ENOD40 explained

Symbol:	ENOD40
ENOD40
Pfam:	PF08247
Interpro:	IPR013186

ENOD40
Symbol:	ENOD40
Rfam:	RF01845
Rna Type:	Non-coding RNA
Tax Domain:	Magnoliophyta

enod40, also known as early nodulin 40, is a gene found in flowering plants. The gene has characteristics of both protein and Non-coding RNA genes.^[1] There issome evidence that the non-coding characteristics of this gene are more widely conserved than theprotein coding sequences.^[2] In soyabeans enod40 was found to be expressed duringearly stages of formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules that are associated with symbiotic soil rhizobial bacteria.^{[3] [4]} The gene is also active in roots containing fungi forming phosphate-acquiring arbuscular mycorrhiza.^[5] An interaction with a novel RNA-binding protein MtRBP1 (Medicago truncatula RNA-binding protein 1) investigated in the development of Root nodule suggests ENOD40 has a function of cytoplasmic relocalization of nuclear proteins.^[6] In the study of non-legume plants, the over-expression of ENOD40 in transgenic Arabidopsis lines was observed a reduction of cell expansion.^[7]

See also

• Non-coding RNA#Bifunctional RNA

Further reading

• Podkowinski J, Zmienko A, Florek B, Wojciechowski P, Rybarczyk A, Wrzesinski J, Ciesiolka J, Blazewicz J, Kondorosi A, Crespi M, Legocki A . Translational and structural analysis of the shortest legume ENOD40 gene in Lupinus luteus. . Acta Biochim Pol . 56 . 1 . 89–102 . 2009 . 19287803. 10.18388/abp.2009_2520 . free .
• Wan X, Hontelez J, Lillo A, Guarnerio C, van de Peut D, Fedorova E, Bisseling T, Franssen H . Medicago truncatula ENOD40-1 and ENOD40-2 are both involved in nodule initiation and bacteroid development. . J Exp Bot . 58 . 8 . 2033–2041 . 2007 . 17452749 . 10.1093/jxb/erm072. free .
• Gultyaev AP, Roussis A . Identification of conserved secondary structures and expansion segments in enod40 RNAs reveals new enod40 homologues in plants. . Nucleic Acids Res . 35 . 9 . 3144–3152 . 2007 . 17452360 . 10.1093/nar/gkm173 . 1888808.
• Murakami Y, Miwa H, Imaizumi-Anraku H, Kouchi H, Downie JA, Kawaguchi M, Kawasaki S . Positional cloning identifies Lotus japonicus NSP2, a putative transcription factor of the GRAS family, required for NIN and ENOD40 gene expression in nodule initiation. . DNA Res . 13 . 6 . 255–265 . 2006 . 17244637 . 10.1093/dnares/dsl017. free .
• Lee A, Lum MR, Hirsch AM . ENOD40 Gene Expression and Cytokinin Responses in the Nonnodulating, Nonmycorrhizal (NodMyc) Mutant, Masym3, of Melilotus alba Desr. . Plant Signal Behav . 2 . 1 . 33–42 . 2007 . 19516966 . 2633896 . 10.4161/psb.2.1.3734.
• Ruttink T, Boot K, Kijne J, Bisseling T, Franssen H . ENOD40 affects elongation growth in tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cells by alteration of ethylene biosynthesis kinetics. . J Exp Bot . 57 . 12 . 3271–3282 . 2006 . 16957021 . 10.1093/jxb/erl089. free .
• Grønlund M, Roussis A, Flemetakis E, Quaedvlieg NE, Schlaman HR, Umehara Y, Katinakis P, Stougaard J, Spaink HP . Analysis of promoter activity of the early nodulin Enod40 in Lotus japonicus. . Mol Plant Microbe Interact . 18 . 5 . 414–427 . 2005 . 15915640 . 10.1094/MPMI-18-0414. free . 1887/61968 . free .
• Röhrig H, John M, Schmidt J . Modification of soybean sucrose synthase by S-thiolation with ENOD40 peptide A. . Biochem Biophys Res Commun . 325 . 3 . 864–870 . 2004 . 15541370 . 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.10.100. 11858/00-001M-0000-0012-3B5C-C . free .
• Dey M, Complainville A, Charon C, Torrizo L, Kondorosi A, Crespi M, Datta S . Phytohormonal responses in enod40-overexpressing plants of Medicago truncatula and rice. . Physiol. Plant. . 120 . 1 . 132–139 . 2004 . 15032885 . 10.1111/j.0031-9317.2004.0208.x.
• Compaan B, Ruttink T, Albrecht C, Meeley R, Bisseling T, Franssen H . Identification and characterization of a Zea mays line carrying a transposon-tagged ENOD40. . Biochim Biophys Acta . 1629 . 1–3 . 84–91 . 2003 . 14522083 . 10.1016/j.bbaexp.2003.08.004.
• Vleghels I, Hontelez J, Ribeiro A, Fransz P, Bisseling T, Franssen H . Expression of ENOD40 during tomato plant development. . Planta . 218 . 1 . 42–49 . 2003 . 14508686 . 10.1007/s00425-003-1081-9. 37198384 .
• Santi C, von Groll U, Ribeiro A, Chiurazzi M, Auguy F, Bogusz D, Franche C, Pawlowski K . Comparison of nodule induction in legume and actinorhizal symbioses: the induction of actinorhizal nodules does not involve ENOD40. . Mol Plant Microbe Interact . 16 . 9 . 808–816 . 2003 . 12971604 . 10.1094/MPMI.2003.16.9.808. free .
• 10.1093/nar/gkg721 . Girard G, Roussis A, Gultyaev AP, Pleij CW, Spaink HP . Structural motifs in the RNA encoded by the early nodulation gene enod40 of soybean. . Nucleic Acids Res . 31 . 17 . 5003–5015 . 2003 . 12930950 . 212817.
• 10.1078/0176-1617-00962 . Larsen K . Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a ryegrass (Lolium perenne) ENOD40 homologue. . J Plant Physiol . 160 . 6 . 675–687 . 2003 . 12872490.
• Favery B, Complainville A, Vinardell JM, Lecomte P, Vaubert D, Mergaert P, Kondorosi A, Kondorosi E, Crespi M, Abad P . The endosymbiosis-induced genes ENOD40 and CCS52a are involved in endoparasitic-nematode interactions in Medicago truncatula. . Mol Plant Microbe Interact . 15 . 10 . 1008–1013 . 2002 . 12437298 . 10.1094/MPMI.2002.15.10.1008. free .
• Varkonyi-Gasic E, White DW . The white clover enod40 gene family. Expression patterns of two types of genes indicate a role in vascular function. . Plant Physiol . 129 . 3 . 1107–1118 . 2002 . 12114565 . 10.1104/pp.010916 . 166505.
• Rohrig H, Schmidt J, Miklashevichs E, Schell J, John M . Soybean ENOD40 encodes two peptides that bind to sucrose synthase. . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 99 . 4 . 1915–1920 . 2002 . 11842184 . 10.1073/pnas.022664799 . 122294. 2002PNAS...99.1915R . free .
• Staehelin C, Charon C, Boller T, Crespi M, Kondorosi A . Medicago truncatula plants overexpressing the early nodulin gene enod40 exhibit accelerated mycorrhizal colonization and enhanced formation of arbuscules. . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 98 . 26 . 15366–15371 . 2001 . 11752473 . 10.1073/pnas.251491698 . 65035. 2001PNAS...9815366S . free .
• 10.1007/s004380000330 . Imaizumi-Anraku H, Kouchi H, Syono K, Akao S, Kawaguchi M . Analysis of ENOD40 expression in alb1, a symbiotic mutant of Lotus japonicus that forms empty nodules with incompletely developed nodule vascular bundles. . Mol Gen Genet . 264 . 4 . 402–410 . 2000 . 11129043. 10727926 .
• Sousa C, Johansson C, Charon C, Manyani H, Sautter C, Kondorosi A, Crespi M . Translational and structural requirements of the early nodulin gene enod40, a short-open reading frame-containing RNA, for elicitation of a cell-specific growth response in the alfalfa root cortex. . Mol Cell Biol . 21 . 1 . 354–366 . 2001 . 11113209 . 10.1128/MCB.21.1.354-366.2001 . 88808.
• Flemetakis E, Kavroulakis N, Quaedvlieg NE, Spaink HP, Dimou M, Roussis A, Katinakis P . Lotus japonicus contains two distinct ENOD40 genes that are expressed in symbiotic, nonsymbiotic, and embryonic tissues. . Mol Plant Microbe Interact . 13 . 9 . 987–994 . 2000 . 10975655 . 10.1094/MPMI.2000.13.9.987. free .
• 10.1105/tpc.11.10.1953 . Charon C, Sousa C, Crespi M, Kondorosi A . Alteration of enod40 expression modifies medicago truncatula root nodule development induced by sinorhizobium meliloti . Plant Cell . 11 . 10 . 1953–1966 . 1999 . 10521525 . 144109.
• 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00432.x . Kouchi H, Takane K, So RB, Ladha JK, Reddy PM . Rice ENOD40: isolation and expression analysis in rice and transgenic soybean root nodules. . Plant J . 18 . 2 . 121–129 . 1999 . 10363365. free .
• 10.1023/A:1006146627301 . Mirabella R, Martirani L, Lamberti A, Iaccarino M, Chiurazzi M . The soybean ENOD40(2) promoter is active in Arabidopsis thaliana and is temporally and spatially regulated. . Plant Mol Biol . 39 . 1 . 177–181 . 1999 . 10080720. 27117762 .
• 10.1023/A:1005925607793 . Corich V, Goormachtig S, Lievens S, Van Montagu M, Holsters M . Patterns of ENOD40 gene expression in stem-borne nodules of Sesbania rostrata. . Plant Mol Biol . 37 . 1 . 67–76 . 1998 . 9620265. 6061623 .
• 10.1104/pp.116.1.53 . Fang Y, Hirsch AM . Studying early nodulin gene ENOD40 expression and induction by nodulation factor and cytokinin in transgenic alfalfa. . Plant Physiol . 116 . 1 . 53–68 . 1998 . 9449836 . 35188.
• 10.1073/pnas.94.16.8901 . Charon C, Johansson C, Kondorosi E, Kondorosi A, Crespi M . enod40 induces dedifferentiation and division of root cortical cells in legumes. . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 94 . 16 . 8901–8906 . 1997 . 11038563 . 23190. 1997PNAS...94.8901C . free .
• 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1996.10010023.x . Minami E, Kouchi H, Cohn JR, Ogawa T, Stacey G . Expression of the early nodulin, ENOD40, in soybean roots in response to various lipo-chitin signal molecules. . Plant J . 10 . 1 . 23–32 . 1996 . 8758977. free .
• 10.1007/BF00049320 . Papadopoulou K, Roussis A, Katinakis P . Phaseolus ENOD40 is involved in symbiotic and non-symbiotic organogenetic processes: expression during nodule and lateral root development. . Plant Mol Biol . 30 . 3 . 403–417 . 1996 . 8605294. 2726636 .
• Crespi MD, Jurkevitch E, Poiret M, d'Aubenton-Carafa Y, Petrovics G, Kondorosi E, Kondorosi A . enod40, a gene expressed during nodule organogenesis, codes for a non-translatable RNA involved in plant growth. . EMBO J . 13 . 21 . 5099–5112 . 1994 . 7957074 . 395456. 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06839.x .
• 10.1007/BF00039559 . Matvienko M, Van de Sande K, Yang WC, van Kammen A, Bisseling T, Franssen H . Comparison of soybean and pea ENOD40 cDNA clones representing genes expressed during both early and late stages of nodule development. . Plant Mol Biol . 26 . 1 . 487–493 . 1994 . 7948896. 11639458 .

External links

• ENTREZ page for Lotus japonicus ENOD40
  • NONCODE entry for ENOD40 RNA

Notes and References

1. Crespi MD, Jurkevitch E, Poiret M, d'Aubenton-Carafa Y, Petrovics G, Kondorosi E, Kondorosi A . enod40, a gene expressed during nodule organogenesis, codes for a non-translatable RNA involved in plant growth. . EMBO J . 13 . 21 . 5099–5112 . 1994 . 7957074 . 395456. 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06839.x .
2. Gultyaev AP, Roussis A . Identification of conserved secondary structures and expansion segments in enod40 RNAs reveals new enod40 homologues in plants. . Nucleic Acids Res . 35 . 9 . 3144–3152 . 2007 . 17452360 . 10.1093/nar/gkm173 . 1888808.
3. 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1993.03040573.x . Yang WC, Katinakis P, Hendriks P, Smolders A, de Vries F, Spee J, van Kammen A, Bisseling T, Franssen H . Characterization of GmENOD40, a gene showing novel patterns of cell-specific expression during soybean nodule development. . Plant J . 3 . 4 . 573–585 . 1993 . 8220464. free .
4. Kouchi H, Hata S . Isolation and characterization of novel nodulin cDNAs representing genes expressed at early stages of soybean nodule development. . Mol Gen Genet . 238 . 1–2 . 106–119 . 1993 . 7683079. 10.1007/bf00279537 . 23793878 .
5. 10.1073/pnas.94.10.5467 . van Rhijn P, Fang Y, Galili S, Shaul O, Atzmon N, Wininger S, Eshed Y, Lum M, Li Y, To V, Fujishige N, Kapulnik Y, Hirsch AM . Expression of early nodulin genes in alfalfa mycorrhizae indicates that signal transduction pathways used in forming arbuscular mycorrhizae and Rhizobium-induced nodules may be conserved. . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 94 . 10 . 5467–5472 . 1997 . 11038545 . 24702. 1997PNAS...94.5467V . free .
6. Campalans A, Kondorosi A, Crespi M . Enod40, a short open reading frame-containing mRNA, induces cytoplasmic localization of a nuclear RNA binding protein in Medicago truncatula. . Plant Cell . 16 . 4 . 1047–1059 . 2004 . 15037734 . 10.1105/tpc.019406 . 412876.
7. Guzzo F, Portaluppi P, Grisi R, Barone S, Zampieri S, Franssen H, Levi M . Reduction of cell size induced by enod40 in Arabidopsis thaliana. . J Exp Bot . 56 . 412 . 507–513 . 2005 . 15557291 . 10.1093/jxb/eri028. free .