-Tshabalala UDM's new national organiser. Genevieve Quintal. 5 June 2015. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150930022925/http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/Litchfield-Tshabalala-UDMs-new-national-organiser-20150605. 30 September 2015.
  10. News: Elections 2019: Black First Land First . 17 April 2020 . www.sabcnews.com . 21 April 2019 . 1 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200801115553/https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/black-first-land-first/ . live .
  11. News: Deputy president dumps UDM as infighting claims surface . 17 April 2020 . The Daily Dispatch . en-ZA . 30 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200730213549/https://www.dispatchlive.co.za/news/2016-09-22-deputy-president-dumps-udm-as-infighting-claims-surface/ . live .
  12. News: Nyathi . Mandisa . Masuabi . Queenin . Malema faces an EFF rebellion . 20 April 2020 . CityPress . 25 November 2019 . en . 21 December 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191221233818/https://city-press.news24.com/News/malema-faces-an-eff-rebellion-20191123 . live .
  13. Web site: WATCH: Full Nkandla ConCourt judgment. Business Day Live. 10 April 2016. 4 April 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160404055655/http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2016/03/31/watch-full-nkandla-concourt-judgment. live.
  14. News: Lets meet in court, Malema tells Zuma. Emsie Ferreira. 6 August 2015. 26 January 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160201155340/http://www.iol.co.za/news/special-features/lets-meet-in-court-malema-tells-zuma-1896636. 1 February 2016.
  15. News: Goba . Neo . National Assembly adopts EFF motion on land expropriation . 20 April 2020 . TimesLIVE . 27 February 2018 . en-ZA . 30 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200730215523/https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2018-02-27-national-assembly-adopts-eff-motion-on-land-expropriation/ . live .
  16. News: National Assembly adopts motion on land expropriation without compensation. Jan Gerber. 27 February 2018. 12 October 2018. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20180920012156/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/breaking-national-assembly-adopts-motion-on-land-expropriation-without-compensation-20180227. 20 September 2018.
  17. News: Bhengu . Lwandile . EFF's student body victory is not a political mirror for 2019 elections' says Sasco . 20 April 2020 . TimesLIVE . 1 October 2018 . en-ZA . 30 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200730214821/https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2018-10-01-effs-student-body-victory-is-not-a-political-mirror-for-2019-elections-says-sasco/ . live .
  18. News: Hlati . Okuhle . EFF claiming victory in UCT student elections . 20 April 2020 . Independent Online . 3 October 2019 . en . 30 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200730215641/https://www.iol.co.za/capetimes/news/eff-claiming-victory-in-uct-student-elections-33997631 . live .
  19. News: Comrades see red as students back EFF on campus. Kwandokuhle Njoli. 30 September 2018. 12 October 2018. 13 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181013014304/https://www.iol.co.za/sunday-tribune/news/comrades-see-red-as-students-back-eff-on-campus-17275465. live.
  20. Web site: Wagiet . Rafiq . 20 March 2023 . EFF National Shutdown: Did it have the desired effect? No, is the answer... . 2023-03-21 . CapeTalk . en-ZA.
  21. Web site: Davis . Rebecca . 2023-03-20 . ANALYSIS: Gaslighters-in-Chief: The true meaning of the EFF's big national fizzle . 2023-03-21 . Daily Maverick . en.
  22. Web site: Felix . Jason . Malema hints EFF shutdown low turn-out due to canceled buses, ANC thanks SA for not joining marches . 2023-03-21 . News24 . en-US.
  23. Web site: Mashigo . Lehlohonolo . 2023-03-21 . DA's Solly Malatsi says 'national shutdown' was a mountain that gave birth to a mouse . 2023-03-21 . MSN . en-ZA.
  24. News: PesaCheck . 2023-03-20 . FALSE: This video is not of Julius Malema's organised 2023 national shutdown in South Africa . 2023-05-26 . Medium . en.
  25. Web site: Nkanjeni . Unathi . Electricity minister denies EFF's 'national shutdown' had anything to do with load-shedding suspension . 2023-05-25 . TimesLIVE . en-ZA.
  26. Web site: PesaCheck . 2023-03-30 . FALSE: The Economic Freedom Fighters did not stop load shedding . 2023-05-25 . Medium . en.
  27. News: Seeletsa . Molefe . 'As long as DA, FF Plus aren't included': EFF urges ANC to abandon GNU, join forces . The Citizen . 29 June 2024 . en.
  28. Web site: EFF Constitution . Economic Freedom Fighters . The EFF takes socialism as the theoretical basis guiding its thinking and development of its political line and in this respect identifies itself as a MARXIST, LENINIST, and FANONIAN organization..
  29. Web site: About Us . Economic Freedom Fighters . 16 April 2020 . 13 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200713053419/https://effonline.org/about-us/ . live .
  30. News: Duval Smith. Alex. 30 April 2014. 'Africa's Che Guevara': Thomas Sankara's legacy. British Broadcasting Corporation. London. 5 November 2014. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20141101053949/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27219307. 1 November 2014.
  31. News: Shandu. Jackie. 22 May 2014. The Sankarist makings of the EFF. Daily Maverick. Johannesburg. 5 November 2014. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20141106000454/http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2014-05-22-the-sankarist-makings-of-eff/#.VFqe0d186rX. 6 November 2014.
  32. Web site: iafrica.com Juju wants death penalty . 1 September 2016 . iafrica.com . 8 February 2018 . 1 September 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160901181605/http://news.iafrica.com/sa/883240.html . dead.
  33. Web site: Malema slams calls for return of death penalty . Ntsako . Mashaba . 4 September 2019.
  34. Web site: The EFF does not support the death penalty - Malema . Citizen . Reporter . 5 September 2019 . The Citizen.
  35. News: Feltham . Luke . Malema says the EFF won't form coalitions, but will support DA in hung metros . The M&G Online . live . 27 November 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161128050103/http://mg.co.za/article/2016-08-17-malema-says-the-eff-wont-form-coalitions-but-will-support-da-in-hung-metros . 28 November 2016.
  36. Web site: Business Day . www.bdlive.co.za . 27 November 2016 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20151229135821/http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/politics/2015/11/26/effs-malema-takes-aim-at-sellout-black-billionaires-in-oxford-address . 29 December 2015.
  37. Web site: Patrice Motsepe has no power' says Malema. Jordaan. Buchule Raba And Nomahlubi. Times LIVE. 27 November 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161127215142/http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2016/05/01/Patrice-Motsepe-has-no-power%E2%80%9A-says-Malema. 27 November 2016.
  38. News: Yes and no to EFF's list of demands . John . Victoria . The M&G Online . 27 November 2016 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20161128050240/http://mg.co.za/article/2015-11-01-yes-and-no-to-effs-list-of-demands . 28 November 2016.
  39. Web site: EFF Wants State To Create AI, Robotics And BioTechnology Firms . Lourie . Gugu . 3 February 2019 . TechFinancials . en-ZA . 17 February 2019 . 17 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190217203031/https://techfinancials.co.za/2019/02/03/eff-wants-state-to-create-ai-robotics-and-biotechnology-firms/ . dead.
  40. Web site: The EFF's 2019 election manifesto (IV) – DOCUMENTS Politicsweb . www.politicsweb.co.za . 17 February 2019 . 17 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190217201106/https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/the-effs-2019-election-manifesto-iv . live.
  41. Web site: SABC News – Malema blames mining companies for high levels of poverty:Thursday 7 July 2016 . Tatai . Sello . www.sabc.co.za . 27 November 2016 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161127232029/http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/bdd0ce804d689dfe9d42df4b5facb1b5/Malema-blames-mining-companies-for-high-levels-of-poverty-20160707 . 27 November 2016.
  42. News: Reasons why the EFF rejects the political party funding bill . 15 September 2018 . 15 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180915073113/https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1871025/reasons-why-the-eff-rejects-the-political-party-funding-bill/ . live.
  43. Web site: 2018-09-02 . Fearless Julius Malema – All Africans Should watch this . YouTube . 2021-11-19 . 17 July 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210717100754/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dqnZ0Io9Z7M . live .
  44. 1254717604171845632. EFFSouthAfrica.
    1. EFFFreedomDayRally Malema: We must...
    . 27 April 2020.
  45. 999984373612072962. EFFSouthAfrica.
    1. EFFAfricaDay Malema: We celebrate...
    . 25 May 2018.
  46. Web site: ANC govt deliberately sabotaging Eskom – EFF - DOCUMENTS Politicsweb . 2022-05-18 . www.politicsweb.co.za . en . 16 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220516160147/https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/conditions-worsening-in-sa-under-anc-govt--eff . live .
  47. Web site: 2019-06-14 . Botswana may lift ban on Malema, Bushiri, and others considered 'security concerns' . 2022-05-26 . The Citizen . en . 20 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230320122425/https://www.citizen.co.za/news/news-world/news-africa/botswana-may-lift-ban-on-malema-bushiri-and-others-considered-security-concerns/ . live .
  48. Web site: Pambo . Vuyani . 29 June 2021 . EFF STATEMENT ON THE DEVELOPMENTS IN ESWATINI. . 4 October 2023 . EFF Online . Economic Freedom Flighters.
  49. Web site: Myeni . Thabi . South Africa's EFF leads peaceful protests at Eswatini borders . 2023-10-04 . www.aljazeera.com . en.
  50. Web site: Bhengu . Cebelihle . 19 April 2022 . EFF shuts down Eswatini borders — Here's why . 2023-10-04 . TimesLIVE . en-ZA.
  51. Web site: 2023-10-01 . Malema describes eSwatini elections as a mockery of democracy . 2023-10-04 . SABC News . en-US.
  52. Web site: Khumalo . Juniour . Africa Day: EFF in protest outside French embassy, says continent 'remains at mercy of former colonial masters' . 2022-05-26 . News24 . en-US . 26 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220526085625/https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/africa-day-eff-in-protest-outside-french-embassy-says-continent-remains-at-mercy-of-former-colonial-masters-20220525 . live .
  53. Web site: 9 September 2022 . A global outpouring of grief mixes with criticism of the monarchy . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220909061812/https://indianexpress.com/article/world/queen-elizabeth-death-reactions-criticism-8140045/ . 9 September 2022 . 9 September 2022 . The New York Times . The Indian Express.
  54. Web site: Israel is an 'evil state that must be destroyed' - South Africa's EFF . 19 May 2022 . 14 August 2022 . 14 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220814144247/https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-707221 . live .
  55. Web site: EFF demands Israeli ambassador leaves SA as Palestinian death toll climbs to 58 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220911130556/https://www.news24.com/News24/eff-demands-israeli-ambassador-leaves-sa-as-palestinian-death-toll-climbs-to-58-20180515 . 11 September 2022 . 2022-09-11 . News24 . en-US.
  56. Web site: Israel is an evil state. which must be destroyed as a matter of urgency! - EFF - POLITICS Politicsweb . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220911130555/https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/israel-is-an-evil-state-which-must-be-destroyed-as . 11 September 2022 . 2022-09-11 . www.politicsweb.co.za . en.
  57. Web site: Israel is an 'evil state that must be destroyed' - South Africa's EFF . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220814144247/https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-707221 . 14 August 2022 . 2022-09-11 . The Jerusalem Post JPost.com . 19 May 2022 . en-US.
  58. Web site: Goba . Thabiso . When EFF governs SA, we'll 'arm Hamas to fight for their freedom' - Malema . 2023-10-25 . ewn.co.za . en.
  59. Web site: Mbolekwa . Sisanda . 23 October 2023 . 'When we take over in 2024 we will fund Hamas,' says Malema . 2023-10-25 . TimesLIVE . en-ZA.
  60. Web site: Morgan . Kayleen . 'If guns were given to Russia it was a good thing' - Malema . https://web.archive.org/web/20230519150848/https://ewn.co.za/2023/05/15/if-guns-were-given-to-russia-it-was-a-good-thing-malema . May 19, 2023 . 2023-05-19 . ewn.co.za . en.
  61. News: Mashigo . Lehlohonolo . 25 October 2022 . EFF congratulates re-election of General-Secretary of Communist Party of China . Independent Online . 15 March 2023 . 15 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230315201722/https://www.iol.co.za/the-star/news/eff-congratulates-re-election-of-general-secretary-of-communist-party-of-china-ccd585a5-9049-4fe6-8850-ab43a3d51de8 . live .
  62. Web site: 24 March 2023 . EFF CONDEMNS UGANDA'S ANTI-HOMOSEXUALITY BILL . 5 April 2023 . Economic Freedom Fighters .
  63. Web site: South African opposition protests Uganda's anti-LGBTQ bill . 2023-04-05 . Yahoo News . 4 April 2023 . en-US.
  64. Web site: Ramushwana . Alpha . EFF urges other African countries to unite against Uganda's anti-LGBTQIA+ bill . 2023-04-05 . ewn.co.za . en.
  65. Web site: Mahlati . Zintle . WATCH 'Leave the people as they are': Malema leads picket against Uganda's anti-homosexuality bill . 2023-04-05 . News24 . en-US.
  66. Web site: Calitz . Ernst . 2023-07-24 . CAMPUS STRIFE: UCT students and staff protest against anti-gay academic Patrick Lumumba at EFF event . 2023-08-03 . Daily Maverick . en.
  67. Web site: Hendricks . Text by Mary-Anne Gontsana Photos by Ashraf . 2023-07-24 . Supporters of gay rights and EFF members go head to head at UCT . 2023-08-03 . GroundUp News . en.
  68. Web site: Charles . Marvin . WATCH 'EFF has blood on its hands': UCT students fume as controversial anti-gay academic's talk goes ahead . 2023-08-03 . News24 . en-US.
  69. Web site: Igual . Roberto . 2023-07-25 . EFF and LGBTQI+ students clash over queerphobic professor's UCT lecture . 2023-08-03 . MambaOnline - Gay South Africa online . en-US.
  70. Web site: The supporter profiles of SA's three largest parties. Politicsweb. 6 February 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140222022154/http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page72308?oid=534039&sn=Marketingweb+detail&pid=90389. 22 February 2014.
  71. Web site: Citizen Surveys: How many white EFF supporters exist, and 11 other stats. 1 November 2018. Citizen Surveys. en-US. 30 September 2019. 30 September 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190930155418/https://citizensurveys.net/citizen-surveys-how-many-white-eff-supporters-exist-and-11-other-stats/. live.
  72. News: Economic Freedom Fighters on rise in South Africa. 1 May 2014. 6 May 2014. The Irish Times. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140506162746/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/economic-freedom-fighters-on-rise-in-south-africa-1.1779028. 6 May 2014.
  73. Web site: ANC wins 249 seats. 12 May 2014. News24. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140512215131/http://www.news24.com/Elections/News/ANC-wins-249-seats-20140510. 12 May 2014. 30 September 2019.
  74. Web site: Economic Freedom Fighters. Central Command Team. effonline.org. 21 April 2018. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20130812200344/http://effighters.org.za/structure/officials/. 12 August 2013.
  75. News: 'Sushi King' quits EFF leadership. Poloko Tau. Independent Online. 21 August 2013. 24 August 2013. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20130824143456/http://www.iol.co.za/news/special-features/sushi-king-quits-eff-leadership-1.1565564#.UhhxMWthiSM. 24 August 2013.
  76. News: Kunene quits EFF. SAPA. News24. 26 August 2013. 5 September 2013. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20130829084845/http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/Kunene-quits-EFF-20130826. 29 August 2013.
  77. Web site: Dali Mpofu joins EFF – Cape Times. IOL.co.za. 4 November 2013. 23 November 2013. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20131202233822/http://www.iol.co.za/capetimes/dali-mpofu-joins-eff-1.1601553#.UoctTNKmimg. 2 December 2013.
  78. Web site: Carl Niehaus joins EFF . iol.co.za . 3 August 2024.
  79. Web site: RISE OF THE EFF YOUTH: EFF Students Command brigades take university SRC elections by storm. Nkateko. Mabasa. Daily Maverick. 4 October 2018. 24 April 2020. 3 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200803124531/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-10-05-eff-students-command-brigades-take-university-src-elections-by-storm/. live.
  80. Web site: EFF student command secretary, Aseza Mayaphi, arrested for wearing SANDF uniform. Samantha. Riddle. 23 January 2019. briefly.co.za. 24 April 2020. 30 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200730213853/https://briefly.co.za/22664-eff-student-command-secretary-aseza-mayaphi-arrested-wearing-sandf-uniform.html. live.
  81. News: EFF Students Command issues fierce warning to universities . 22 April 2020 . The South African . 21 January 2019 . 30 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200730211427/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/eff-students-command-warning-to-universities/amp/ . dead .
  82. News: EFF Students Command demands fee-free registration at universities… or else. News24. 24 April 2020. 22 November 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191122053243/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/eff-students-command-demands-fee-free-registration-at-universities-or-else-20190108. live.
  83. News: Mantashe hits out at EFF for 'distorting the Freedom Charter'. Natasha Marrian. Business Day. 29 July 2013. 30 July 2013. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20130801072713/http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/politics/2013/07/29/mantashe-hits-out-at-eff-for-distorting-the-freedom-charter. 1 August 2013.
  84. News: Cele . S'thembile . 14 February 2019 . Ramaphosa: I was warned that the 'EFF was an MI6 project' . City Press . 18 April 2023.
  85. News: 18 February 2019 . Mpofu promises to shut EFF down if MI6 allegations turn out to be true . The Citizen . 18 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220928173246/https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/politics/mpofu-promises-to-shut-eff-down-if-mi6-allegations-turn-out-to-be-true/ . 28 September 2022.
  86. Web site: Malema and EFF get R15m in 'kickbacks' in Tshwane fuel scandal – report. citizen.co.za. 30 September 2019. 17 October 2019. 1 October 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191001184117/https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/politics/2185034/malema-and-eff-get-r15m-in-kickbacks-in-tshwane-fuel-scandal-report/. live.
  87. Web site: Firm that won R1bn Jo'burg fleet contract paid Malema-EFF 'slush-fund' – amaBhungane. Micah Reddy and Stefaans Brümmer. 29 November 2018. amabhungane.org. en-ZA. 29 November 2018. 30 November 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181130030407/https://amabhungane.org/stories/firm-that-won-r1bn-joburg-fleet-contract-paid-malema-eff-slush-fund/. live.
  88. Web site: Tender comrades part 1: Trailing the Juju tractor. amaBhungane. en-US. 17 October 2019. 17 October 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191017152043/https://amabhungane.org/stories/tender-comrades-part-1-trailing-the-juju-tractor/. live.
  89. Web site: AMABHUNGANE: Tender Comrades Part Two: Tshwane tenderpreneur's R15m 'EFF tithe'. amaBhungane. Stefaans Brummer & Micah Reddy for. Daily Maverick. 29 September 2019. en. 17 October 2019. 10 October 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191010030914/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-09-29-tender-comrades-part-two-tshwane-tenderpreneurs-r15m-eff-tithe/. live.
  90. Web site: The Great Bank Heist: Investigator's Report to the Prudential Authority. Motau. Terry. 10 October 2018. South African Reserve Bank. 135. 11 October 2018. 26 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190626094410/https://www.resbank.co.za/Lists/News%20and%20Publications/Attachments/8830/VBS%20Mutual%20Bank%20-%20The%20Great%20Bank%20Heist.pdf. live.
  91. News: The Shivambu Brothers and the Great VBS Heist. Van Wyk. Pauli. 11 October 2018. Daily Maverick. 11 October 2018. 11 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181011043855/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-10-11-the-shivambu-brothers-and-the-great-vbs-heist/. live.
  92. News: PIC, VBS, Floyd and his baby brother. Jika. Sabelo Skiti, Thanduxolo. 12 October 2018. The M&G Online. 13 October 2018. 12 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181012125435/https://mg.co.za/article/2018-10-12-00-pic-vbs-floyd-and-his-baby-brother. live.
  93. Web site: EFF STATEMENT ON VBS CURATORSHIP EFF: Economic Freedom Fighters. Ndlozi. Mbuyiseni Quintin. 11 March 2018. Economic Freedom Fighters. 13 October 2018. 13 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181013172431/https://www.effonline.org/single-post/2018/03/11/EFF-STATEMENT-ON-VBS-CURATORSHIP. live.
  94. News: Money was exchanged – but Floyd did not get any from VBS bank, says Malema. 16 October 2018. 16 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181016152136/https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2018-10-16-there-are-exchanges-of-money-between-floyd-and-brian-shivambu-but-floyd-did-not-get-money-from-vbs-says-eff/. live.
  95. News: EFF calls for VBS to be recapitalised IOL News. Zintle. Mahlati. 16 October 2018. IOL. 16 October 2018. 16 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181016165527/https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/eff-calls-for-vbs-to-be-recapitalised-17501083. live.
  96. News: Malema: VBS allegations meant to 'discredit the EFF'. Mvumvu. Zingisa. 16 October 2018. Dispatch Live. 16 October 2018. 16 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181016143102/https://www.dispatchlive.co.za/politics/2018-10-16-malema-vbs-allegations-meant-to-discredit-the-eff/. live.
  97. News: VBS bank heist: EFF's family ties and moneyed connections. Wyk. Pauli Van. 21 November 2018. Daily Maverick. 21 November 2018. 21 November 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181121142631/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-11-21-vbs-bank-heist-effs-family-ties-and-moneyed-connections/. live.
  98. Web site: VBS's R680k paid for Floyd's wheels. Skiti. Thanduxolo Jika, Sabelo. The M&G Online. 26 September 2019. 30 September 2019. 30 September 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190930175203/https://mg.co.za/article/2019-09-26-vbss-r680k-paid-for-floyds-wheels/. live.
  99. Web site: Wyk. Pauli Van. 2021-06-06. SCORPIO: Floyd Shivambu's brother quietly pays back R4.55m, admits he received the VBS money gratuitously. 2021-06-07. Daily Maverick. en. 7 June 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210607144748/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-06-06-floyd-shivambus-brother-quietly-pays-back-r4-55m-admits-he-received-the-vbs-money-gratuitously/. live.
  100. Web site: SCORPIO: 'Cruising nicely' on VBS: EFF's Parties, Lies and Looted Money. Wyk. Pauli Van. Daily Maverick. 27 May 2019. 1 June 2019. 2 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190602084711/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-05-27-cruising-nicely-on-vbs-effs-parties-lies-and-looted-money/. live.
  101. Web site: SCORPIO: VBS Theft, Money Laundering & Life's Little Luxuries: Julius Malema's time of spending dangerously. Wyk. Pauli Van. 8 September 2019. Daily Maverick. 30 September 2019. 30 September 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190930165440/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-09-08-vbs-theft-money-laundering-lifes-little-luxuries-julius-malemas-time-of-spending-dangerously/. live.
  102. Web site: Over R4m in 'concerning' payments made into Malema slush fund – report. citizen.co.za. 13 October 2019. 17 October 2019. 17 October 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191017153330/https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/politics/2190574/over-r4m-in-concerning-payments-made-into-malema-slush-fund-report/. live.
  103. Web site: Julius Malema's 'slush fund' exposed. TimesLIVE. 17 October 2019. 16 October 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191016204742/https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/news/2019-10-13-julius-malemas-slush-fund-exposed/. live.
  104. Web site: Malema linked to another company that had a VBS loan – report. 13 October 2019. News24. 17 October 2019. 17 October 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191017153335/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/malema-linked-to-another-company-that-had-a-vbs-loan-report-20191013. live.
  105. Web site: Maliti . Jason Felix and Soyiso . Parliament closes Malema's VBS Bank file due to lack of evidence . 2023-10-04 . News24 . en-US.
  106. Web site: Merten . Marianne . 2023-10-02 . Ethics committee raps Floyd Shivambu on knuckles over VBS payments . 2023-10-04 . Daily Maverick . en.
  107. Web site: WATCH: 'VBS was meant to collapse and finish EFF' – Malema. 3 May 2019. News24. 1 June 2019. 1 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190601091938/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/watch-vbs-was-meant-to-collapse-and-finish-eff-malema-20190503. live.
  108. News: . 12 July 2024 . Calls To Probe S.Africa Opposition Chief In Collapsed Bank Scandal . . . 17 July 2024.
  109. News: Expelled EFF members accuse Malema, Shivambu of corruption, want to work with Hawks. reporter. Citizen. 7 October 2018. The Citizen. 13 October 2018. en. 13 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181013172317/https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/2019199/expelled-eff-members-accuse-malema-shivambu-of-corruption-want-to-work-with-hawks/. live.
  110. Web site: More women make claims of EFF bullying and abuse. Peter. Zamayirha. 16 February 2019. CityPress. en. 22 February 2019. 22 February 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190222041041/https://city-press.news24.com/News/more-women-make-claims-of-eff-bullying-and-abuse-20190216. live.
  111. Web site: 1 July 2014 . EFF kicked out of Gauteng Legislature . 24 July 2014 . enca.co.za . 28 July 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140728121935/http://www.enca.com/eff-kicked-out-gauteng-legislature . live .
  112. Web site: EFF storm Gauteng Provincial Legislature . ewn.co.za . 24 July 2014 . 24 July 2014 . 29 July 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140729144228/http://ewn.co.za/2014/07/22/EFF-storm-Gauteng-Provincial-Legislature . live .
  113. News: EFF's 'petrol bomb recipe' fuels Tuks fears. de Lange. Ilse. 29 February 2016. The Citizen. 14 April 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170414081535/http://citizen.co.za/news/news-national/1013882/effs-petrol-bomb-recipe-fuels-tuks-fears/. 14 April 2017. live.
  114. Web site: 'Matter now closed' – EFF, Vodacom issue joint statement following unrest. Seleka. Ntwaagae. 4 December 2018. News24. en-ZA. 1 January 2019. 2 January 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190102003719/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/matter-now-closed-eff-vodacom-issue-joint-statement-following-unrest-20181204. live.
  115. Web site: Why Vodacom met with the EFF. Staff Writer. 4 December 2018. mybroadband.co.za. en-ZA. 1 January 2019. 1 January 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190101202459/https://mybroadband.co.za/news/business-telecoms/288272-why-vodacom-met-with-the-eff.html. live.
  116. Web site: EFF MP slaps man after SONA. Gerber. Jan. 8 February 2019. www.news24.com. en-ZA. 8 February 2019. 9 February 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124422/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/watch-eff-mp-slaps-man-after-sona-20190208. live.
  117. Web site: Malema reported to SAHRC for latest 'kill' remarks – AfriForum - DOCUMENTS Politicsweb . 2022-10-23 . www.politicsweb.co.za . en . 23 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221023103152/https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/malema-reported-to-human-rights-commission--afrifo . live .
  118. Web site: Reporter . Citizen . 2022-10-21 . 'Never be scared to kill': AfriForum reports Malema to SAHRC for 'inciting' violence . 2022-10-23 . The Citizen . en . 23 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221023103155/https://www.citizen.co.za/news/afriforum-reports-malema-sahrc-inciting-violence-21-october-2022/ . live .
  119. Web site: 2022-11-11 . Dispute between EFF and Human Rights Commission heading for equality court . 2022-11-11 . The Mail & Guardian . en-ZA . 20 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230320122421/https://mg.co.za/news/2022-11-11-dispute-between-eff-and-human-rights-commission-heading-for-equality-court/ . live .
  120. Web site: Khumalo . Juniour . SAHRC declares Malema's 'killing is a revolutionary act' statements hate speech . 2022-11-11 . News24 . en-US . 11 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221111122034/https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/sahrc-declares-malemas-killing-is-a-revolutionary-act-statements-hate-speech-20221109 . live .
  121. Web site: Supporting Affidavit: Navaranjeni Munusamy. Munusamy. Ranjeni. 19 December 2018. South African National Editors Forum. 1 January 2019. 1 January 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190101194411/http://www.sanef.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Part-2.pdf. dead.
  122. Web site: EFF denies involvement in attacks on journalists. Shange. Naledi. 19 December 2018. www.timeslive.co.za. 1 January 2019. 1 January 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190101063352/https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2018-12-19-eff-denies-involvement-in-attacks-on-journalists/. live.
  123. Web site: Karima Brown vows to lay further complaints as EFF supporters continue to attack IOL News. www.iol.co.za. 7 March 2019. 6 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190306215040/https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/karima-brown-vows-to-lay-further-complaints-as-eff-supporters-continue-to-attack-19679315. live.
  124. Web site: 'How do you hold an underground editor accountable ' – Malema on Karima Brown matter. 6 March 2019. News24. 7 March 2019. 6 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190306182736/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/how-do-you-hold-an-underground-editor-accountable-malema-on-karima-brown-matter-20190306. live.
  125. Web site: REPORT: EFF court losses mount as Karima Brown wins battle, but faces criticism of her own. Davis. Rebecca. Daily Maverick. 6 June 2019. 19 June 2019. 16 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190616004706/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-06-06-eff-court-losses-mount-as-karima-brown-wins-battle-but-faces-criticism-of-her-own/. live.
  126. Web site: Editorial: This is What Panic Looks Like. Maverick. Daily. Daily Maverick. 12 September 2019. 17 October 2019. 17 October 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191017145739/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-09-13-this-is-what-panic-looks-like/. live.
  127. Web site: Sanef 'appalled' by Malema's call to ban amaBhungane, Daily Maverick's Scorpio from EFF events. 13 September 2019. News24. 17 October 2019. 17 October 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191017145755/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/sanef-appalled-by-malemas-call-to-ban-amabhungane-daily-mavericks-scorpio-from-eff-events-20190913. live.
  128. Web site: Malema bans amaBhungane and Daily Maverick's Scorpio from EFF events: 'We shall treat them as enemies'. 12 September 2019. News24. 17 October 2019. 17 October 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191017145849/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/we-shall-treat-them-as-enemies-malema-bans-amabhungane-and-daily-mavericks-scorpio-from-eff-events-20190912. live.
  129. Web site: Evans . Jenni . 2018-03-21 . 'I'm sorry my brother,' says Shivambu to journo following scuffle . 2023-12-03 . The Mail & Guardian . en-ZA.
  130. Web site: Evans . Jenni . Photographer denies using Shivambu assault charge to make money . 2023-12-03 . News24 . en-US.
  131. Web site: EFF retracts 'Stratcom agent' allegations against Gqubule and Harber, apologises after court order. 25 January 2020. News24. en. 25 January 2020. 25 January 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200125100258/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/eff-retracts-stratcom-agent-allegations-against-gqubule-and-harber-apologises-after-court-order-20200125. live.
  132. Web site: NEWSFLASH: EFF, Ndlozi have twenty-four hours to pay damages to journalists. Snijman. Lia. Daily Maverick. 24 January 2020. en. 25 January 2020. 24 January 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200124182342/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-01-24-eff-ndlozi-have-twenty-four-hours-to-pay-damages-to-journalists/. live.
  133. Web site: Court vindicates Trevor Manuel in defamation battle with EFF. Quintal. Genevieve. 30 May 2019. BusinessLIVE. en-ZA. 1 June 2019. 1 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190601085418/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2019-05-30-court-finds-effs-comments-about-trevor-manuel-defamatory-and-false/. live.
  134. Web site: Challenge me, don't defame – Manuel to EFF in Kieswetter nepotism matter. Modise. Kgomotso. ewn.co.za. en. 1 June 2019. 1 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190601085417/https://ewn.co.za/2019/05/14/challenge-me-don-t-defame-manuel-to-eff-in-kieswetter-matter. live.
  135. Web site: Trevor Manuel: I don't need a cent of EFF money. Khumalo. Sibongile. 31 May 2019. Fin24. 1 June 2019. 31 May 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190531194712/https://www.fin24.com/Economy/trevor-manuel-i-dont-need-a-cent-of-eff-money-20190531-2. live.
  136. Web site: EFF wallows in legal debt of almost R1m. Watson. Amanda. citizen.co.za. 19 June 2019. 19 June 2019. 19 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190619100200/https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/courts/2144536/eff-wallows-in-legal-debt-of-almost-r1m/. live.
  137. Web site: Patrick . Alex . 'Chilling message' if left unchallenged: Judiciary watchdog condemns Malema's attack on magistrate . 2023-10-25 . News24 . en-US.
  138. Web site: Maphanga . Canny . 2023-10-23 . Malema condemned for attack on judiciary officer . 2023-10-25 . SABC News . en-US.
  139. Web site: Wicks . Bernadette . EFF leader Julius Malema reluctant to apologise to Judges Matter . 2023-10-25 . ewn.co.za . en.
  140. Web site: Suttner . Raymond . 2022-04-11 . The EFF, the judiciary and the necessity to still be freedom fighters . 2023-10-25 . Daily Maverick . en.
  141. Web site: Sithole . Siyabonga . 24 October 2023 . Malema slammed for populist attack on the judiciary . 25 October 2023 . IOL.
  142. Web site: Grootes . Stephen . 2022-02-06 . Malema and Mpofu lead EFF's assault on SA judiciary Malema and Mpofu lead EFF's assault on SA judiciary . 2023-10-25 . Daily Maverick . en.
  143. Satgar . Vishwas . 5 November 2019 . Black Neofascism? The Economic Freedom Fighters in South Africa . live . Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue Canadienne de Sociologie . en . 56 . 4 . 580–605 . 10.1111/cars.12265 . 1755-6171 . 31692263 . 207894048 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221023100055/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cars.12265 . 23 October 2022 . 23 October 2022.
  144. News: 8 November 2016 . Malema slammed for comments on whites . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170417053045/http://www.enca.com/south-africa/malema-%E2%80%98slaughter-statement%E2%80%99-rocks-sa . 17 April 2017 . 30 May 2017 . ENCA . dmy-all.
  145. News: Cropley . Ed . 31 October 2012 . South Africa's ANC, whites agree to silence "Shoot the Boer" . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200730211429/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-safrica-song/south-africas-anc-whites-agree-to-silence-shoot-the-boer-idUSBRE89U12020121031 . 30 July 2020 . 20 April 2020 . Reuters . en.
  146. Web site: Broughton . Tania . 2022-08-25 . GROUNDUP: EFF singing of 'Kill the Boer, Kill the Farmer' not hate speech, court rules . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221023101314/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-08-25-eff-singing-of-kill-the-boer-kill-the-farmer-not-hate-speech-court-rules/ . 23 October 2022 . 2022-10-23 . Daily Maverick . en.
  147. Web site: 2022-08-25 . Malema, Economic Freedom Fighters singing 'Kill the Boer' ruled not hate speech . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221023101314/https://mg.co.za/top-six/2022-08-25-malema-economic-freedom-front-singing-kill-the-boer-ruled-not-hate-speech/ . 23 October 2022 . 2022-10-23 . The Mail & Guardian . en-ZA.
  148. News: 29 August 2016 . IEC disqualifies EFF councillor for racist tweet . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170414082702/http://www.enca.com/south-africa/iec-disqualifies-eff-councillor-for-racist-tweet . 14 April 2017 . 14 April 2017 . eNCA.
  149. Web site: 29 July 2016 . EFF councillor candidate disqualified after calling for whites to be 'hacked and killed' reports . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20191020171051/https://www.news24.com/elections/news/eff-councillor-candidate-disqualified-after-calling-for-whites-to-be-hacked-and-killed-reports-20160729 . 20 October 2019 . 20 October 2019 . News24 . en.
  150. Web site: 'He's on his own' Juju says of Mabotja . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20191020171107/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/hes-on-his-own-juju-says-of-mabotja . 20 October 2019 . 20 October 2019 . eNCA . en.
  151. Web site: Electoral Court right to give Thabo Mabotja the chop . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20191020171053/https://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/electoral-court-right-to-give-thabo-mabotja-the-ch . 20 October 2019 . 20 October 2019 . www.politicsweb.co.za.
  152. News: 'We are cutting the throat of whiteness' – Malema on plans to remove Trollip . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180618230622/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/we-are-cutting-the-throat-of-whiteness-malema-on-plans-to-remove-trollip-20180304 . 18 June 2018 . 18 June 2018 . News24.
  153. News: South Africans don't share Malema's racist views – Maimane IOL News . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180311174531/https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/south-africans-dont-share-malemas-racist-views-maimane-13714966 . 11 March 2018 . 11 March 2018.
  154. Web site: Thambo . Sinawo . 27 March 2019 . OPINIONISTA: Empty analysis will not deter the EFF from its core task — reaching out to the electorate . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190422101038/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2019-03-28-empty-analysis-will-not-deter-the-eff-from-its-core-task-reaching-out-to-the-electorate/ . 22 April 2019 . 22 April 2019 . Daily Maverick . en.
  155. Web site: Yep, it's hate speech, says SAHRC on Julius Malema's 'dead white man' tweet . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20191017145739/https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-09-17-yep-its-hate-speech-says-sahrc-on-julius-malemas-dead-white-man-tweet/ . 17 October 2019 . 17 October 2019 . TimesLIVE . en-ZA.
  156. Web site: Grootes . Stephen . 15 September 2019 . ANALYSIS: Malema's Mugabe closing gambit . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20191017144309/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-09-15-malemas-mugabe-closing-gambit/ . 17 October 2019 . 17 October 2019 . Daily Maverick . en.
  157. Web site: 19 September 2019 . SAHRC to take Malema to court for hate speech . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20191017144320/https://www.sahrc.org.za/index.php/sahrc-media/news-2/item/2137-sahrc-to-take-malema-to-court-for-hate-speech . 17 October 2019 . 17 October 2019 . South African Human Rights Commission.
  158. Web site: Mngoma . Nosipho . 18 June 2018 . Group to take #JuliusMalema to court for racist rant IOL News . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190102002107/https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/group-to-take-juliusmalema-to-court-for-racist-rant-15526571 . 2 January 2019 . 1 January 2019 . www.iol.co.za . The Mercury . en.
  159. News: 'No one is going to intimidate us' – EFF hits back at clergy and Ahmed Kathrada Foundation . en . News24 . live . 23 November 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181123000149/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/no-one-is-going-to-intimidate-us-eff-hits-back-at-clergy-and-ahmed-kathrada-foundation-20181122 . 23 November 2018.
  160. News: 'EFF bullies' trying to 'hide their own shenanigans' – ANC chief whip Mthembu . en . News24 . live . 23 November 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181123081437/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/eff-bullies-trying-to-hide-their-own-shenanigans-anc-chief-whip-mthembu-20181123 . 23 November 2018.
  161. News: 'Indian cabal' narrative is to protect the looting project . en . CityPress . live . 23 November 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181122132149/https://city-press.news24.com/Voices/indian-cabal-narrative-is-to-protect-the-looting-project-20181119 . 22 November 2018.
  162. Web site: Malema to Gordhan: I am not scared of the Indian cabal . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190101194044/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/malema-to-gordhan-i-am-not-scared-of-the-indian-cabal . 1 January 2019 . 1 January 2019 . eNCA . en.
  163. Web site: Smit . Sarah . 23 November 2018 . Gordhan decries EFF attack on daughter . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190101193918/https://mg.co.za/article/2018-11-23-00-gordhan-decries-eff-attack-on-daughter/ . 1 January 2019 . 1 January 2019 . The M&G Online . en.
  164. Web site: Jean le Roux, Kyle Cowan, Pieter du Toit and Adriaan Basson . 28 November 2018 . FACT CHECKED: EFF's charges against Pravin Gordhan . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190101195445/https://www.news24.com/Analysis/fact-checked-julius-malemas-charges-against-pravin-gordhan-20181128 . 1 January 2019 . 1 January 2019 . News24 . en.
  165. Web site: Poplak . Richard . 28 November 2018 . SnowBank – BLEFF, Pravin Gordhan and the imaginary R6... . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190101194152/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-11-29-snowbank-bleff-pravin-gordhan-and-the-imaginary-r675m-canadian-account/ . 1 January 2019 . 1 January 2019 . Daily Maverick . en.
  166. Web site: Ndaba . Baldwin . 26 November 2018 . Pravin Gordhan lays defamation charges against Malema IOL News . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190102002109/https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/pravin-gordhan-lays-defamation-charges-against-malema-18267798 . 2 January 2019 . 1 January 2019 . www.iol.co.za . en.
  167. Web site: Sutherland . Roland . 31 October 2019 . Pravin Gordhan vs Julius Malema . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20191104155109/https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/pravin-gordhan-vs-julius-malema-the-high-court-jud . 4 November 2019 . 4 November 2019 . www.politicsweb.co.za.
  168. Web site: Judge slates Malema's 'juvenile' rant as EFF leader wins case against Gordhan . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20191103153033/https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-10-31-judge-slates-malemas-juvenile-rant-as-eff-leader-wins-case-against-gordhan/ . 3 November 2019 . 4 November 2019 . TimesLIVE . en-ZA.
  169. Web site: Snijman . Lia . 23 January 2020 . POPULIST DOG WHISTLES: Pravin Jamnadas Gordhan, a case study: When your name is weaponised on Twitter . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200125093356/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-01-23-pravin-jamnadas-gordhan-a-case-study-when-your-name-is-weaponised-by-haters-on-twitter/ . 25 January 2020 . 25 January 2020 . Daily Maverick . en.
  170. Web site: Makinana . Andisiwe . 17 July 2019 . 'Of course, you are racist. You are,' Jackson Mthembu tells EFF MPs . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190930160437/https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2019-07-17-of-course-you-are-racist-you-are-jackson-mthembu-tells-eff-mps/ . 30 September 2019 . 30 September 2019 . TimesLIVE . en-ZA.
  171. Web site: van Diemen . Ethan . 18 July 2019 . Cigarettes, corruption and racism: Why the EFF hates Gordhan, according to Jackson Mthembu . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190904163647/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/cigarettes-corruption-and-racism-why-the-eff-hates-gordhan-according-to-jackson-mthembu-20190718 . 4 September 2019 . 30 September 2019 . News24 . en.
  172. Web site: Shanti Aboobaker . 29 December 2013 . Numsa wary of 'capitalist' Malema . https://web.archive.org/web/20140103182553/http://www.iol.co.za/news/special-features/numsa-wary-of-capitalist-malema-1.1627179 . 3 January 2014 . Sunday Independent.
  173. Web site: Former EFF leader accuses Malema, Shivambu of taking VBS donation, party denies claims. Lizeka Tandwa and Tshidi Madia. 5 April 2019. News24. en. 9 April 2019. 8 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190408171532/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/disgruntled-eff-member-slams-malema-shivambu-for-taking-vbs-donation-party-denies-claims-20190405. live.
  174. Web site: Malema to sue Rawula, offers journalists access to EFF's financial records. Tandwa. Lizeka. 10 April 2019. News24. en. 11 April 2019. 11 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190411021118/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/malema-to-sue-rawula-offers-journalists-access-to-effs-financial-records-20190410. live.
  175. Web site: Haffajee . Ferial . 2020-09-13 . ANALYSIS: From schoolyard bullies to emerging fascists: The EFF's unstoppable politics of violence . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201110051941/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-09-13-from-schoolyard-bullies-to-emerging-fascists-the-effs-unstoppable-politics-of-violence/ . 10 November 2020 . 2022-02-09 . Daily Maverick . en.
  176. Web site: 28 March 2018 . Fascism and the EFF: Or how to gaslight the media - The Mail & Guardian . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201128050959/https://mg.co.za/article/2018-03-28-fascism-and-the-eff-or-how-to-gaslight-the-media/ . 28 November 2020 . 20 November 2020.
  177. Web site: 3 July 2018 . Political analyst: EFF is a fascist organisation . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201110074601/https://www.power987.co.za/featured/political-analyst-eff-is-a-fascist-organisation/ . 10 November 2020 . 2021-11-19 . POWER 98.7.
  178. Web site: EFF's fascist agenda rapidly clarifies itself through Malema's racial outbursts . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201119110136/https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/opinion/columnists/2018-07-02-effs-fascist-agenda--rapidly-clarifies-itself-through-malemas-racial-outbursts/ . 19 November 2020 . 20 November 2020.
  179. Web site: 17 December 2019 . No country for appeasers as fascism rises in South Afri... . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201113061935/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-12-18-no-country-for-appeasers-as-fascism-rises-in-south-africa/ . 13 November 2020 . 20 November 2020.
  180. Web site: Gareth van Onselen . 2018-03-26 . Why The EFF Is A Fascist Political Party by Gareth van Onselen, 26 March 2018 | South African History Online . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201128050630/https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/why-eff-fascist-political-party-gareth-van-onselen-26-march-2018 . 28 November 2020 . 2021-11-19 . Sahistory.org.za.
  181. Web site: Lagardien . Ismail . 2023-03-13 . The EFF, violence and the national shutdown – echoes of Mussolini's March on Rome . 2023-10-12 . Daily Maverick . en.
  182. Web site: 4 April 2017 . The EFF's wrecking ball politics is fascist rather than left - The Mail & Guardian . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201114074002/https://mg.co.za/article/2017-04-04-the-effs-wrecking-ball-politics-is-fascist-rather-than-left/ . 14 November 2020 . 20 November 2020.
  183. Web site: Democracy, fascism and the future of the EFF . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220120171428/https://www.news.uct.ac.za/article/-2021-01-29-democracy-fascism-and-the-future-of-the-eff . 20 January 2022 . 2022-02-09 . www.news.uct.ac.za . en.
  184. Satgar . Vishwas . 2019 . Black Neofascism? The Economic Freedom Fighters in South Africa . Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue Canadienne de Sociologie . 56 . 4 . 580–605 . 10.1111/cars.12265 . 31692263 . 207894048 . ResearchGate.
  185. Web site: Nxumalo . Mphathi . 11 November 2020 . Jewish Board of Deputies, EFF slam DA Nazi tweet . 12 October 2023 . iol.
  186. Web site: Zeeman . Kyle . 16 November 2020 . Helen Zille defends EFF 'Nazis' claim, compares Malema to Hitler . 2023-10-12 . TimesLIVE . en-ZA.
  187. News: Smith . David . Johannesburg . 2013-08-07 . South African politician Julius Malema likened to Hitler and Mussolini . en-GB . The Guardian . 2023-12-03 . 0261-3077.
  188. Web site: Lagardien . Ismail . 2019-12-17 . With echoes of Adolf Hitler, Julius Malema makes his move to establish an African reich . 2023-12-03 . Daily Maverick . en.
  189. Web site: Feinberg . Tali . 2020-12-07 . Video comparing Malema to Hitler sparks conflict . 2023-12-03 . Jewish Report . en-ZA.
  190. Web site: Lagardien . Ismail . 2022-02-07 . OPINIONISTA: Julius Malema: The one man who can bring down the republic . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220209064936/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2022-02-08-julius-malema-the-one-man-who-can-bring-down-the-republic/ . 9 February 2022 . 2022-02-09 . Daily Maverick . en.
  191. Web site: 2013-08-07 . South African politician Julius Malema likened to Hitler and Mussolini . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220209064932/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/07/south-africa-julius-malema-politician-mamphela-ramphele . 9 February 2022 . 2022-02-09 . the Guardian . en.
  192. Web site: Malala . Justice . 26 March 2018 . JUSTICE MALALA: Malema's fascism is showing as Ramaphosa cleans house . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220209064936/https://www.businesslive.co.za/rdm/politics/2018-03-26-justice-malala-malemas-facism-is-showing-as-ramaphosa-cleans-house/ . 9 February 2022 . 2022-02-09 . BusinessLIVE . en-ZA.
  193. Web site: Masuabi . Queenin . 2023-10-24 . ANC NEC supports cutting ties with 'dictatorial' EFF and pro-Israel PA . 2023-10-25 . Daily Maverick . en.
  194. Web site: Gareth van Onselen . HuffPost . 2023-10-01.
  195. Web site: Gareth van Onselen . 2018-03-26 . Why The EFF Is A Fascist Political Party by Gareth van Onselen, 26 March 2018 | South African History Online . 2021-11-19 . Sahistory.org.za . 28 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201128050630/https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/why-eff-fascist-political-party-gareth-van-onselen-26-march-2018 . live .
  196. Web site: EXCLUSIVE: Why Anonymous 'hacked' the SABC, Gupta websites . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160617140057/http://www.fin24.com/Tech/Companies/exclusive-why-anonymous-hacked-the-sabc-guptas-20160617 . 17 June 2016 . 19 June 2016 . Fin24.
  197. Web site: Ebrahim . Shaazia . 2017-05-09 . Nine times we questioned the EFF's feminist politics . 2023-10-12 . The Daily Vox . en-US.
  198. Web site: Siphokazi Magadla . 2013 . EFF & the Return of the Warrior Citizen . https://web.archive.org/web/20140410024005/http://www.thoughtleader.co.za/siphokazimagadla/2013/11/06/eff-and-the-return-of-the-warrior-citizen . 10 April 2014 . Thought Leader.
  199. Web site: Bendile . Dineo . 2018-09-07 . Patriarchy is no effing joke . 2023-10-12 . The Mail & Guardian . en-ZA.
  200. Web site: 2014 National and Provincial Elections Results – 2014 National and Provincial Election Results. IEC. 11 May 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140510231542/http://www.elections.org.za/resultsNPE2014/. 10 May 2014.
  201. Web site: Results Dashboard. www.elections.org.za. 11 May 2019. 11 May 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190511040502/https://www.elections.org.za/NPEDashboard/app/dashboard.html. live.
  202. Web site: Results Summary – All Ballots. elections.org.za. 11 August 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160808191111/http://www.elections.org.za/content/LGEPublicReports/402/Detailed%20Results/National.pdf. 8 August 2016.
  203. Web site: 2021 Results Summary – All Ballots . elections.org.za . 6 November 2021 . 18 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211118144306/https://results.elections.org.za/home/LGEPublicReports/1091/Detailed%20Results/National.pdf . live .

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Economic Freedom Fighters".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.