ENPP3 explained

Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ENPP3 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a series of ectoenzymes that are involved in hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides. These ectoenzymes possess ATPase and ATP pyrophosphatase activities and are type II transmembrane proteins. Expression of the related rat mRNA has been found in a subset of immature glial cells and in the alimentary tract. The corresponding rat protein has been detected in the pancreas, small intestine, colon, and liver. The human mRNA is expressed in glioma cells, prostate, and uterus. Expression of the human protein has been detected in uterus, basophils, and mast cells.^[2]

This protein has also been used in conjunction with CD63 as a marker for activated basophils in the Basophil Activation Test for IgE mediated allergic reactions.^[3]

Further reading

• Bühring HJ, Streble A, Valent P . The basophil-specific ectoenzyme E-NPP3 (CD203c) as a marker for cell activation and allergy diagnosis . International Archives of Allergy and Immunology . 133 . 4 . 317–29 . April 2004 . 15031605 . 10.1159/000077351 . 12238348 .
• Andoh K, Piao JH, Terashima K, Nakamura H, Sano K . Genomic structure and promoter analysis of the ecto-phosphodiesterase I gene (PDNP3) expressed in glial cells . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression . 1446 . 3 . 213–24 . September 1999 . 10524196 . 10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00090-1 .
• Bühring HJ, Seiffert M, Giesert C, Marxer A, Kanz L, Valent P, Sano K . The basophil activation marker defined by antibody 97A6 is identical to the ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3 . Blood . 97 . 10 . 3303–5 . May 2001 . 11342463 . 10.1182/blood.V97.10.3303 . free .
• Yano Y, Hayashi Y, Sano K, Shinmaru H, Kuroda Y, Yokozaki H, Yoon S, Kasuga M . Expression and localization of ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase I-3 (E-NPP3/CD203c/PD-I beta/B10/gp130RB13-6) in human colon carcinoma . International Journal of Molecular Medicine . 12 . 5 . 763–6 . November 2003 . 14533006 . 10.3892/ijmm.12.5.763 .
• Yano Y, Hayashi Y, Sano K, Nagano H, Nakaji M, Seo Y, Ninomiya T, Yoon S, Yokozaki H, Kasuga M . Expression and localization of ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase I-1 (E-NPP1/PC-1) and -3 (E-NPP3/CD203c/PD-Ibeta/B10/gp130(RB13-6)) in inflammatory and neoplastic bile duct diseases . Cancer Letters . 207 . 2 . 139–47 . April 2004 . 15072822 . 10.1016/j.canlet.2003.11.002 .
• Elbatarny HS, Maurice DH . Leptin-mediated activation of human platelets: involvement of a leptin receptor and phosphodiesterase 3A-containing cellular signaling complex . American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism . 289 . 4 . E695-702 . October 2005 . 15886225 . 10.1152/ajpendo.00125.2005 .
• Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, Ota T, Nishikawa T, Yamashita R, Yamamoto J, Sekine M, Tsuritani K, Wakaguri H, Ishii S, Sugiyama T, Saito K, Isono Y, Irie R, Kushida N, Yoneyama T, Otsuka R, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Kondo H, Wagatsuma M, Murakawa K, Ishida S, Ishibashi T, Takahashi-Fujii A, Tanase T, Nagai K, Kikuchi H, Nakai K, Isogai T, Sugano S . Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes . Genome Research . 16 . 1 . 55–65 . January 2006 . 16344560 . 1356129 . 10.1101/gr.4039406 .
• Ocmant A, Peignois Y, Mulier S, Hanssens L, Michils A, Schandené L . Flow cytometry for basophil activation markers: the measurement of CD203c up-regulation is as reliable as CD63 expression in the diagnosis of cat allergy . Journal of Immunological Methods . 320 . 1–2 . 40–8 . March 2007 . 17275019 . 10.1016/j.jim.2006.12.002 .

Notes and References

1. Jin-Hua P, Goding JW, Nakamura H, Sano K . Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of PD-Ibeta (PDNP3), a new member of the human phosphodiesterase I genes . Genomics . 45 . 2 . 412–5 . October 1997 . 9344668 . 10.1006/geno.1997.4949 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: ENPP3 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3.
3. McGowan EC, Saini S . Update on the performance and application of basophil activation tests . . 13 . 1 . 101–9 . February 2013 . 23188565 . 10.1007/s11882-012-0324-x . 4078398.