East Lansing, Michigan Explained

East Lansing
Official Name:	City of East Lansing
Settlement Type:	City
Mapsize:	250
Pushpin Map:	Michigan#USA#North America
Pushpin Label:	East Lansing
Pushpin Map Caption:	Location within the state of Michigan##Location within the United States
Coordinates:	42.7481°N -84.4836°W
Subdivision Type:	Country
Subdivision Name:	United States
Subdivision Type1:	State
Subdivision Type2:	Counties
Subdivision Name1:	Michigan
Subdivision Name2:	Clinton and Ingham
Established Title:	Settled
Established Date:	1847
Established Title1:	Incorporated
Established Date1:	1907
Government Type:	Council–manager
Leader Title:	Mayor
Leader Name:	George Brookover
Leader Title1:	Manager
Leader Name1:	Robert Belleman
Unit Pref:	Imperial
Area Footnotes:	^[1]
Area Total Km2:	35.00
Area Total Sq Mi:	13.51
Area Land Km2:	34.79
Area Land Sq Mi:	13.43
Area Water Km2:	0.21
Area Water Sq Mi:	0.08
Elevation Ft:	856
Population Total:	47741
Population As Of:	2020
Population Density Km2:	1372.37
Population Density Sq Mi:	3554.54
Postal Code Type:	ZIP code(s)
Postal Code:	48808 (Bath) 48823–48826 48906, 48910, 48912 (Lansing)
Area Code:	517
Timezone:	EST
Utc Offset:	-5
Timezone Dst:	EDT
Utc Offset Dst:	-4
Blank Name:	FIPS code
Blank Info:	26-24120^[2]
Blank1 Name:	GNIS feature ID
Blank1 Info:	1626207

East Lansing is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. Most of the city lies within Ingham County with a smaller portion extending north into Clinton County. At the 2020 census the population was 47,741.^[3] Located directly east of the state capital of Lansing, East Lansing is well known as the home of Michigan State University. The city is part of the Lansing–East Lansing metropolitan area.

History

East Lansing is located on land that was an important junction of two major Native American groups: the Potawatomi and the Fox.^[4] By 1850, the Lansing and Howell Plank Road Company was established to connect a toll road to the Detroit and Howell Plank Road, improving travel between Detroit and Lansing, which cut right through what is now East Lansing. The toll road was finished in 1853, and included seven toll houses between Lansing and Howell.^[5]

Michigan State University was founded in 1855 and established in what is now East Lansing in 1857. For the first four decades, the students and faculty lived almost entirely on the college campus. A few commuted from Lansing, and that number increased when a streetcar line was built in the 1890s, but there were few places to live in the then-rural area surrounding the campus.

That started to change in 1887, when professors William J. Beal and Rolla C. Carpenter created Collegeville, along what is now Harrison Road and Center and Beal Streets, north of Michigan Avenue. Few faculty were attracted to the location, and the first residents were "teamsters and laborers".^[6] In 1898, the College Delta subdivision (including what is now Delta Street) had the support of the college itself, which provided utilities, and several professors built homes there (one of which survives today at 243 W. Grand River Ave.).^[7] Other subdivisions followed.

At that time, the post office address was "Agricultural College, Michigan". A school district encompassing the nascent community was created in 1900. In 1907, incorporation as a city was proposed under the name "College Park"; the legislature approved the charter but changed the name to "East Lansing". The first seven mayors, starting with Clinton D. Smith in 1907 and Warren Babcock in 1908, were professors or employees of the college.

The city charter in 1907 prohibited the possession, sale, or consumption of alcoholic beverages, and East Lansing was a "dry" city until voters modified the charter provision in 1968. In the 21st century, downtown East Lansing has enjoyed a construction boom. Multiple city center complexes have resulted in the redevelopment of large parts of the historic downtown area, at a greatly increased population density.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 13.67sqmi, of which 13.59sqmi is land and 0.08sqmi is water.^[8]

Since 1998, East Lansing has expanded its borders through the use of 425 Agreements. The city is currently in three 425 Agreements with Bath Township, DeWitt Township, and Meridian Township, and has effectively added thousands of acres of land to its border.

• East Lansing and DeWitt Township entered into two 425s in 1998 and 2001, which involved nearly 1200acres of land. The agreement stipulates that East Lansing gains full control of the land after 33 years.
• East Lansing and Bath Township entered into a 425 Agreement in June 2002 involving 1056acres of land. The agreement stipulates that East Lansing gains full control of the land after 100 years.
• East Lansing and Meridian Township entered into a 425 in November 2002 involving 101acres of land. The agreement stipulates that the Meridian Township residents get to decide the fate of the land after 100 years.

The city has also made use of annexation of surrounding township lands in recent years. It annexed the 66.5acres of the Four Winds Golf Course in Meridian Township in 2001, and another 6acres of the township in 2006. The city also annexed from DeWitt Township the land that is currently the East Lansing Soccer Complex.

Description

The city's downtown area is centered around Grand River Avenue, a wide, tree-lined boulevard that evolved out of the 19th-century plank road that connected Lansing to Detroit. Grand River Avenue and Michigan Avenue serve as a dividing line between the Michigan State University campus and the rest of the city. Immediately north of downtown are college town neighborhoods, where students and year-round residents can live close to the city's downtown and MSU's campus.

Neighborhoods

East Lansing has more than 25 neighborhoods, many of which have neighborhood associations that sponsor social events, attend to neighborhood issues, and often advocate for neighborhood interests in meetings of the City Council and city commissions.^[9]

A section of the city has been designated a Historic District, and a Historic District Commission has been established by the City Council.^[10] In addition, many landmark structures in the older neighborhoods have been identified within a Landmark Structures Historic District of the Historic Preservation Code.^[11]

Demographics

2010 census

As of the census^[12] of 2010, there were 48,579 people, 14,774 households, and 4,811 families residing in the city. The population density was 3574.6PD/sqmi. There were 15,787 housing units at an average density of 1161.7/sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 78.4% White, 10.6% Asian, 6.8% African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.0% from other races, and 2.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 3.4% of the population.

There were 14,774 households, of which 13.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 24.7% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 67.4% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.80.

The median age in the city was 21.6 years. 7.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 62.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 14.6% were from 25 to 44; 9.2% were from 45 to 64; and 6.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.5% male and 51.5% female.

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 46,525 people, 14,390 households, and 5,094 families residing in the city. The population density was 4136.6sp=usNaNsp=us. There were 15,321 housing units at an average density of 1362.2sp=usNaNsp=us. The racial makeup of the city was 80.91% White, 8.21% Asian, 7.40% African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.95% from other races, and 2.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 2.69% of the population.

There were 14,390 households, out of which 16.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.6% were married couples living together, 5.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 64.6% were non-families. 36.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.82.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 9.0% under the age of 18, 58.6% from 18 to 24, 16.4% from 25 to 44, 9.9% from 45 to 64, and 6.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,217, and the median income for a family was $61,985 (these figures had risen to $29,885 and $81,941 respectively as of a 2007 estimate^[13]). Males had a median income of $43,767 versus $30,556 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,333. About 11.0% of families and 34.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.8% of those under age 18 and 3.7% of those age 65 or over.

Government

East Lansing has a council-manager government, in which the city council appoints one of its members as mayor and another as mayor pro tem – a city council member with extra ceremonial duties who chairs council meetings in the mayor's absence. The city council consists of 5 at-large council members who are elected in non-partisan elections to 4-year terms in November of odd-numbered years. The city council chooses the city manager, the city's chief administrative officer. The manager is appointed by and answers to the council.

The current Mayor is George Brookover, who was elected to the city council in 2021. Kerry Ebersole Singh is the current Mayor Pro Tem and was elected to city council in 2023. The other members of the city council are Dana Watson, elected in 2021; Erik Altmann, elected in 2023; and Mark Meadows, elected in 2023.^[14]

An important aspect of East Lansing's government is its system of commissions. The commission members are ordinary East Lansing citizens appointed by the city council and advised by members of the city staff. Commissions may propose or review policies in their bailiwicks and make recommendations to the council. Major East Lansing commissions and boards include those for Planning, Zoning, Housing, Transportation, and Parks and Recreation. Other commissions and boards that also involve active engagement of ordinary citizens play a role in East Lansing's governance.^[15]

East Lansing Government founded the Technology Innovation Center, an incubator for technology start-ups.^[16]

Education

Higher education

Michigan State University, a member of the Big Ten Conference, is the largest education institution in the State of Michigan (9th largest in the United States),^[17] reflecting East Lansing's history as a college town. MSU has more than 200 programs of study including both the allopathic College of Human Medicine (MD) and osteopathic College of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) medical school and one veterinary medicine school (DVM), a law school (JD, L.L.M., and M.J.), and numerous PhD programs. There is also a Master of Arts in Technology (MAET) program.^[18]

Nearby Lansing is home to several other colleges, including Thomas M. Cooley Law School which is the largest law school in the United States (by attendees), Davenport University, and Lansing Community College.

Public primary and secondary schools

Most of the city is covered by the East Lansing Public Schools district.

Within Ingham County, portions of East Lansing are within the East Lansing school district, the Lansing School District, Okemos Public Schools, and Haslett Public Schools.^[19]

Within Clinton County, portions of East Lansing are within the Lansing School District, the East Lansing School District, and Bath Community Schools.^[20]

The East Lansing district has an enrollment of just over 3,400 students in grades K-12. The district also includes small portions of neighboring Lansing, Lansing Township, and Meridian Township. The district consists of six elementary schools, one middle school (MacDonald Middle School), and East Lansing High School. One fifth of the district's students come from outside of East Lansing through Michigan's Schools of Choice program.

Private schools

• St. Thomas Aquinas Parish School,^[21] 915 Alton Road
• Stepping Stones Montessori School,^[22] 1370 Beech Street

Transportation

Local transportation

Capital Area Transportation Authority (CATA) provides public bus transit throughout East Lansing, Lansing, and surrounding areas.

The Northern Tier Trail^[23] is a shared-use pedestrian and bicycle path system connecting some parts of the northern half of the city; the Lansing River Trail begins on the campus of Michigan State University and extends west into downtown Lansing and then north towards the airport.

Intercity transportation

Amtrak and Indian Trails^[24] provide intercity rail and bus services at the Capital Area Multimodal Gateway, which is located at 1240 South Harrison Road, within walking distance of the Michigan State University main campus. CATA transportation is also based out of the CAMG.

Amtrak offers daily service to East Lansing on its Port Huron to Union Station, Chicago train, the Blue Water. Two class one freight railroads serve the city including Canadian National Railway (CN) and CSX Transportation (CSXT).

Bus transportation is offered between East Lansing and Detroit Metro Airport twelve times daily by Michigan Flyer.

The Capital Region International Airport in nearby Lansing offers regional non-stop domestic flights; connections between East Lansing and the airport are offered by CATA (with a transfer in downtown Lansing); rental cars are also available at the airport.

Three major interstates and one U.S. Highway serve the East Lansing area including Interstate 96 (I-96), I-69, I-496, and U.S. Highway 127 (US 127).

Major highways

• runs from Indianapolis, along the northern boundary of East Lansing, and east to Flint and Port Huron, connecting to Canada.
• is a loop route running through Lansing and East Lansing.
• is a north–south highway passing between Lansing and East Lansing, continuing northerly toward Clare and Grayling and southerly toward Jackson, Michigan and into Ohio.
• serves as a major east–west thoroughfare through the city. In downtown East Lansing, the route separates the central business district of the city from the campus of Michigan State University.
• is a route between M-43 and the Lansing city limit.

Culture

The city has several neighborhoods of detached, single-family houses within a mile of the Michigan State University campus.^[25] Under a 2004 city zoning ordinance, several of those neighborhoods have used a petition process to establish zones that prohibit or severely restrict renting. The net size of the area where renting is prohibited has increased since 2004.^[26]

East Lansing has a very large student population; in 2006 the city's population was about 45,931,^[27] while the university's 2006–07 enrollment was 45,520. Granted, not all students enrolled live in East Lansing or on campus.^[28]

Centennial

In 2007, the City of East Lansing celebrated its Centennial. The celebration began in January 2007 with a kick-off press conference at the Marriott Hotel in downtown East Lansing. Events throughout the year included an old fashion concert, a birthday party, and a historic homes tour. A fireworks show took place in August, along with many more events throughout the year.

Sites of interest

On campus

• W. J. Beal Botanical Garden, is the oldest botanical garden in the United States
• Michigan State University Horticulture Gardens
• Beaumont Tower
• Red Cedar River
• Wharton Center for the Performing Arts (Great Hall and Pasant Theatre), the Fairchild Theatre,^[29] and the MSU Auditorium^[30] (Main Stage and Arena Theater)
• Eli and Edythe Broad Art Museum
• Abrams Planetarium^[31] and the MSU Observatory
• Spartan Stadium
• Breslin Center
• MSU Forest Akers Golf Courses^[32]
• MSU Pavilion
• MSU Federal Credit Union, the largest university-based credit union in the world
• CATA Bus Station
• Sparty is the nickname of The Spartan, a large statue representing the MSU mascot, a Spartan warrior. "Sparty" is frequently used as a landmark when giving directions on campus.
• The Rock is a large boulder, approximately five feet high, originally placed near Beaumont Tower by the Class of 1873, since relocated to a site northeast of the Farm Lane Bridge. It serves as a venue for student groups and is routinely graffitied by those groups.
• Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, formerly the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory

Off campus

• Hannah Community Center (originally built as East Lansing High School, and later used as the junior high school, and then a middle school) featuring the Albert A. White Performing Arts Theatre^[33]
• East Lansing Public Library^[34]
• The "Habitrail", Hamster Cage, or Gerbil Cage, is a large multicolored parking structure near campus that resembles a Habitrail home for pet rodents. The controversial design resulted from the city's instructions to the architect that the building be "festive" and have "no brick".
• Saper Galleries, an award-winning art gallery serving clients internationally since 1978, is in a contemporary gallery building in downtown East Lansing on Albert Avenue.^[35]
• Scene metrospace, the city sponsored art gallery located in the ground floor of the multicolored parking structure
• East Lansing Family Aquatic Center^[36]
• Trowbridge railroad junction (located near Trowbridge Road^[37]) and the nearby Amtrak depot are popular spots with railfans for train watching. At Trowbridge, the busy Grand Trunk Western Railroad line connecting Chicago to Toronto intersects the former Pere Marquette Railroad (now Conrail line from Detroit to Grand Rapids).

Outside East Lansing

• The city of Lansing is adjacent to East Lansing. Lansing has, among other things, the State Capitol, Hall of Justice (Supreme Court), and Michigan Library and Historical Center.^[38] Thomas M. Cooley Law School, the nation's largest law school, is located in downtown Lansing. Lansing also is the home of the Lansing Lugnuts minor league baseball team. There is a City Market^[39] in downtown Lansing, next to the Grand River.
• Lake Lansing is nearby and is approximately 500acres in size. The lake has an outstanding beach, and is a summer favorite of swimmers, sunbathers, boaters and fishermen.^[40] The Lansing Sailing Club and Michigan State University Sailing Club^[41] have facilities on Lake Lansing where sailing regattas are held throughout the summer months.
• Meridian Mall is located in the suburb of Okemos, and Eastwood Towne Center in Lansing Township.

Newspapers

• The State News
• East Lansing Info (ELi)
• Lansing State Journal
• City Pulse^[42]
• Spartan Edge^[43]

Local events

• The East Lansing Film Festival^[44] is the largest festival of its kind in Michigan.
• East Lansing Art Festival^[45] is a juried art show held each spring on the weekend before Memorial Day. In 2009 it received a national ranking in the Art Fair Sourcebook^[46] Top 200 for its fine art and craft sales. "With its 117th fine art ranking and 153rd fine craft ranking, the festival was included among a list of the top 200 best-selling art fairs and festivals in the country. These rankings are based on the festival's gross average sales for 2009, which totaled $2,857 per artist exhibitor".^[47]
• Great Lakes Folk Festival^[48] originated after The National Folk Festival, which made East Lansing its home for three years, moved to a new city for another three years. The festival is usually held during the second weekend of August.
• The Michigan High School Boys State Basketball Championship^[49] tournament is typically held at Michigan State University's Breslin Center each March.
• The 2007 and 2023 Odyssey of the Mind World Finals^{[50] [51]} occurred at Michigan State University.
• The 2009 Future Problem Solvers International Conference was held in East Lansing.^[52]
• The Children's Concerts^[53] held at East Lansing Hannah Community Center, is an annual series of live music geared for young audiences and their families.
• The Crystal Awards^[54] honors the extraordinary accomplishments of individuals, businesses and organizations that have impacted the quality of life in East Lansing.
• The Summer Solstice Jazz Festival^[55] is a two-day festival that salutes jazz music with local and national jazz performers and celebrates the longest day of the year.
• The Summer Concert Series^[56] features live local music each Friday and Saturday in Downtown East Lansing.
• The Moonlight Film Festival^[57] offers free movies on an outdoor big screen in Valley Court Park in downtown East Lansing.
• One Book One Community^[58] is a unique program that brings the city-university community together to read the same book and come together to discuss it in a variety of settings.
• The Winter Glow^[59] features holiday activities, musical entertainment and merchant activities. The Festival is usually takes place at the Ann Street Plaza, Parking Lot 1 and the East Lansing Marriott.
• Cedar Fest was an annual festival held in 1970s and 1980s.

Notable people

• Spencer Abraham: former US senator and Secretary of Energy
• Rosemarie Aquilina: Judge of the 30th circuit court in Ingham County, Michigan
• Chuck Bullough: former NFL player for Syracuse
• Jim Cash: screenwriter, long-time resident of East Lansing and a professor at MSU
• Harry A. DeMaso: Michigan state legislator
• Kevin DeYoung: pastor, author
• Rachael Eubanks: 47th Michigan State Treasurer
• Richard Lenski: evolutionary biologist at MSU
• Todd Martin: tennis pro; 1988 graduate of ELHS
• Julie Mehretu: graduate of ELHS, artist
• Drew Miller: wing player for the Detroit Red Wings; brother of Ryan Miller
• Ryan Miller: Hobey Baker winner at MSU, NHL goalie
  • General Robert Neller, commandant of the Marine Corps Larry Page: 1991 graduate of ELHS, Google founder
• Wally Pleasant: comedic folk singer
• Ben Poquette: NBA basketball player
• Susan May Pratt: actress
• Nate Silver: statistician-journalist
• Gretchen Whitmer: 49th and current governor of Michigan

Further reading

• Balaskovitz, Andy. "Despite hurdles, consolidating Lansing, East Lansing and Lansing Township makes sense". Lansing City Pulse. November 28, 2012. Available on NewsBank, Record Number: 33658e6f3e435749c466e59bf44dd1b692752.

External links

• "A Brief History of East Lansing, Michigan"
• City of East Lansing
• East Lansing – demographics and maps

Notes and References

1. Web site: 2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files. United States Census Bureau. May 21, 2022.
2. Web site: U.S. Census website . . January 31, 2008 .
3. Web site: United States Census Bureau QuickFacts . Census.gov . United States Census Bureau . 26 August 2022.
4. Web site: American Indians in Michigan. October 31, 2014.
5. Web site: East Lansing – Origins. October 31, 2007 . Forsyth. Kevin S. A Brief History of East Lansing, Michigan.
6. James D. Towar, History of the City of East Lansing, 1933.
7. Web site: East Lansing – College Delta. October 31, 2007 . Forsyth. Kevin S. A Brief History of East Lansing, Michigan.
8. Web site: US Gazetteer files 2010 . . November 25, 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120125061959/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt . January 25, 2012 .
9. Web site: Neighborhood Associations. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090818192429/http://www.cityofeastlansing.com/Home/LeftMenu/ToLiveinEastLansing/ToLivelinks/NeighborhoodAssociations/. August 18, 2009.
10. Web site: Historic District Commission. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110403055814/http://www.cityofeastlansing.com/Home/Departments/BoardsCommissions/HistoricDistrictCommission/. April 3, 2011.
11. Web site: Forsyth. Kevin S. Landmark Structures. A Brief History of East Lansing, Michigan. February 7, 2011.
12. Web site: U.S. Census website. United States Census Bureau. November 25, 2012.
13. https://archive.today/20200211181514/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts?_event=Search&geo_id=16000US2603000&_geoContext=01000US%7C04000US26%7C16000US2603000&_street=&_county=east+lansing&_cityTown=east+lansing&_state=04000US26&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=160&_submenuId=factsheet_1&ds_name=ACS_2007_3YR_SAFF&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null:null&_keyword=&_industry= East Lansing city, Michigan
14. Web site: Meet the Council East Lansing, MI - Official Website . November 24, 2023 . www.cityofeastlansing.com.
15. Web site: East Lansing, MI – Official Website. https://web.archive.org/web/20090209190854/http://www.cityofeastlansing.com/Home/Departments/BoardsCommissions/. dead. February 9, 2009. cityofeastlansing.com.
16. Web site: East Lansing TIC – Technology Innovation Center – LEAP. cityofeastlansing.com.
17. [List of United States university campuses by enrollment]
18. Web site: Master of Arts in Educational Technology (MAET). dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20100610125220/http://edutech.msu.edu/masters.html. June 10, 2010.
19. Web site: 2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Ingham County, MI. U.S. Census Bureau. 2023-03-05.
20. Web site: 2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Clinton County, MI. U.S. Census Bureau. 2023-03-05.
21. Web site: St. Thomas Aquinas Parish School. stthomasaquinasparishschool.org.
22. Web site: Home. steppingstoneseastlansing.org.
23. Web site: Northern Tier Trail website. dead. http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20080923143802/http://www.cityofeastlansing.com/COEL.asp?action=http://www.cityofeastlansing.com/CITYGOV/ParksAndRecreationFacilities/NorthernTierTrail.asp. September 23, 2008.
24. Web site: Indian Trails. indiantrails.com.
25. Web site: Neighborhood Associations. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090818192429/http://www.cityofeastlansing.com/Home/LeftMenu/ToLiveinEastLansing/ToLivelinks/NeighborhoodAssociations/. August 18, 2009.
26. Web site: Residential Rental Restriction Overlay District. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110213104227/http://www.cityofeastlansing.com/Home/Departments/PlanningDevelopment/ResidentialRentalRestrictionOverlayDistrict/. February 13, 2011.
27. US Census Bureau 2006–08 population estimate, available at:. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=16000US2624120&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR2&-ds_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-_sse=on
28. Michigan State University Board of Trustees announcement, September 12, 2007, available at: http://trustees.msu.edu/decisions-news/2007-09/enrollment.html
29. Web site: Michigan State University Department of Theatre :: Productions. msu.edu.
30. Web site: Kresge Art Museum WPA Walking Tour. msu.edu.
31. Web site: Abrams Planetarium. msu.edu. December 9, 2007. May 5, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070505035535/http://www.pa.msu.edu/abrams/. dead.
32. Web site: Forest Akers Golf Courses. msu.edu.
33. Web site: Hannah Center website. https://archive.today/20060830040523/http://www.cityofeastlansing.com/COEL.asp?action=http://www.cityofeastlansing.com/CITYGOV/ParksAndRecreationFacilities/Hannah.asp. dead. August 30, 2006.
34. Web site: East Lansing Public Library – Your Life. Value Added.. Boxcar Studio. elpl.org.
35. Web site: Saper Galleries and Custom Framing full service, award-winning, fine arts gallery of international acclaim. sapergalleries.com.
36. Web site: Aquatic Center website. https://archive.today/20120804181635/http://www.michigan.org/travel/detail.asp?m=8&p=B261. dead. August 4, 2012.
37. Web site: Yahoo Maps, Driving Directions and Traffic. Yahoo Maps.
38. Web site: Michigan Library and Historical Center.
39. Web site: Lansing City Market. lansingcitymarket.com. October 12, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20121120130131/http://www.lansingcitymarket.com/. November 20, 2012. dead.
40. News: Haslett. hostmaster. November 16, 2016. Michigan. May 30, 2017. en.
41. Web site: Untitled Document. msu.edu.
42. Web site: City Pulse. lansingcitypulse.com. August 6, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060506072216/http://www.lansingcitypulse.com/. May 6, 2006. dead.
43. Web site: Spartanedge – So close to the edge we're practically falling off. spartanedge.com. December 12, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20091010202632/http://spartanedge.com/. October 10, 2009. dead.
44. http://www.elff.com East Lansing Film Festival
45. Web site: 2015 East Lansing Art Festival – East Lansing Art Festival. elartfest.com.
46. Web site: Art Fair and Craft Show Listings – Art Fair SourceBook. artfairsourcebook.com.
47. Web site: East Lansing Art Festival Receives National Ranking > City of East Lansing > News Releases. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110505075002/http://www.cityofeastlansing.com/NewsReleases/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/439/East-Lansing-Art-Festival-Receives-National-Ranking/. May 5, 2011.
48. Web site: Great Lakes Folk Festival. https://web.archive.org/web/20030128115841/http://greatlakesfolkfest.net/. dead. January 28, 2003. greatlakesfolkfest.net.
49. Web site: Boys Basketball. mhsaa.com.
50. Web site: Odyssey of the Mind – 2007 World Finals. odysseyofthemind.com.
51. Web site: World Finals – Odyssey of the Mind . 2023-08-14 . www.odysseyofthemind.com.
52. "Pecatonica Problem Solvers are Grand Champions", Wisconsin State Journal, June 15, 2009.
53. Web site: Children's Concert. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110504095118/http://www.cityofeastlansing.com/childrensconcert/. May 4, 2011.
54. Web site: Crystal Awards. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110504094017/http://www.cityofeastlansing.com/crystalawards. May 4, 2011.
55. http://www.eljazzfest.com/ Summer Solstice Jazz Festival
56. Web site: Summer Concert Series. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110504095220/http://www.cityofeastlansing.com/summerconcertseries/. May 4, 2011.
57. http://www.cityofeastlansing.com/Home/Departments/CommunityEvents/MoonlightFilmFestival/ Moonlight Film Festival
58. Web site: One Book One Community East Lansing > Home. onebookeastlansing.com.
59. http://www.cityofeastlansing.com/Home/Departments/CommunityEvents/WinterBowlSoupChiliCookoff/ Winter Soup & Chili Cookoff