List of military and civilian missions of the European Union explained

The European Union (EU) has undertaken a number of overseas missions and operations, drawing on civilian and military capabilities, in several countries across three continents (Europe, Africa and Asia), as part of its Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). The operation or mission in question will work in agreement and coordination with the EU delegations, until 2009 known as the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP).^{[1] [2]}

Organisation

Deployment procedure

The decision to deploy – together with any subsequent management of – the mission or operation in question, will ultimately be taken by the EU member states in the Foreign Affairs Council (FAC).

Military operations may be launched after four planning phases, through which the Operation Commander (Op. Cdr.), Military Staff (EUMS), Military Committee (EUMC), Political and Security Committee (PSC) and Council have different roles.^[3]

Classification

In the EU terminology, civilian CSDP interventions are called 'missions', regardless of whether they have an executive mandate such as EULEX Kosovo or a non-executive mandate (all others). Military interventions, however, can either have an executive mandate such as for example Operation Atalanta in which case they are referred to as 'operations' and are commanded at two-star level; or non-executive mandate (e.g. EUTM Somalia) in which case they are called 'missions' and are commanded at one-star level.

Prefixes

All CSDP missions and operations are given a prefix depending on the nature of the mission, which is either military or civilian.

Civilian missions:

• • Military advisory mission (EUMAM)
• Aviation security mission (EUAVSEC)
• Rule of law mission (EULEX)
• Mission in support of the security sector reform (EUSSR)
• Integrated rule of law mission (EUJUST)
• Mission to provide advice and assistance for security sector reform (EUSEC)
• Monitoring mission (EUMM)
• Advisory mission (EUAM)
  • • Police advisory team (EUPAT)

Military operations:

The operations are named as if the multinational force conducting it is established specifically for the unique operation, which is often the case. The force may however also consist of permanent multinational forces such as the European Corps.

List

Beginning	End	Name	Abbreviation	Alternative name	Personnel	OHQ
data-sort-value="1 July 1991"	July 1991	31 December 2007		ECMM / EUMM	N/A	?	?
data-sort-value="1 December 2002"	December 2002			PAMECA	N/A	?	?
1 January 2003	30 June 2012		EUPM BiH	N/A	774	?
31 March 2003	15 December 2003		EUFOR Concordia	Operation Concordia	400^[4]	ACO
12 June 2003	1 September 2003	European Union Military Operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo	EUFOR Artemis		1800
15 December 2003	14 December 2005		EUPOL FYROM	EUPOL Proxima	200	?
16 July 2004	14 July 2005		EUJUST Georgia	EUJUST Themis	27	?
2 December 2004			EUFOR BiH	Operation Althea	600	ACO
12 April 2005	30 June 2007		EUPOL Kinshasa	N/A	?	?
8 June 2005	data-sort-value="1 January 2016"	2016		EUSEC RD Congo	N/A	?	?
1 July 2005	31 December 2013		EUJUST LEX Iraq	N/A	?	?
18 July 2005	31 December 2007		AMIS EU Supporting Action	N/A	?	?
15 September 2005	15 December 2006		AMM	N/A	?	?
25 November 2005			EUBAM Rafah	N/A	?
1 December 2005			EUBAM Moldova and Ukraine	N/A	?
15 December 2005	14 June 2006		EUPAT	N/A	?	?
1 January 2006			EUPOL COPPS	N/A	?
12 June 2006	30 November 2006		EUFOR RD Congo	N/A	2300	?
15 June 2007	31 December 2016		EUPOL Afghanistan	N/A	?	?
1 July 2007	30 September 2014		EUPOL RD Congo	N/A	?	?
12 February 2008	30 September 2010		EUSSR Guinea-Bissau	N/A	?	?
17 March 2008	15 March 2009		EUFOR Tchad/RCA	N/A	3700	?
1 October 2008			EUMM Georgia	N/A	?
5 November 2008			EU NAVFOR Somalia	Operation Atalanta	1200
9 December 2008			EULEX Kosovo	N/A	?
10 April 2010			EUTM Somalia	N/A	100
data-sort-value="1 July 2012"	July 2012			EUCAP Sahel Niger	N/A	?
16 July 2012			EUCAP Somalia	EUCAP Nestor	?
data-sort-value="1 February 2013"	February 2013	data-sort-value="1 January 2014"	January 2014		EUAVSEC South Sudan	N/A	?	?
18 February 2013	17 May 2024		EUTM Mali	N/A	500
data-sort-value="1 May 2013"	May 2013			EUBAM Libya	N/A	?
10 February 2014	23 March 2015		EUFOR RCA	N/A	600	?
data-sort-value="1 April 2014"	April 2014			EUCAP Sahel Mali	N/A	?
data-sort-value="1 December 2014"	December 2014			EUAM Ukraine	N/A	350+
23 March 2015	16 July 2016		EUMAM RCA	N/A	?	?
22 June 2015	31 March 2020		EUNAVFOR Med	Operation Sophia	?
16 July 2016			EUTM RCA	N/A	?
22 November 2017			EUAM Iraq	N/A	?
31 March 2020			EUNAVFOR Med Irini	Operation Irini	?
20 October 2022	19 December 2022		EUMCAP	N/A	40	?
17 October 2022		European Union Military Assistance Mission in support of Ukraine^[5]	EUMAM Ukraine	N/A	N/A
20 December 2022	23 January 2023		EUPAT Armenia	N/A	?	?
23 January 2023		European Union Mission in Armenia^[6]	EUMA	N/A	100	?
20 February 2023	30 June 2024	European Union Military Partnership Mission in Niger^[7] ^[8] ^[9]	EUMPM Niger	N/A	?	?
24 April 2023		European Union Partnership Mission in the Republic of Moldova^[10]	EUPM Moldova	N/A	?	?
February 2024		EUNAVFOR Aspides^[11]	EUNAVFOR Aspides	Operation Aspides	?	?

Proposed missions

Historical proposals

• 1 April 2011: European Union Military Operation in Libya (EUFOR Libya) – Proposed as a complement to NATO's international military intervention and no-fly zone in the Libyan Civil War.^[12]

See also

Related topics of the Common Security and Defence Policy:

• Operations of the European Border and Coast Guard
• Defence forces of the European Union
• History of the Common Security and Defence Policy

Operations and exercises of the precursors of the Common Security and Defence Policy

• Missions of the Western European Union
• Exercises of the Western Union

Operations and exercises of the multinational forces made available to the CSDP in accordance with article 42.3 of the Treaty on European Union:

• List of operations of the European Maritime Force
• List of operations of the European Rapid Operational Force
• List of missions of the European Gendarmerie Force
• List of exercises of the European Maritime Force
• List of operations of the European Corps

Missions and exercises of other organisations:

• List of missions of the United Nations
• List of operations of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
• List of exercises of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

External links

• List of CSDP missions
• EU Civilian and Military Missions 2003-14, London School of Economics
• PhD Thesis on Civilian CSDP – EU Civilian crisis management (University of Geneva, 2008, 441 p. in French)
• Benjamin Pohl (2013) The logic underpinning EU crisis management operations, European Security, 22(3): 307–325, DOI:10.1080/09662839.2012.726220.
• European Centre of Excellence for Civilian Crisis Management European Centre of Excellence for Civilian Crisis Management

Notes and References

1. European Union External Action > EU Operations http://www.eeas.europa.eu/csdp/missions-and-operations/completed/index_en.htm
2. Benjamin Pohl (2013) The logic underpinning EU crisis management operations, European Security, 22(3): 307-325, DOI:10.1080/09662839.2012.726220, p. 311.
3. Web site: The EU Military Staff: A frog in boiling water?. 2017-08-10.
4. Web site: Archived copy . 7 May 2018 . 22 September 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150922030534/http://www.lse.ac.uk/internationalRelations/centresandunits/EFPU/EFPUpdfs/EU-Civilian-and-Military-Missions-since-2003.pdf . dead .
5. Web site: Ukraine: EU sets up a military assistance mission to further support the Ukrainian Armed Forces .
6. Web site: Armenia: EU establishes a civilian mission to contribute to stability in border areas .
7. Web site: Niger: EU launches its military partnership mission .
8. Web site: EU Military Partnership Mission in Niger | EEAS .
9. News: . EU to end military mission to Niger by June 30 . . 27 May 2024 . 23 June 2024.
10. Web site: Moldova: EU sets up a civilian mission to strengthen the resilience of the security sector - Consilium.
11. Web site: EU launches Red Sea mission 'Aspides' to protect vessels from Houthi attacks. Aurélie. Pugnet. 19 February 2024. www.euractiv.com.
12. Web site: European Union External Action.