EPH receptor A3 explained

EPH receptor A3 (ephrin type-A receptor 3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPHA3 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

This gene belongs to the ephrin receptor subfamily of the protein-tyrosine kinase family. EPH and EPH-related receptors have been implicated in mediating developmental events, particularly in the nervous system. Receptors in the EPH subfamily typically have a single kinase domain and an extracellular region containing a Cys-rich domain and 2 fibronectin type III repeats. The ephrin receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands. This gene encodes a protein that binds ephrin-A ligands. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene.^[3]

Interactions

EPH receptor A3 has been shown to interact with EFNB2^{[4] [5]} and EFNA5.^{[5] [6]}

Further reading

• Flanagan JG, Vanderhaeghen P . The ephrins and Eph receptors in neural development. . Annu. Rev. Neurosci. . 21 . 309–45 . 1998 . 9530499 . 10.1146/annurev.neuro.21.1.309 .
• Zhou R . The Eph family receptors and ligands. . Pharmacol. Ther. . 77 . 3 . 151–81 . 1998 . 9576626 . 10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00112-5 .
• Ernst AF, Jurney WM, McLoon SC . Mechanisms involved in development of retinotectal connections: roles of Eph receptor tyrosine kinases, NMDA receptors and nitric oxide. . Prog. Brain Res. . 118 . 115–31 . 1999 . 9932438 . 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)63204-5 .
• Holder N, Klein R . Eph receptors and ephrins: effectors of morphogenesis. . Development . 126 . 10 . 2033–44 . 1999 . 10.1242/dev.126.10.2033 . 10207129 .
• Wilkinson DG . Eph receptors and ephrins: regulators of guidance and assembly. . Int. Rev. Cytol. . 196 . 177–244 . 2000 . 10730216 . 10.1016/S0074-7696(00)96005-4 . International Review of Cytology . 9780123646002 .
• Xu Q, Mellitzer G, Wilkinson DG . Roles of Eph receptors and ephrins in segmental patterning. . Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. . 355 . 1399 . 993–1002 . 2001 . 11128993 . 1692797 . 10.1098/rstb.2000.0635 .
• Wilkinson DG . Multiple roles of EPH receptors and ephrins in neural development. . Nat. Rev. Neurosci. . 2 . 3 . 155–64 . 2001 . 11256076 . 10.1038/35058515 . 205014301 .
• Beckmann MP, Cerretti DP, Baum P, Vanden Bos T, James L, Farrah T, Kozlosky C, Hollingsworth T, Shilling H, Maraskovsky E . Molecular characterization of a family of ligands for eph-related tyrosine kinase receptors. . EMBO J. . 13 . 16 . 3757–62 . 1994 . 8070404 . 395287 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06685.x.
• Wicks IP, Lapsys NM, Baker E, Campbell LJ, Boyd AW, Sutherland GR . Grant Robert Sutherland . Localization of a human receptor tyrosine kinase (ETK1) to chromosome region 3p11.2. . Genomics . 19 . 1 . 38–41 . 1994 . 8188238 . 10.1006/geno.1994.1009 .
• Cerretti DP, Vanden Bos T, Nelson N, Kozlosky CJ, Reddy P, Maraskovsky E, Park LS, Lyman SD, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ . Isolation of LERK-5: a ligand of the eph-related receptor tyrosine kinases. . Mol. Immunol. . 32 . 16 . 1197–205 . 1996 . 8559144 . 10.1016/0161-5890(95)00108-5 .
• Lackmann M, Mann RJ, Kravets L, Smith FM, Bucci TA, Maxwell KF, Howlett GJ, Olsson JE, Vanden Bos T, Cerretti DP, Boyd AW . Ligand for EPH-related kinase (LERK) 7 is the preferred high affinity ligand for the HEK receptor. . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 26 . 16521–30 . 1997 . 9195962 . 10.1074/jbc.272.26.16521 . free .
• Kozlosky CJ, VandenBos T, Park L, Cerretti DP, Carpenter MK . LERK-7: a ligand of the Eph-related kinases is developmentally regulated in the brain. . Cytokine . 9 . 8 . 540–9 . 1997 . 9245480 . 10.1006/cyto.1997.0199 .
• Ephnomenclaturecommittee . Unified nomenclature for Eph family receptors and their ligands, the ephrins. Eph Nomenclature Committee. . Cell . 90 . 3 . 403–4 . 1997 . 9267020 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80500-0 . 26773768 . free .
• Lackmann M, Oates AC, Dottori M, Smith FM, Do C, Power M, Kravets L, Boyd AW . Distinct subdomains of the EphA3 receptor mediate ligand binding and receptor dimerization. . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 32 . 20228–37 . 1998 . 9685371 . 10.1074/jbc.273.32.20228 . free .
• Ciossek T, Monschau B, Kremoser C, Löschinger J, Lang S, Müller BK, Bonhoeffer F, Drescher U . Eph receptor-ligand interactions are necessary for guidance of retinal ganglion cell axons in vitro. . Eur. J. Neurosci. . 10 . 5 . 1574–80 . 1998 . 9751130 . 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00180.x . 20470923 .

Notes and References

1. Boyd AW, Ward LD, Wicks IP, Simpson RJ, Salvaris E, Wilks A, Welch K, Loudovaris M, Rockman S, Busmanis I . Isolation and characterization of a novel receptor-type protein tyrosine kinase (hek) from a human pre-B cell line . J Biol Chem . 267 . 5 . 3262–7 . March 1992 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50725-6 . 1737782 . free .
2. Wicks IP, Wilkinson D, Salvaris E, Boyd AW . Molecular cloning of HEK, the gene encoding a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed by human lymphoid tumor cell lines . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 89 . 5 . 1611–5 . April 1992 . 1311845 . 48502 . 10.1073/pnas.89.5.1611 . 1992PNAS...89.1611W . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: EPHA3 EPH receptor A3.
4. Cerretti DP, Vanden Bos T, Nelson N, Kozlosky CJ, Reddy P, Maraskovsky E, Park LS, Lyman SD, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ . Isolation of LERK-5: a ligand of the eph-related receptor tyrosine kinases . Mol. Immunol. . 32 . 16 . 1197–205 . November 1995 . 8559144 . 10.1016/0161-5890(95)00108-5 .
5. Lackmann M, Mann RJ, Kravets L, Smith FM, Bucci TA, Maxwell KF, Howlett GJ, Olsson JE, Vanden Bos T, Cerretti DP, Boyd AW . Ligand for EPH-related kinase (LERK) 7 is the preferred high affinity ligand for the HEK receptor . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 26 . 16521–30 . June 1997 . 9195962 . 10.1074/jbc.272.26.16521 . free .
6. Kozlosky CJ, VandenBos T, Park L, Cerretti DP, Carpenter MK . LERK-7: a ligand of the Eph-related kinases is developmentally regulated in the brain . Cytokine . 9 . 8 . 540–9 . August 1997 . 9245480 . 10.1006/cyto.1997.0199 .