ENC1 explained

Ectoderm-neural cortex protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ENC1 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

DNA damage and/or hyperproliferative signals activate wildtype p53 tumor suppressor protein (TP53; MIM 191170), inducing cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Mutations that inactivate p53 occur in 50% of all tumors. Polyak et al. (1997) used serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) to evaluate cellular mRNA levels in a colorectal cancer cell line transfected with p53. Of 7,202 transcripts identified, only 14 were expressed at levels more than 10-fold higher in p53-expressing cells than in control cells. Polyak et al. (1997) termed these genes 'p53-induced genes,' or PIGs, several of which were predicted to encode redox-controlling proteins. They noted that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are potent inducers of apoptosis. Flow cytometric analysis showed that p53 expression induces ROS production, which increases as apoptosis progresses under some conditions. The authors stated that the PIG10 gene, also called ENC1, encodes an actin-binding protein.[supplied by OMIM]^[3]

Interactions

ENC1 has been shown to interact with Retinoblastoma protein.

Further reading

• Hernandez MC, Andres-Barquin PJ, Holt I, Israel MA . Cloning of human ENC-1 and evaluation of its expression and regulation in nervous system tumors . Experimental Cell Research . 242 . 2 . 470–7 . Aug 1998 . 9683534 . 10.1006/excr.1998.4109 .
• Hernandez MC, Andres-Barquin PJ, Kuo WL, Israel MA . Assignment of the ectodermal-neural cortex 1 gene (ENC1) to human chromosome band 5q13 by in situ hybridization . Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics . 87 . 1–2 . 89–90 . 2000 . 10640818 . 10.1159/000015398 . 40487726 .
• Zhao L, Gregoire F, Sul HS . Transient induction of ENC-1, a Kelch-related actin-binding protein, is required for adipocyte differentiation . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 275 . 22 . 16845–50 . Jun 2000 . 10828068 . 10.1074/jbc.275.22.16845 . free .
• Kim TA, Ota S, Jiang S, Pasztor LM, White RA, Avraham S . Genomic organization, chromosomal localization and regulation of expression of the neuronal nuclear matrix protein NRP/B in human brain tumors . Gene . 255 . 1 . 105–16 . Sep 2000 . 10974570 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00297-3 .
• Fujita M, Furukawa Y, Tsunoda T, Tanaka T, Ogawa M, Nakamura Y . Up-regulation of the ectodermal-neural cortex 1 (ENC1) gene, a downstream target of the beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex, in colorectal carcinomas . Cancer Research . 61 . 21 . 7722–6 . Nov 2001 . 11691783 .
• Hammarsund M, Lerner M, Zhu C, Merup M, Jansson M, Gahrton G, Kluin-Nelemans H, Einhorn S, Grandér D, Sangfelt O, Corcoran M . Disruption of a novel ectodermal neural cortex 1 antisense gene, ENC-1AS and identification of ENC-1 overexpression in hairy cell leukemia . Human Molecular Genetics . 13 . 23 . 2925–36 . Dec 2004 . 15459180 . 10.1093/hmg/ddh315 . free .
• Barrios-Rodiles M, Brown KR, Ozdamar B, Bose R, Liu Z, Donovan RS, Shinjo F, Liu Y, Dembowy J, Taylor IW, Luga V, Przulj N, Robinson M, Suzuki H, Hayashizaki Y, Jurisica I, Wrana JL . High-throughput mapping of a dynamic signaling network in mammalian cells . Science . 307 . 5715 . 1621–5 . Mar 2005 . 15761153 . 10.1126/science.1105776 . 2005Sci...307.1621B . 39457788 .
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M . Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network . Nature . 437 . 7062 . 1173–8 . Oct 2005 . 16189514 . 10.1038/nature04209 . 2005Natur.437.1173R . 4427026 .
• Seng S, Avraham HK, Jiang S, Yang S, Sekine M, Kimelman N, Li H, Avraham S . The nuclear matrix protein, NRP/B, enhances Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress responses in breast cancer cells . Cancer Research . 67 . 18 . 8596–604 . Sep 2007 . 17875699 . 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-3785 . free .

Notes and References

1. Polyak K, Xia Y, Zweier JL, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B . A model for p53-induced apoptosis . Nature . 389 . 6648 . 300–5 . Sep 1997 . 9305847 . 10.1038/38525 . 1997Natur.389..300P . 4429638 .
2. Kim TA, Lim J, Ota S, Raja S, Rogers R, Rivnay B, Avraham H, Avraham S . NRP/B, a novel nuclear matrix protein, associates with p110(RB) and is involved in neuronal differentiation . The Journal of Cell Biology . 141 . 3 . 553–66 . May 1998 . 9566959 . 2132755 . 10.1083/jcb.141.3.553 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: ENC1 ectodermal-neural cortex (with BTB-like domain).