Durand Cup Explained

Durand Cup
Organiser:Durand Football Tournament Society
and AIFF
Current:2024 Durand Cup
Founded:[1]
Motto:A Saga of Enduring Glory
Many Champions. One Legacy.
The quest for a lasting legacy
Region:India
Number Of Teams:24
Current Champions:NorthEast United (1st title)
Most Successful Team:Mohun Bagan SG (17 titles)
Broadcasters:Sony Sports
SonyLIV (online streaming)
Website:

The Durand Cup (also called the IndianOil Durand Cup Powered by Coal India Limited for sponsorship reasons) is an annual domestic football competition in India which was first held in 1888 in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.[2] [3] Hosted by the Durand Football Tournament Society (DFTS) and the All India Football Federation (AIFF), the tournament is the oldest existing club football tournament in Asia and the fifth oldest national football competition in the world.[4] [5] [6] The tournament currently serves as the curtain raiser for every Indian football season. It is open for any national club of any divisions, with guest invitee teams from different sections of the Indian Armed Forces, keeping the century long tradition intact.[7] [8] [9]

Since the inception of the Federation Cup, it became merely an exhibition tournament with invitational participations. However, from 2022 all the Indian Super League and majority of the I-League clubs participate making it open to all clubs across all divisions in India along guest invite teams. The tournament indicates the beginning of an Indian football season across all divisions. It currently hold the status of Football League Cup similar to Carabao EFL Cup in England and not Premier Domestic Cup status which belongs to AIFF Super Cup.[10] [11]

The tournament is named after its founder Sir Henry Mortimer Durand, the foreign secretary of India from 1884 to 1894. It was first began as a football tournament for different departments and regiments of Armed forces of India and the princely states.[12] Since independence, the army's presence is maintained by the participation of several clubs of different regiments Indian Armed Forces as guest invitees.[13] Army Green became the latest Army team to win the competition in 2016.[14]

History

Foundation

The Durand Football Tournament, known as Durand Cup, was started by Sir Henry Mortimer Durand in Shimla in 1888.[15] [16] Sir Henry was recuperating from illness in Shimla in North India. Having become conscious of the value of sport as a means to maintain health, he decided to present a prize to encourage sporting competition in India. In 1940, the venue of the tournament was shifted to New Delhi.

British Raj era

The Durand tournament was initially a military affair, open to the British Armed Forces, the Indian Army and other armed units such as provincial frontier-security regiments and the volunteer regiments of the reserves.[17] In practice, however, the native soldiers traditionally preferred field hockey to football, a fact which has been evident from the Indian and Pakistani dominance of that sport in international events such as the Olympics. The exception to this tradition were the Nepali men of the brigades of Gurkhas. Initially, this tended to leave the field open to the Indian Army until football's popularity took hold and it became the more universal sport it is today.

The matches were played in Dagshai, near Shimla, with the inaugural final becoming a Scottish affair, where the first name on the trophy been inscribed was the Royal Scots Fusiliers, who beat the Highland Light Infantry by 2–1.[18] [19] In 1940 the tournament was relocated to the capital city of New Delhi and, with most military units dispatched in World War II, the tournament was opened to civilian teams so as to maintain the level of competition, wherein Mohammedan became the first civilian team to win the tournament at the Irwin Amphitheater.[20] The tournament would get suspended due to the war, which would soon be followed by the Indian independence movement leading to the partition of India.[21]

Post-independence

Following the turmoil of in 1947, the Durand Cup was accidentally discovered in the office of Commander-in-Chief Sir Claude Auchinleck and efforts were made in order to shift the tournament to the newly formed Pakistan, but was strongly resisted by the Defence Secretary H.M. Patel, who acquired and stored it in the State Bank of India, ensuring that the Durand Cup remains a part of Indian football. Since then the tournament is hosted by the Durand Football Tournament Society, a registered society at Delhi, presided by the Chief of Defence Staff and chaired by the three Service Chiefs of Indian Armed Forces.[15] [22] At the first edition of the tournament since the independence of India, Hyderabad City Police defeated Mohun Bagan by 1–0 in the replayed final. For the next ten years, the trophy would go on to swap hands frequently among East Bengal FC, Mohun Bagan, Madras Regimental Centre and Hyderabad City Police, who played as Andhra Pradesh Police after 1960. After a year of halt due to Sino-Indian War, the tournament would get dominated by Mohun Bagan and East Bengal, with Border Security Force and JCT FC challenging their dominant run at times. In 1997, FC Kochin became the first South Indian club to get their hands on the Durand Cup.[23] [24]

Mahindra United FC won the first title of the 3rd millennium and their second time, following its 1998 win.[25] In 2006, Osian's became the first civilian organisation to co-host the Durand Cup on a 5-year deal with DFTS until 2010, in order to develop the tournament and revive the interest in the game.[26] [27] In the following years however, clubs from Goa produced a run of winning form with clubs like Salgaocar FC, Sporting Clube de Goa, Dempo SC and Churchill Brothers FC Goa.[28] [29] [30] Churchill Brothers FC Goa won the tournament thrice in 2007, 2009 and 2011, and narrowly missed a hat-trick, as runners-up in 2008.[31] [32] [33] Since 2000, only twice the tournament was won by the Indian Armed Force teams – Army XI in 2005 and Army Green in 2016.[34] In 2013, Mohammedan SC would win the tournament for the second time after 73 years and for the first time since the independence of India. Due to lack of adequate response in New Delhi, the following year Durand Cup was relocated to Goa, under the instructions of Minister of Defence Manohar Parrikar.[35] The significance of the tournament had dissipated with time but the Indian Armed Forces kept the Durand Tournament tradition alive for decades. The tournament had been scrapped-off from the Indian football calendar a number of times without any significant reason, for instance in the years 2015, 2017 and 2018.[36]

In 2019, the tournament was jointly organised by the Armed Forces and the Government of West Bengal, thus relocated to West Bengal in favour for higher attendance figures. In that edition, Gokulam Kerala FC became the second football club from Kerala to win the tournament. In 2020, the tournament was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[37] [38] In 2021, the Armed Forces decided to host the tournament in West Bengal, jointly with the Government of West Bengal, till 2025.[39] As the significance of the tournament depraved, usually the participating Indian Super League (ISL) clubs would field their respective reserve squads, in order to focus on the more important league games. However, at 130th edition of the tournament, organisers took an effort to revive the legacy and most clubs decided to field full-strength squads. FC Goa became fourth Goan club to win the tournament by defeating Mohammedan SC.[40] The following year, AIFF decided to make Durand Cup a mandatory tournament for all ISL clubs to participate since a club must play at least 27 domestic games to be eligible for AFC competitions, therefore AFC for the first time recognised Durand Cup as one of the cup tournaments of India. Hence, in the 131st edition, for the first time, all the clubs of ISL participated in the tournament along with five invited clubs from I-League and the usual four armed force teams.[41] Due to expansion of the competition, the matches were hosted at more than one venue, alongside Kolkata, which was unprecedented till then.[42]

Competition format

While there is no record of the competition's format in its earlier days, currently the Durand Cup is played in two phases: round-robin and knockouts.[43]

A total of 24 teams feature in the group stage round.[44] Each team is allowed to have a maximum of 30 players to complete their rosters.

After the round-robin schedule, top teams from each group would progress into the knockout stage, which culminates with 2 teams facing each other in the finals.[45]

Trophies

Unlike any other competition around the world winning team is presented with three trophies:[46]

Finals

Results

Pre-independence era (1888–1947)

YearWinnersScoreRunners-upRef.
1888 Royal Scots Fusiliers2–1 Highland Light Infantry[50] [51] [52]
1889 Highland Light Infantry8–1 Shimla Rifles (2nd Punjab Volunteer Rifle Corps)
1890 Highland Light Infantry0–0
4–2		 Royal Irish Fusiliers
1891 King's Own Scottish Borderers2–1 East Lancashire Regiment
1892 King's Own Scottish Borderers3–0 Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
1893 Highland Light Infantry2–1 Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
1894 Highland Light Infantry1–0 Royal Scots Fusiliers
1895 Highland Light Infantry1–0 Somerset Light Infantry
1896 Somerset Light Infantry6–1 Black Watch
1897 Black Watch0–0
4–0		 Shimla Rifles (2nd Punjab Volunteer Rifle Corps)
1898 Black Watch2–0 North Staffordshire Regiment
1899 Black Watch2–0 Yorkshire Regiment
1900 South Wales Borderers2–0 East Lancashire Regiment
1901 South Wales Borderers2–1 South Staffordshire Regiment
1902 Hampshire Regiment2–1 East Lancashire Regiment
1903 Royal Irish Rifles1–0 Queen's Regiment
1904 North Staffordshire Regiment2–0 Black Watch
1905 Royal Dragoons1–0 Dorset Regiment
1906 Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)3–0 Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment
1907 Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)1–0 Royal Welch Fusiliers
1908 Lancashire Fusiliers2–0 Royal Irish Rifles
1909 Lancashire Fusiliers2–1 King's Regiment
1910 Royal Scots1–0 King's Royal Rifle Corps
1911 Black Watch0–0
1–0		 Lancashire Fusiliers
1912 Royal Scots1–0 Lancashire Fusiliers
1913 Lancashire Fusiliers1–0 King's Royal Rifle Corps
1914–19
1920 Black Watch2–1 Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)
1921 Worcestershire Regiment1–0 Royal Fusiliers
1922 Lancashire Fusiliers1–0 Royal Field Artillery
1923 Cheshire Regiment1–0 Essex Regiment
1924 Worcestershire Regiment1–1
2–0		 Essex Regiment
1925 Sherwood Foresters3–1 Worcestershire Regiment
1926 Durham Light Infantry1–0 Sherwood Foresters
1927 York and Lancaster Regiment2–0 Eastern Railway
1928 Sherwood Foresters4–2 York and Lancaster Regiment
1929 York and Lancaster Regiment3–1 East Yorkshire Regiment
1930 York and Lancaster Regiment2–0 Royal Leicestershire Regiment
1931 Devonshire Regiment0–0
3–1		 Border Regiment
1932 King's Shropshire Light Infantry2–1 Devonshire Regiment
1933 King's Shropshire Light Infantry2–1 Royal Leicestershire Regiment
1934 Royal Corps of Signals3–1 Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
1935 Border Regiment1–0 Royal Norfolk Regiment
1936 Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders2–1 Green Howards
1937 Border Regiment3–1 Royal Scots
1938 South Wales Borderers1–0 Northwestern Railway Loco SC (Lahore)
1939
1940 Mohammedan2–1 Royal Warwickshire Regiment[53] [54]
1941–47

Post-independence era (1950–present)

YearWinnersScoreRunners-upRef.
1950Hyderabad City Police2–2
1–0 		Mohun Bagan[55]
1951East Bengal1–1
2–1		Rajasthan Armed Constabulary[56]
1952East Bengal1–0Hyderabad City Police[57]
1953Mohun Bagan4–0National Defence Academy[58]
1954Hyderabad City Police1–1
1–0		Hindustan Aircraft Limited[59]
1955Madras Regimental Centre0–0
0–0
3–2		Indian Air Force[60]
1956East Bengal2–0Hyderabad City Police
1957Hyderabad City Police2–1East Bengal
1958Madras Regimental Centre1–1
2–0		Gorkha Brigade
1959Mohun Bagan1–1
3–1		Mohammedan
1960Mohun Bagan and
East Bengal		–
1961Andhra Pradesh Police1–0Mohun Bagan
1962[61]
1963Mohun Bagan0–0
2–0		Andhra Pradesh Police
1964Mohun Bagan2–0East Bengal
1965Mohun Bagan2–0Punjab Police
1966Gorkha Brigade2–0Sikh Regimental Centre
1967East Bengal1–0Bengal Nagpur Railway
1968Border Security Force1–0East Bengal
1969Gorkha Brigade1–0Border Security Force
1970East Bengal2–0Mohun Bagan
1971Border Security Force0–0
1–0		Leaders Club
1972East Bengal0–0
1–0		Mohun Bagan
1973Border Security Force2–1Rajasthan Armed Constabulary
1974Mohun Bagan3–2JCT
1975Border Security Force1–0JCT
1976Border Security Force and
JCT		1–1
0–0 		–
1977Mohun Bagan1–1
2–1		JCT
1978East Bengal3–0Mohun Bagan
1979Mohun Bagan1–0Punjab Police
1980Mohun Bagan1–0Mohammedan
1981Border Security Force1–0JCT
1982Mohun Bagan and
East Bengal		0–0 –
1983JCT1–1
2–1		Mohun Bagan[62]
1984Mohun Bagan1–0East Bengal
1985Mohun Bagan0–0 JCT
1986Mohun Bagan1–0East Bengal
1987JCT1–0Mohun Bagan
1988Border Security Force3–2East Bengal
1989East Bengal0–0 Mohun Bagan
1990East Bengal3–2Mahindra & Mahindra
1991East Bengal1–1 Border Security Force
1992JCT1–0Mohammedan
1993East Bengal1–0Punjab State Electricity Board
1994Mohun Bagan1–0East Bengal[63]
1995East Bengal0–0 Tata Football Academy
1996JCT1–0 Al-Naft
1997Kochin3–1Mohun Bagan
1998Mahindra & Mahindra2–1East Bengal
1999Salgaocar0–0 East Bengal
2000Mohun Bagan1–1 (golden goal)Mahindra United[64]
2001Mahindra United5–0Churchill Brothers[65]
2002East Bengal3–0Army XI[66]
2003Salgaocar1–1 East Bengal[67]
2004East Bengal2–1Mohun Bagan[68]
2005Army XI0–0 Sporting Goa[69]
2006Dempo1–0JCT[70]
2007Churchill Brothers1–0Mahindra United[71]
2008Mahindra United3–2 Churchill Brothers[72]
2009Churchill BrothersMohun Bagan[73]
2010United1–0JCT
2011Churchill Brothers0–0 Prayag United[74]
2012Air IndiaDodsal[75]
2013Mohammedan2–1ONGC[76]
2014Salgaocar1–0Pune[77]
2016Army GreenNEROCA[78]
2019Gokulam Kerala2–1Mohun Bagan
2020[79]
2021GoaMohammedan
2022Bengaluru2–1Mumbai City[80]
2023Mohun Bagan SG1–0East Bengal[81] [82]
2024NorthEast UnitedMohun Bagan SG[83]

Performance by team

Team Champion times Runners-up times Last win
Mohun Bagan SG17 13 2023
East Bengal16 11 2004
Border Security Force7 2 1988
JCT5 7 1996
5 2 1920
5 1 1895
Hyderabad City Police /
Andhra Pradesh Police		4 3 1961
4 2 1922
Mahindra & Mahindra /
Mahindra United		3 3 2008
Churchill Brothers 3 2 2011
York and Lancaster Regiment3 1 1930
Salgaocar3 0 2014
3 0 1938
Mohammedan 2 4 2013
Gorkha Brigade2 1 1969
2 1 1937
2 1 1928
2 1 1924
2 1 1912
2 1 1907
2 0 1958
2 0 1933
2 0 1892
1 3 1936
United / Prayag United 1 1 2010
Army XI / Army Red 1 1 2005
1 1 1931
1 1 1904
Royal Irish Rifles1 1 1903
1 1 1896
1 1 1888
NorthEast United 1 0 2024
Bengaluru 1 0 2022
Goa 1 0 2021
Gokulam Kerala1 0 2019
Army Green1 0 2016
Air India1 0 2012
Dempo1 0 2006
1 0 1997
Royal Corps of Signals1 0 1934
1 0 1926
1 0 1923
Royal Dragoons1 0 1905
1 0 1902

Records

See also

External links

Notes and References

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  6. Web site: The Golden Years of Indian Football. www.chaseyoursport.com. Chase Your Sport. Kolkata. Rounak. Majumdar. 22 April 2019. 28 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20201107230046/https://www.chaseyoursport.com/Football/The-Golden-Years-of-Indian-Football/659. 7 November 2020.
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