| Kalimantan | |
| Settlement Type: | Region |
| Coordinates: | -1°N 114°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Indonesia |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Name1: | West Kalimantan Central Kalimantan South Kalimantan East Kalimantan North Kalimantan |
| Subdivision Type2: | Largest cities |
| Subdivision Name2: | Samarinda Balikpapan Pontianak Banjarmasin Palangkaraya Banjarbaru Tarakan Singkawang Bontang |
| Subdivision Type3: | Other towns |
| Subdivision Name3: | Tanjung Selor |
| Population As Of: | mid 2023 estimate |
| Population Footnotes: | [1] |
| Population Total: | 17259155 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Iso Code: | ID-KA |
| Registration Plate Type: | Vehicle sign |
| Registration Plate: | DA KB KH KT KU |
| Blank Name Sec1: | HDI |
| Blank Info Sec1: | 0.708 |
Kalimantan (in Indonesian pronounced as /kaliˈmantan/) is the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo.[2] It constitutes 73% of the island's area, and consists of the provinces of Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, and West Kalimantan. The non-Indonesian parts of Borneo are Brunei and East Malaysia. Colloquially in Indonesia, the whole island of Borneo is also called "Kalimantan".
In 2019, President of Indonesia Joko Widodo proposed that Indonesia's capital be moved to Kalimantan. The People's Consultative Assembly approved the Law on State Capital in January 2022.[3] The new capital, Nusantara, is a planned city that will be carved out of East Kalimantan. A government official said construction is expected to be fully complete by 2045,[4] but the new capital is scheduled to be inaugurated on 17 August 2024, coinciding with Indonesian Independence Day.[5]
The name Kalimantan is derived from the Sanskrit word Sanskrit: Kalamanthana, which means "burning weather island" or "very hot island", referring to its hot and humid tropical climate. It consists of the two words Sanskrit: [[Kāla (time)|kal[a]]] ("time, season, period") and Sanskrit: manthan[a] ("boiling, churning, burning") because of Indianized culture [6] The native people of the Indonesian Borneo referred to their island as Pulu K'lemantan or "Kalimantan" when the sixteenth century Portuguese explorer Jorge de Menezes made contact with them.[7] [8] Due to Europeans encountering the Bruneian Sultanate in the north part of the island during the Age of Exploration, the entire island has come to be called Borneo in English, with Kalimantan being known as Indonesian Borneo, but this name is not used in Indonesia itself.
In the early twentieth century, the British colonist Charles Hose described Kalimantan as being home to a "Klemantan people", but this term is no longer in use as Kalimantan has always had many ethnic groups.
The Indonesian territory makes up 73% of the island by area, and 72.1% of its 2020 population of 23,053,723 (the population was 13,772,543 at the 2010 Census of Indonesia, and 16,625,796 at the 2020 Census).[9] The non-Indonesian parts of Borneo are of Brunei (460,345 in 2020[10]) and East Malaysia (5,967,582 in 2020), the latter comprising the states of Sabah (3,418,785) and Sarawak (2,453,677), and the federal territory of Labuan (95,120).
Kalimantan's total area is 534698.27km2.[11]
The widespread deforestation and other environmental destruction in Kalimantan and other parts of Indonesia has often been described by academics as an ecocide.[12] [13]
Kalimantan is now divided into five provinces. It was administered as one province between 1945 and 1956, but in 1956 it was split into three provinces – East Kalimantan, South Kalimantan and West Kalimantan; then in 1957, the province of Central Kalimantan was created when it was split away from the existing South Kalimantan. There remained four provinces until 25 October 2012, when North Kalimantan was split off from East Kalimantan. These are listed below with their areas in km2 and their populations at the 2010 and 2020 Censuses, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023.
| 147,037.04 | 4,395,983 | 4,783,209 | 5,396,821 | 5,623,328 | 38.2 | Pontianak | |||
| 153,443.90 | 2,202,599 | 2,490,178 | 2,669,969 | 2,773,747 | 18.1 | align-left | Palangkaraya | ||
| 37,135.05 | 3,626,119 | 3,984,315 | 4,062,584 | 4,222,330 | 113.7 | Banjarmasin | |||
| East Kalimantan | 126,981.28 | 3,550,586 | 3,422,676* | 3,766,039 | 3,909,740 | 30.8 | Balikpapan | ||
| 70,101.00 | 524,526 | 639,639 | 701,814 | 730,010 | 10.4 | Tarakan | |||
| Total | 534,698.27 | 14,299,813 | 15,320,017 | 16,597,227 | 17,259,155 | 32.3 | – | Banjarmasin |
Number of the largest population of ethnic groups according to the 2010 census:
| Ethnicity | West Kalimantan | Central Kalimantan | South Kalimantan | North and East Kalimantan | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Banjarese | 14,430 (0.33%) | 464,260 (21.28%) | 2,686,627 (74.84%) | 440,453 (12.45%) | 3,605,770 (26.31%) | |
| Dayak | 1,531,989 (34.93%) | 1,029,182 (46.62%) | 80,708 (2.23%) | 351,437 (9.94%) | 2,993,316 (21.78%) | |
| Javanese | 427,238 (9.74%) | 478,393 (21.67%) | 523,276 (14.51%) | 1,069,605 (30.24%) | 2,498,512 (18.18%) | |
| Malay | 1,484,085 (33.84%) | 87,348 (3.96%) | 3,681 (0.10%) | 6,053 (0.17%) | 1,581,167 (11.51%) | |
| Buginese | 137,282 (3.13%) | 17,104 (0.77%) | 101,727 (2.81%) | 735,819 (20.81%) | 991,932 (7.22%) | |
| Madurese | 274,869 (6.27%) | 42,668 (1.93%) | 53,002 (1.47%) | 46,823 (1.32%) | 417,362 (3.04%) | |
| Chinese | 358,451 (8.17%) | 5,130 (0.23%) | 13,000 (0.36%) | 32,757 (0.93%) | 409,338 (2.98%) | |
| Kutai | None | None | None | 275,696 (7.80%) | 275,696 (2.01%) | |
| Sundanese | 49,530 (1.13%) | 28,580 (1.29%) | 24,592 (0.68%) | 55,659 (1.57%) | 158,361 (1.15%) | |
| Batak | 26,486 (0.60%) | 12,324 (0.56%) | 12,408 (0.34%) | 37,145 (1.05%) | 88,363 (0.64%) | |
| Others | 80,996 (1.85%) | 42,378 (1.92%) | 114,971 (3.18%) | 485,056 (13.72%) | 723,401 (5.26%) | |
| Total | 4,385,356 (100%) | 2,207,367 (100%) | 3,613,992 (100%) | 3,536,503 (100%) | 13,743,218 (100%) |
Number of the largest population of religious groups according to the 2010 census:
| Religion | West Kalimantan | Central Kalimantan | South Kalimantan | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Islam | 2,603,318 (59.22%) | 1,643,715 (74.31%) | 3,505,846 (96.67%) | 378,478 (72.14%) | 2,655,227 (87.68%) | 10,786,584 (78.23%) | |
| Protestantism | 500,254 (11.38%) | 353,353 (15.97%) | 47,974 (1.32%) | 109,358 (20.84%) | 228,022 (7.53%) | 1,238,961 (8.99%) | |
| Roman Catholic | 1,008,368 (22.94%) | 58,279 (2.63%) | 16,045 (0.44%) | 29,366 (5.60%) | 109,263 (3.61%) | 1,221,321 (8.86%) | |
| Hinduism | 2,708 (0.06%) | 11,149 (0.50%) | 16,064 (0.44%) | 288 (0.05%) | 7,369 (0.24%) | 37,578 (0.27%) | |
| Buddhism | 237,741 (5.41%) | 2,301 (0.10%) | 11,675 (0.32%) | 3,879 (0.74%) | 12,477 (0.41%) | 268,073 (1.94%) | |
| Confucianism | 29,737 (0.68%) | 414 (0.02%) | 236 (0.01%) | 175 (0.03%) | 905 (0.03%) | 31,467 (0.23%) | |
| Other religions | 2,907 (0.07%) | 138,419 (6.26%) | 16,465 (0.45%) | 25 (0.00%) | 824 (0.03%) | 158,640 (1.35%) | |
| Not Stated | 671 (0.01%) | 220 (0.01%) | 3 (0.00%) | 454 (0.09%) | 1,497 (0.05%) | 2,845 (0.02%) | |
| Not Asked | 10,279 (0.23%) | 4,239 (0.19%) | 12,308 (0.34%) | 2,633 (0.50%) | 12,903 (0.43%) | 42,362 (0.31%) | |
| Total | 4,395,983 (100%) | 2,212,089 (100%) | 3,626,616 (100%) | 524,656 (100%) | 3,028,487 (100%) | 13,787,831 (100%) |
Number of the largest population of religious groups in 2023:
| Religions | Total | |
|---|---|---|
| 13,566,483 | ||
| 1,608,857 | ||
| 1,573,067 | ||
| 335,722 | ||
| 187,035 | ||
| 17,376 | ||
| 11,151 | ||
| Overall | 17,299,691 |