Stanley, County Durham Explained

Country:	England
Official Name:	Stanley
Coordinates:	54.867°N -1.692°W
Population:	31300
Population Ref:	(2019)^[1]
Civil Parish:	Stanley
Unitary England:	County Durham
Lieutenancy England:	County Durham
Region:	North East England
Constituency Westminster:	North Durham
Post Town:	STANLEY
Postcode District:	DH9
Postcode Area:	DH
Dial Code:	01207
Os Grid Reference:	NZ197525
Static Image Name:	St.Andrew's Church, Stanley,Co.Durham - geograph.org.uk - 76395.jpg
Static Image Caption:	St. Andrew's Church, Stanley
Website:	http://www.stanley-tc.gov.uk
Type:	Town and civil parish

Stanley is a town and civil parish in the ceremonial county and district of County Durham, England. Centred on a hilltop between Chester-le-Street and Consett, Stanley lies south-west of Gateshead.

The local economy was once based on coal mining and other heavy industries.^[2] The core of the town began to grow in the nineteenth century through the expansion and merger of the mining villages of East Stanley and West Stanley.^[3] The civil parish, created in 2007,^[4] incorporates the town of Stanley and the villages of Annfield Plain, Bloemfontein, Catchgate, Clough Dene, Craghead, Greencroft, Harelaw, Kip Hill, New Kyo, No Place, Oxhill, Quaking Houses, Shield Row, South Moor, Tanfield, Tanfield Lea, Tantobie, The Middles, West Kyo and White-le-Head.^[5]

History

Some archaeological evidence, or possible evidence, of Iron Age and Roman activity has been found in the Stanley area.^[6]

Stanley was first mentioned in historical records in 1211. Stanley is referred to in an early thirteenth century episcopal Latin: actuma documented decision of Richard Poore, Bishop of Durham from 1228 to 1237. The Latin: actum, dated between 1228 and 1234, confirms the granting of the vill of Stanley and some land in Durham to William de Kilkenny.^[7] The town's name is derived from the Old English stān and lēah, meaning "stony woodland clearing".^[8]

The first printed map of the Bishopric of Durham was created in 1576. Published in 1579 as part of the cartographer Christopher Saxton's county atlas, it appears to show Stanley as "Standley".^[9] In 1611, John Speed, a famous English mapmaker who built on Saxton's work, created a map of the bishopric that also appears to show Stanley as "Standley".^[10]

The 1909 West Stanley Pit Disaster, one of the worst in the history of British coal mining, occurred at West Stanley Colliery on 16 February of that year.^[11] 168 men and boys were killed.^[12] An explosion at the same colliery in 1882 had killed 13 men.^[13] On 22 August 1947, an explosion at the Louisa Morrison Colliery killed 22 men.^{[14] [15]}

Stanley was served by the Stanhope and Tyne Railway, which had two stations in the town: West Stanley, and Annfield Plain. Both closed in 1955.^[16]

Over recent decades, Stanley has suffered hard times economically, with the closure of the coal pits followed by the loss of major employers at Ever Ready in nearby Tanfield, as well as the closure of both the British Steel plant and Shotley Bridge General Hospital in the neighbouring town of Consett. Local businesses in Stanley town centre were also significantly affected by the development of the giant MetroCentre shopping complex in nearby Gateshead, with local trade decreasing as a result.

In 1999, the Harry Ramsden's fish-and-chips restaurant chain threatened to sue the eponymous owner of the "Harry Ramadan" fish-and-chip shop on Front Street for trademark infringement.^[17] The name was changed. In 2003, plans to convert a derelict hotel on the High Street into a club for swingers received numerous objections,^[18] and after the intervention of the then-district council,^[19] were dropped.^[20]

In 2005, the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister granted permission to plans to form a Stanley Town Council. This followed a campaign by local people, including a petition signed by more than 2,000 names, representing 10% of the population that would be covered by the new Town Council. Campaigners promised that the new Town Council would increase the pace of regeneration within the town.

The Stanley Blues Festival took place during the first weekend in August between 1993 and 2007, with appearances by local, national, and international blues artists and renowned musical acts.^[21] In 2005, The Animals played a well-received set. In early 2008, however, organisers announced that the Festival was to be discontinued due to insufficient funding.

In June 2008, an arson attack left a historic building on Front Street in ruins, along with a billiards club and several shops.^[22] In November 2008, the burnt buildings were demolished.

Stanley was renowned for an annual, two-week summer playscheme, which ran from 1972 to 2013. Based at the former Stanley Youth Centre, it was organised by a group of local people, and recruited international volunteers through VAP (Volunteer Action for Peaceformerly Youth Action for Peace).^[23] Children participated in games, activities, and trips to local cultural and leisure venues.

Stanley Youth Centre offered activities to young people Monday to Friday during school term as well as a summer programme. Located at the top of Tyne Road, facilities included a sports hall, pool table, table tennis, meeting rooms and coffee bar. The range of activities available included DJing, volunteering, the Duke of Edinburgh's Award, babysitting, first aid training, and youth work courses. The Centre closed in 2016 after many decades of work with young people.

In mid-2023, Stanley Town Council handed back Stanley Civic Hall, the town’s long-standing arts venue and community hub, to Durham County Council.^{[24] [25]} Amidst political controversy,^{[26] [27]} it closed shortly afterwards, and was put up for sale in early 2024.^[28] The Civic Hall was formerly known as the Lamplight Arts Centre, which opened in 1961. The Council had taken over its running in mid-2013.^[29] The Civic Hall hosted concerts, recitals, plays and shows in the Alun Armstrong Theatre, had an independent cinema, put on exhibitions, held classes and seminars, and was a weddings and corporate events venue.^[30]

In late 2023, the owners of the Beamish Football Centre training ground^[31] announced that government funding had been secured for a major refurbishment and upgrade, with work starting in 2024.^[32]

Local government

Stanley, whose boundaries have changed over the years,^[33] has successively been part of the Lanchester Poor Law Union (from 1837 onwards);^[34] Stanley Local Board (1892);^[35] Stanley Urban District (1894); Derwentside District (1974);^[36] and County Durham (2009).

Stanley is in the UK parliamentary constituency of North Durham. Since July 2024, this has been represented in the House of Commons by Luke Akehurst of the Labour Party.

Town Council

Since 2007, Stanley Town Council has provided the first tier of local government. The council has the statutory right to do whatever it considers will improve the economic, social or environmental well-being of the area.^[37] It has a duty to provide allotments and to consider the potential impact of every policy and action on reducing crime. The council's powers include the provision and maintenance of bus shelters, community centres, play areas and play equipment, and the awarding of grants to local community organisations. It can also issue fixed penalty fines for offences such as littering, graffiti, fly-posting, and contraventions of dog control orders.^[38]

The town council has 20 councillors, elected every four years by electors in the seven parish wards. The last election was in 2021 for the 20212025 term. Each year the councillors elect, from amongst themselves, a town mayor and deputy, and a council leader and deputy.^[39]

County Council

Durham County Council provides the second tier of local government. Eight Stanley town councillors serve on the county council.^[40] Its responsibilities include education, housing, social services, highways, planning, and refuse collection.

In May 2024, the county council became part of a new upper tier of local government, the North East Combined Authority, led by Mayor Kim McGuinness of the Labour Party.

Durham County Councillors representing Stanley^[41] !Councillor!Division!Political Party

Christine Bell	Annfield Plain	Derwentside Independents
Joan Nicholson	Annfield Plain	Derwentside Independents
Carole Hampson	Craghead and South Moor	Labour
Sam McMahon	Craghead and South Moor	Labour
Angela Hanson	Stanley	Labour
Carl Marshall	Stanley	Labour
Gordon Binney	Tanfield	Labour
Joyce Charlton	Tanfield	Derwentside Independents

Area Action Partnership (AAP)

The Stanley AAP, one of 14 in County Durham, is a non-political organisation and funding body engaged with tackling local issues. It involves members of the public and representatives of Durham County Council and Stanley Town Council, the police, the fire brigade, health, housing, and education providers, business, and voluntary organisations.^[42] Stanley AAP publishes a directory of local activities and advice and support services.^[43]

Economy

The three largest employment sectors for residents in the local area are retail, manufacturing, and health and social work,^[44] while the three largest industry groups for local businesses are construction; professional, scientific, and technical services; and retail.

In recent decades, with the decline of traditional industries and the arrival of large supermarkets and chain stores, 'Old Stanley' has declined, with many locally owned shops and pubs closing.

The town's main shopping area, Front Street, is pedestrianised, housing independent shops alongside large chains such as Boots. A market is held on Front Street on Thursdays and Saturdays, although this has become smaller in recent years. There are also supermarkets such as Asda, Aldi and Iceland located within the town. Tesco planned to construct a new supermarket on the Clifford Road Retail Complex site, which had previously housed Kwik Save, Presto, a furniture shop, and an indoor market.^[45] Tesco sold the land to TJ Morris, and the former Kwik Save site was then redeveloped into a large Home Bargains store, opening in July 2018. The store created 60 new jobs.^[46]

Stanley has also added a Domino's, a larger Greggs outlet (both opening December 2022) and a drive-thru Starbucks (opened in March 2023) in a newly developed site off of Agnes Street.^[47] The Front Street area, however, continues to be defined by its derelict buildings, including the old school building in the centre of Front Street, which has remained unoccupied for decades.

Over the past 20 years, the refurbishment of Stanley town centre has seen the opening of a new bus interchange and an extension to the Louisa Centre leisure facility, including a new swimming pool. A new health centre, Stanley Primary Care Centre, was opened in February 2010 along with a Sure Start children's centre.^{[48] [49]}

Transport links

Stanley is from Junction 63 of the A1(M) motorway. Stanley Bus Station^[50] is an interchange for bus services which is served by several operators.^[51] The nearest railway stations to the town are Chester-le-Street, Durham and Dunston. The town is also close to Newcastle International Airport.

Education

As well as a number of primary schools,^[52] Stanley has two secondary schools. These are:

• North Durham Academy (in South Stanley – connected to South Stanley Infants and Juniors)
• Tanfield School, (in Tanfield next to Stanley)

The town is also served by St Bede's Catholic School and Sixth Form College, based in the nearby village of Lanchester.

Leisure

The C2C Cycle Route skirts Stanley to the north.^[53] This 140-mile (230 km) route links Whitehaven (Cumberland) on England's north-west coast with Roker Beach (Sunderland) on the north-east coast. The Louisa Centre,^[54] a sports and leisure complex, contains a gym, a 25-metre swimming pool (with a 300-seat spectators' gallery), a small pool, a sports hall, a shooting range, a soft play area, a nursery, meeting rooms, a café, and Stanley Library.^[55]

The Stanley Indoor Bowls Centre, with a large arena and grandstand, offers play for people of all ages and abilities.^[56] Inaugurated in 1977, it has hosted several top-level international events.^[57] The Centre also provides meeting facilities for a range of community groups and clubs, and can be hired for private functions.

Youth clubs and activities for children

Under the umbrella of SAYC, the Stanley Area Youth Consortium,^[58] trips and activities for children and young people in the wider Stanley area are offered by an array of youth clubs and voluntary associations.

These include Stanley Young People’s Club, focused on the South Stanley and South Moor areas; Oxhill Youth Club, founded in 1962,^[59] which runs the Duke of Edinburgh's Award scheme locally; the Activity Den,^[60] based in Tanfield Lea, active for nearly 20 years;^[61] Beamish Community Football Club;^[62] PACT House, a community hub;^[63] and several community halls, schools, and churches.

Notable people

• John Curr (c. 1756 - 1823), born in West Kyo, managed the Duke of Norfolk's collieries in Sheffield from 1781 to 1801. Several of his technological innovations contributed to the development of the coal-mining industry.
• John Buddle (1773 - 1843), born in West Kyo, was a prominent mining engineer and entrepreneur who helped improve the safety of coal-mining. His innovations included the use of the Davy Lamp.
• Jonathan Rodham (1843 - 1917), who lived in Oxhill before emigrating to the USA, was Hillary Clinton's great-grandfather.^{[64] [65]}
• Thomas "Tommy" Armstrong (1848 - 1920), famed as a song-writer and music-hall performer, lived for most of his life in Tanfield Lea. He was known as "The Pitman Poet" and "The Bard of the Northern Coalfield".
• David Horsley (1873 - 1933), born in Stanley, was a founder of the Hollywood-based US film industry.
• Frank Keegan (? - 1916), from West Stanley, was one of the heroes of the 1909 West Stanley Pit disaster^[66] and Kevin Keegan's grandfather.
• Michael Heaviside (1880 - 1939), a miner who lived in Craghead, served in the Durham Light Infantry during the First World War, and in 1917 was awarded the Victoria Cross for his heroism during the Battle of Arras.
• Joseph Crawford (1910 - 1997), born in New Kyo, was a coal miner and trade unionist who became general secretary of NACODS, the National Association of Colliery Overmen, Deputies and Shotfirers (1960 - 1973), and was president of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in 1973.
• Tom Lamb (1928 - 2016) was a miner at Craghead Colliery and an artist who sketched and painted the underground life of miners as well as County Durham landscapes.
• Alun Armstrong (born 1946) is an actor from Annfield Plain.
• Micky Horswill (born 1953), from Annfield Plain, is a former professional footballer who played as a midfielder for Sunderland, Manchester City, Plymouth Argyle, Hull City, Happy Valley (Hong Kong) and Carlisle United.
• Kim Darroch (born 1954), from South Stanley, was Britain's ambassador to the United States from 2016 to 2019.
• Mak Wilson (born 1957), from Shield Row, was a puppeteer for Jim Henson's Creature Shop and the BBC, working on films including Labyrinth, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Babe, and Muppets Most Wanted.
• Yvonne Ridley (born 1958), from Stanley, a journalist, author, and politician, was held captive by the Taliban in Afghanistan for 11 days in 2001.
• Glenn McCrory (born 1964), from Annfield Plain, was the IBF cruiserweight champion from 1989 to 1990.
• Brian Tinnion (born 1968) is a former Newcastle United and Bristol City footballer from Burnopfield.
• Carly Telford (born 1987), from Tanfield, is a former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper for Notts County Ladies F.C., Chelsea, and the England women's national football team.
• Lewis Miley (born 2006), from Stanley, is a professional footballer who plays mainly for Newcastle United and the England under-20 national team.

Memorials and commemorations

Memorials

Pit disasters

There are two memorials to the 1909 West Stanley Pit Disaster: one unveiled in 1913, four years after the event,^[67] and another unveiled in 1995, 86 years after.^[68] In addition, a memorial headstone to mark the mass graves of those who died was dedicated in 2005.^{[69] [70]} A memorial to the 1947 Louisa Morrison Pit Disaster was unveiled in 1997 on the fiftieth anniversary of the event,^[71] and re-dedicated in 2018 after it was moved to another site.^[72]

Wars

South Moor Memorial Park^[73] was opened in 1920 and dedicated to the memory of employees of the South Moor Colliery Company who died in WWI.^[74] It was rededicated in 1950 to also commemorate those who died in WWII.^[75]

The Masonic Hall in Stanley has a plaque commemorating members of the Coronation Lodge who served or were killed in WWI.^[76]

Commemorations

Armed Forces Day, an official UK event, is observed on the last Saturday in June.

Miners' Sunday, a celebration of Stanley's heritage,^[77] takes place in late August.^[78]

Further reading

Books

• Book: Bath , Jo . [{{GBurl|P_46AwAAQBAJ}} Voices of Stanley ]. 2014. The History Press. Cheltenham. 978-0-752-46037-6. A compilation of extracts from oral histories in Beamish Museum's audio archive.
• Book: Tiley , Ray . Tommy Armstrong: The Pitman Poet. 2010. Summerhill Books. Newcastle upon Tyne. 912959994. 978-1-906-72130-5. Written by a grandson of Tommy Armstrong, this illustrated biography contains 30 previously published works and a further 16 that appeared in local newspapers.
• Book: Hair , Jack . Coal in the Blood: Coal Mining in Stanley & District. 2009. Summerhill Books. Newcastle upon Tyne. 743449487. 978-1-906-72112-1. An illustrated history of local collieries, with a short selection of mining poems.
• Book: Lown , Joe . Memories of My Life in Tantobie in the Thirties. 2005. Durham County Local History Society. Durham. 978-0-902-95824-1. A memoir.
• Book: Stanley Remembered. Harrison. Alan. Hair. Jack. 1999. The People's History. Seaham. 978-1-902-52723-9. 44563887. A collection of photographs illustrating descriptions of local events and personalities and covering buildings, amenities, commerce, churches, collieries, and sport.
• Book: Armstrong , Tommy . Tommy Armstrong Sings. Tommy Armstrong (singer). 1971. Frank Graham. Newcastle upon Tyne. 978-0-902-83383-8. registration. Lyrics of 25 songs, introduced by Tom Gilfellon.

Documentaries

• Green, Simon (director); Reay, Levin (interviewer). 2016. This is Stanley. film. 19 August 2024. Stanley, County Durham. Stanley Fringe. YouTube . A one-hour documentary, filmed over a period of six months, featuring the inhabitants and landscapes of Stanley and the surrounding area.
• For Craghead: 19681969. 19 August 2024 . A Year In The Life . Watson, Paul (producer); Houldey, Michael (director). BBC Two England. 5 October 1969. YouTube. June 1968: as managers and miners work hard to raise the Craghead colliery's output, with their families hoping for the future, the rumour is of imminent closure: can their efforts avert this?

External links

• Stanley Town Council website

Notes and References

1. Web site: Parish population 2011. 6 July 2015.
2. A Vision for Stanley 20212035 : Durham County Council : Masterplan Report. Executive Summary. p. 5, para 3. 25 October 2021. Ryder Architecture Ltd. Durham County Council. 18 May 2024.
3. Web site: Stanley, Annfield Plain, Pontop and Tanfield. Simpson. David. England's North East. 2022. 18 May 2024.
4. Web site: The Derwentside (Parish) Order 2007 (11 April 2007). 28 June 2007. Durham County Council. 18 May 2024.
5. Stanley Town Council Area. zoomable map. Newcastle University. Co-Curate. 2024. 18 May 2024.
6. Historic England

   possible Iron Age/Roman ditched enclosure; coin of Marcus Aurelius (161 - 180AD); signal station. Durham Historic Environment Record: possible fortlet; possible road. Retrieved 10 June 2024.

7. Book: English Episcopal Acta 25: Durham 11961237. Snape. M. G.. Acta of Richard Poore. Latin: Actum 328 on pp. 297-298. Oxford University Press for the British Academy. London. 2002. 978-0-197-26235-1. 27 April 2024. Internet Archive.
8. Book: Mills, A. D. . 1996 . 1991 . A Dictionary of English Place-Names . Oxford . Oxford University Press . 307 . 9780198691563 . 11 January 2022 .
9. Saxton. Christopher. Christopher Saxton. Dunelmensis Episcopatus (Qui comitatus est palatinus) vera et accurata descriptio. Anº Dni. 1576 . A true and accurate description of the Bishopric of Durham (which is a palatine county). AD 1576. zoomable map. 1579. 1576. https://web.archive.org/web/20220630201610/https://alteagallery.com/view_product.php?prod_id=PROD100005851. 30 June 2022. live. Christopher Saxton. London. The Wayback Machine. Altea Gallery. Standley is marked next to a small range of hills north-west of "Duresme" (Durham).. 27 April 2024. Part of Saxton's Atlas of the Counties of England and Wales.
10. Speed. John. John Speed. The Bishopric and Citie of Durham . zoomable map. Late-stage proof. 1611. Jodocus Hondius, engraver. William Hall. London. University of Cambridge Digital Library (physical location classmark: Atlas.2.61.1). Standley is marked next to a small range of hills north-west of Durham. . 27 April 2024. This map is part of Speed's atlas The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine. "Standley" is listed in the index of placenames appended to the version published in the atlas.
11. News: Newcastle Daily Chronicle. West Stanley Pit Disaster. 7. 19 February 1909. 6 May 2024. subscription. Newspapers.com.
12. Web site: West Stanley Colliery ExplosionWest Stanley1909. Northern Mine Research Society. 6 May 2024.
13. News: Newcastle Courant. The Explosion at West Stanley Colliery. 8. 21 April 1882. subscription. 6 May 2024.
14. Web site: Louisa Colliery ExplosionStanley1947. Northern Mine Research Society. 20 May 2024.
15. News: Nottingham Evening Post. 1. Nineteen Dead in Pit Explosion. 23 August 1947. 20 May 2024. subscription. Newspapers.com.
16. Book: Butt , R. V. J. . Raymond Butt. 1995 . 1st . [{{GBurl|id=IwANAAAACAAJ}} The Directory of Railway Stations: details every public and private passenger station, halt, platform and stopping place, past and present ]. Sparkford. Patrick Stephens Ltd. 978-1-85260-508-7. p. 246 (West Stanley).
17. News: Scottish Daily Express. Battle of the Fish and Chip Shops as Ramsden's Take on the Small Fry: It's a Harry Ramadan a-ding dong. 3. Blacklock. Mark. 24 July 1999. 4 May 2024. Newspapers.com. subscription.
18. Web site: Protest over swingers' club. BBC News. 21 October 2003. 6 May 2024.
19. Web site: Minutes of a special meeting of the Development Control Committee of Derwentside District Council. Durham County Council. 30 October 2003. 6 May 2024.
20. News: The Northern Echo. Swingers' club plans are dropped. 31 October 2003. 6 May 2024.
21. Web site: Welcome to Stanley Blues Festival!. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20010807131009/http://www.stanleyblues.co.uk/. 2001-08-07.
22. News: Chronicle Live. Appeals fail to catch Stanley Co-op arsonists. Wood. Kerry. 22 October 2008. 5 April 2024.
23. Web site: VAP's work in the UK: Past projects: Stanley Youth Centre Summer Playscheme. VAP UK. 20 April 2024.
24. News: Northern Echo. Stanley Civic Hall set to close over rising costs and difficulties. Edgar . Bill. 5 August 2023. Newsquest Media. 20 April 2024.
25. Web site: Curtain set to fall on Stanley's Alun Armstrong Theatre. 28 July 2023. BBC. 20 April 2024.
26. News: Northern Echo. Stanley Civic Hall's shocking condition revealed by Durham council. Edgar . Bill. 30 January 2024. Newsquest Media. 20 April 2024.
27. Web site: Meeting of County Council : Questions from the Public : Response. Durham County Council. 24 January 2024. 20 April 2024.
28. News: Northern Echo. Stanley Civic Hall up for sale with huge repair bill. Edgar . Bill. 5 March 2024. Newsquest Media. 20 April 2024.
29. News: Northern Echo. The show will go on: Stanley's Lamplight Arts Centre is saved from closure. Summers. Mark. 30 July 2013. Newsquest Media. 20 April 2024.
30. Web site: Stanley Civic Hall. https://web.archive.org/web/20231210094810/https://civichallstanley.co.uk/. 10 December 2023. live. 20 April 2024. Stanley Town Council. Internet Archive.
31. Web site: Beamish Football Centre. The Football Foundation. Pitchfinder. 11 May 2024.
32. Web site: 'Star-making' Beamish Football Centre set to get £1.6million new home after helping Sunderland, Everton, Coventry and Newcastle players. Robertson. Ross. 29 November 2023. Sunderland Echo. National World. 11 May 2024.
33. Butler, David (1995), introduction to "Stanley 1895: Old Ordnance Survey Maps (Godfrey Edition), Co Durham Sheet 12.06a" (map), ; Godfrey, Alan (2013), introduction to "Stanley 1915: Old Ordnance Survey Maps (Godfrey Edition), Co Durham Sheet 12.06b" (map), . c. 1:4224. Consett, Co Durham: Alan Godfrey Maps.
34. Web site: Lanchester, Durham: After 1834. workhouses.org. Peter Higginbotham. 23 May 2024.
35. Web site: Kelly's Directory of Durham and Northumberland, 1914. Kelly's Directories. London. University of Leicester Special Collections. For local board (1892), see p. 400, col 1, lines 21-22; for urban district council (1894), see col 1, lines 2-5.. 23 May 2024.
36. Web site: Local government in England and Wales: A Guide to the New System. London. HMSO. 1974. 0-11-750847-0. 46, 130. 23 May 2024. Internet Archive.
37. Web site: Parish & Town Councils. Durham County Council. 23 May 2024.
38. Web site: Stanley Town Council: Constitution and Committee Terms of Reference. Appendix 1: Function, Powers & Duties, Statutory Provisions. 24 May 2021. Stanley Town Council. 23 May 2024.
39. Web site: Election Results. Stanley Town Council. 23 May 2024.
40. Web site: Your Councillors. Durham County Council. Look for 'Stanley' or names of Stanley parish wards.. 23 May 2024.
41. Web site: 2024-06-02 . Your Councillors . 2024-06-01 . democracy.durham.gov.uk . en.
42. Web site: About Stanley AAP. Durham County Council. 1 June 2024.
43. Web site: Stanley Activity and Support Information Directory: Spring 2024. Stanley Area Action Partnership. Durham County Council. 10 April 2024.
44. https://ocsi.uk OCSI
45. Web site: Tesco hopes new shop will make 400 jobs. 30 November 2010.
46. Web site: 60 jobs created as Home Bargains opens new store at former Kwik Save site in County Durham. 28 July 2018.
47. Web site: Starbucks, Greggs and Dominos set to arrive in Stanley by end of 2022.
48. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/wear/4222141.stm BBC News: Revamp plan 'new dawn' for town
49. https://www.kevanjonesmp.org.uk/kevan-to-officially-open-stanley-primary-care-centre/ BBC News: Revamp plan 'new dawn' for town
50. Web site: Stanley Bus Station: live times. GoNorthEast. Click on green teardrop symbol for bus stands. 27 April 2024.
51. Web site: How to get to Stanley in County Durham by Bus?. moovit. 27 April 2024.
52. Web site: Primary schools within of Stanley, UK. Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills (Ofsted). 20 April 2024.
53. Web site: C2C route map. 8 June 2017. cycle.travel. Éditions Système D Ltd.. Stanley is at top right of p.14. 4 April 2024.
54. Web site: The Louisa Centre. Thrive Leisure. Durham County Council. 4 April 2024.
55. Web site: Stanley Library. Durham County Council. 4 April 2024.
56. Web site: Stanley Indoor Bowls Centre. Stanley Indoor Bowls. 13 April 2024.
57. Web site: Stanley Indoor Bowls Centre. Harris. Brian. YouTube.
58. Web site: About us. Stanley Area Youth Consortium. youthconsortium.org. 6 May 2024.
59. Web site: Oxhill Youth Club. oxhillyc.com. 6 May 2024.
60. Web site: The Den. 20 April 2024.
61. News: Northern Echo. Stanley youth centre revamp thanks to £16,000 grant from Durham County Council. Moore. Hannah. 24 February 2016. Newsquest Media. 20 April 2024.
62. Web site: Beamish Community FC. Club Durham. 6 March 2024.
63. Web site: PACT House Stanley. County Durham Community Foundation. 6 May 2024.
64. News: Havery. Gavin . Hillary Clinton: From North-East mining stock to American presidential candidate . Northern Echo . 27 April 2015 . 27 March 2016.
65. News: US Election 2016: Hillary Clinton's English mining roots. Briggs . Caroline . BBC News. 4 November 2016. 7 June 2024.
66. News: Keegan the hero . Northern Echo . 16 February 2009 . 7 June 2024.
67. Web site: West Stanley Colliery Disaster Memorial: East Parade, Stanley, County Durham. Art UK. Public Catalogue Foundation. 5 May 2024.
68. Web site: West Stanley Colliery Disaster Memorial: High Street, Stanley, County Durham. Art UK. Public Catalogue Foundation. 5 May 2024.
69. Web site: Ceremony to remember dead miners. BBC Wear. BBC. 4 March 2005. 5 May 2024.
70. Web site: The Headstone Dedication at St Andrews Church Stanley. Sunniside Local History Society. 5 May 2024.
71. Web site: Annfield Plain Morrison Pit Memorial: Front Street, Annfield Plain, Stanley, County Durham. Art UK. Public Catalogue Foundation. 18 May 2024.
72. News: Northern Echo. Former mining community re-dedicates memorial to 22 men killed in pit disaster. 24 August 2018. 18 May 2024.
73. Web site: Memorial Park 1914-18 1939-45 Korea 1951. North East War Memorials Project. 1 June 2024.
74. News: Stanley War Memorial: Presentation of Public Park by South Moor Coal Co.. Northern Echo. 12 July 1920. (clipping).
75. Web site: Ceremony of Unveiling on the South Moor War Memorial: the Names of those who Died in the 19391945 War. Stanley Urban District Council. North East War Memorials Project. 17 September 1950. 1 June 2024. (handbill).
76. Web site: Plaque 1914-18 Masonic Hall. North East War Memorials Project. 9 June 2024.
77. News: Northern Echo. Stanley to hold Miners' Sunday to celebrate town's heritage. Conner-Hill. Rachel. 23 August 2019. Newsquest Media. 18 May 2024.
78. Web site: Miner’s Sunday Event Sunday 20th August 2023. Stanley Town Council. 18 May 2024.