| Eben Carleton Sprague | |
| Order: | 3rd |
| Chancellor of the University of Buffalo | |
| Term Start: | 1885 |
| Term End: | 1895 |
| Predecessor: | Orsamus H. Marshall |
| Successor: | James O. Putnam |
| Birth Date: | 28 November 1822 |
| Birth Place: | Bath, New Hampshire |
| Death Place: | Buffalo, New York |
| Resting Place: | Forest Lawn Cemetery |
| Nationality: | American |
| Spouse: | Elizabeth Hubbard Williams |
| Parents: | Noah Paul Sprague Abiah (Carlton) Sprague |
| Children: | 8 |
| Party: | Republican Party |
| Education: | Phillips Exeter Academy |
| Alma Mater: | Harvard College |
Eben Carleton Sprague (November 28, 1822 – February 14, 1895) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.
He was born on November 28, 1822, in Bath, Grafton County, New Hampshire, the son of Noah Paul Sprague (1798–1879) and Abiah (Carlton) Sprague. He attended Phillips Exeter Academy, and graduated from Harvard College in 1843.
Sprague studied law with Millard Fillmore and Solomon G. Haven and was admitted to the bar in 1846, and practicing in Buffalo, New York. From 1854 until his death, he practiced in partnership with Fillmore's son, Millard Powers Fillmore, and was an attorney for the Erie Railway.
He was elected and became a member of the New York State Senate (31st D.) in 1877 as a Republican. Sprague served as the third Chancellor of the University of Buffalo from 1885 until his death in 1895. The first was former U.S. President Millard Fillmore and the second was Orsamus H. Marshall, the American lawyer, educator and historian.
On June 25, 1849, he married Elizabeth Hubbard Williams (1831–1908), and they had eight children. He died on February 14, 1895, in Buffalo, New York.