Duke of Burgundy explained
| Dukedom of Burgundy |
| Creation Date: | 880 |
| Last Holder: | |
| Status: | Extinct |
| Extinction Date: | - 5 January 1477 (fief)
- 22 March 1761 (courtesy title)
|
| Family Seat: | |
Duke of Burgundy (French: duc de Bourgogne) was a title used by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, from its establishment in 843 to its annexation by the French crown in 1477, and later by members of the House of Habsburg, including Holy Roman Emperors and kings of Spain, who claimed Burgundy proper and ruled the Burgundian Netherlands.[1]
The Duchy of Burgundy was a small portion of the traditional lands of the Burgundians west of the river Saône which, in 843, was allotted to Charles the Bald's kingdom of the West Franks. Under the Ancien Régime, the duke of Burgundy was the premier lay peer of the Kingdom of France. Beginning with Robert II of France, the title was held by the Capetians, the French royal family. In 1032 King Henry I of France granted the duchy to his younger brother, Robert, who founded the House of Burgundy. When the senior line of the House of Burgundy became extinct in 1361, the title was inherited by King John II of France through proximity of blood. John granted the duchy to his younger son, Philip the Bold, in 1363. The Valois dukes gradually came to rule over a vast complex of territories known as the Burgundian State, and became dangerous rivals to the senior French royal line of the House of Valois.
When the male line of the Valois dukes of Burgundy became extinct in 1477, the Duchy of Burgundy was confiscated by Louis XI of France. The title "duke of Burgundy" passed to Habsburg monarchs after Mary of Burgundy married Maximilian I of Austria in 1477. The Habsburgs used this connection to claim Burgundy proper and to rule their Burgundian inheritance until the Napoleonic era. The title was subsequently revived for several younger sons of the House of Bourbon and since 1975, branches of it have used "duke of Burgundy" as a revived courtesy title.
List of dukes of Burgundy
Bosonid dynasty (880–956)
See main article: Bosonid dynasty. The first margrave (marchio), later duke (dux), of Burgundy was Richard of the House of Ardennes, whose duchy was created from the merging of several regional counties of the kingdom of Provence which had belonged to his brother Boso. Richard was the son of Eccard of Macon and Richildis of Arles, Boso the son of Bivin of Gorze and Richildis of Arles.
His descendants and their relatives by marriage ruled the duchy until its annexation over a century later by the French crown, their suzerain.
Robertian dynasty (956–1002)
See main article: Robertian dynasty.
House of Ivrea (1002–1004)
See main article: Anscarids.
House of Capet (1004–1032)
See main article: House of Capet. In 1004, Burgundy was annexed by the king, of the House of Capet. Otto William continued to rule what would come to be called the Free County of Burgundy. His descendants formed another House of Ivrea.
- Robert (1004–1016) (also king of the Franks as Robert II)
- Henry (1016–1032) (also king of the Franks as Henry I)
House of Burgundy (1032–1361)
See main article: House of Burgundy. Robert, son of Robert II of France, received the Duchy as a peace settlement, having disputed the succession to the throne of France with his brother Henry.
| Picture | Name | Birth | Became Duke | Ruled until | Death | Notes | Arms |
|---|
| Robert I the Old
(Robert Ier le Vieux) | 1011 | 1032 | 21 March 1076 | Younger son of Robert II of France. |
| Hugh I
(Hugues Ier) | 1057 | 21 March 1076 | 1079 | 29 August 1093 | Eldest son of Henry of Burgundy, grandson of Robert I. Abdicated in favour of his younger brother, Odo. |
| Odo I Borel the Red
(Eudes Ier Borel le Roux) | 1058 | 1079 | 23 March 1103 | Younger brother of Hugh I.< | -- for a family tree --> |
|---|
| Hugh II
(Hugues II) | 1084 | 23 March 1103 | 1143 | Son of Odo I |
| Odo II
(Eudes II) | 1118 | 1143 | 27 June/27 September 1162 | Eldest son of Hugh II | |
| Hugh III
(Hugues III) | 1142 | 27 June/27 September 1162 | 25 August 1192 | Eldest son of Odo II | |
| Odo III
(Eudes III) | 1166 | 25 August 1192 | 6 July 1218 | Eldest son of Hugh III | |
| Hugh IV
(Hugues IV) | 9 March 1213 | 6 July 1218 | 27 October 1271 | Eldest son of Odo III | |
| Robert II
(Robert II) | 1248 | 27 October 1271 | 21 March 1306 | Eldest surviving son of Hugh IV. | |
| Hugh V
(Hugues V) | 1282 | 21 March 1306 | 9 May 1315 | Eldest son of Robert II. | |
| Odo IV
(Eudes IV) | 1295 | 9 May 1315 | 3 April 1350 | Younger brother of Hugh V. | |
| Philip I of Rouvres
(Philippe Ier de Rouvres) | 1346 | 3 April 1350 | 21 November 1361 | Grandson of Odo IV. | |
|
House of Valois-Burgundy (1363–1482)
See main article: House of Valois-Burgundy. John II of France, the second Valois king, successfully claimed the duchy after the death of Philip, the last Capet duke. John then passed the duchy to his youngest son Philip as an apanage.
| Picture | Name | Birth | Became Duke | Ruled until | Death | Notes | Arms |
|---|
| Philip II the Bold
(Philippe II le Hardi) | 15 January 1342 | 6 September 1363 | 27 April 1404 | Youngest son of John the Good | |
| John I the Fearless
(Jean I sans Peur) | 28 May 1371 | 27 April 1404 | 10 September 1419 | Eldest son of Philip the Bold | |
| Philip III the Good
(Philippe III le Bon) | 31 July 1396 | 10 September 1419 | 15 June 1467 | Eldest son of John the Fearless | |
| Charles I the Bold[2]
(Charles I le Téméraire) | 21 November 1433 | 15 June 1467 | 5 January 1477 | Eldest son of Philip the Good | |
| Mary the Rich | 13 February 1457 | 5 January 1477 | 27 March 1482 | Only daughter of Charles the Bold | |
|
Family tree
Image:BurgundyDukes.pngrect 174 129 324 169 Richard of Autunrect 407 138 521 166 Adelaide of Auxerrerect 90 189 184 214 Rainier II of Hainautrect 219 189 271 213 Adelaide of Burgundyrect 322 191 422 216 Hugh the Blackrect 500 189 534 206 Willa of Burgundyrect 571 189 705 206 Hugh of Viennerect 198 244 242 274 Emma of Parisrect 4 235 151 282 Rudolph of Francerect 411 218 484 245 Ermengarde of Burgundyrect 543 215 730 240 Gilbert of Chalonrect 254 265 339 312 Hugh the Greatrect 366 255 505 283 Lietaud of Maconrect 355 288 517 316 Robert of Vermandoisrect 60 335 152 379 Hugh Capetrect 460 329 545 362 Otto, Duke of Burgundyrect 589 328 708 362 Liutgard of Chalonrect 296 374 385 403 Otto-Henry of Burgundyrect 527 377 605 403 Adelbert II of Italyrect 27 388 176 421 Robert II of Francerect 450 415 545 458 Otto-William of Burgundyrect 6 461 151 521 Henry I Capetrect 156 478 241 494 Hélie of Semurrect 313 473 419 507 Robert I, Duke of Burgundyrect 494 475 600 506 Ermengarde of Anjourect 420 528 491 557 Hildegard of Burgundyrect 528 516 641 563 William VIII of Aquitainerect 16 542 101 570 Hugh of Burgundy (1034–1059)rect 337 553 404 581 Constance of Burgundyrect 457 557 570 584 Alfonso VI of Castilerect 13 643 101 688 Robert of Burgundy, Bishop of Langresrect 111 645 201 688 Renauld of Burgundy, abbot of St. Pierrerect 244 644 295 671 Beatrice of Burgundy (born 1063)rect 330 644 379 673 Guy I of Vignoryrect 408 644 470 673 Hélie of Burgundy (born 1061)rect 511 644 621 692 Henry, Count of Portugalrect 639 644 736 692 Theresa, Countess of Portugalrect 583 699 688 746 Alfonso I of Portugalrect 35 712 94 745 Sybille of Neversrect 147 703 293 748 Hugh I, Duke of Burgundyrect 291 710 408 743 Sybille of Burgundy (1065–1103)rect 445 710 547 741 Eudes I of Burgundyrect 155 761 252 793 Bertrand of Toulouserect 281 760 350 792 Hélie of Burgundyrect 419 761 501 792 Henry of Burgundy (1083–1131)rect 533 761 601 792 Florine of Burgundyrect 639 761 724 792 Sweyn the Crusaderrect 119 801 236 834 Matilda of Mayennerect 329 800 434 830 Hugh II of Burgundyrect 36 848 111 880 Aremburge of Burgundyrect 120 848 170 880 Ducissa of Burgundyrect 199 848 299 894 Raymond of Grignonrect 357 845 415 877 Clemence of Burgundyrect 433 848 492 880 Henry III of Donzyrect 512 848 598 893 Henry of Burgundy, Bishop of Autunrect 602 855 692 887 Hugh the Redrect 49 884 127 916 Roger II of Sicilyrect 147 886 216 917 Sybille of Burgundyrect 307 891 432 938 Gauthier of Burgundyrect 474 898 542 931 Aigeline of Burgundyrect 562 900 652 931 Hugh I of Vaudemontrect 653 888 737 932 Robert of Burgundy, Bishop of Autunrect 4 921 72 951 Matilda of Burgundyrect 105 921 211 951 William VII of Montpellierrect 251 956 357 986 Eudes II of Burgundyrect 414 956 496 984 Marie of Champagne (1128–1190)rect 215 1004 282 1032 Alice of Burgundy (1146–1192)rect 357 1004 492 1032 Mahaut of Limaisrect 528 1004 623 1032 Robert IV of Auvergnerect 107 1043 203 1068 Beatrice d'Albonrect 271 1043 374 1068 Hugh III of Burgundyrect 446 1043 543 1068 Alice of Lorrainerect 5 1085 125 1118 Amadeo IV of Savoyrect 160 1085 227 1118 Marguerite of Burgundyrect 274 1093 399 1126 Beatrice of Montferratrect 439 1088 562 1131 Guigues VI of Viennoisrect 563 1088 631 1117 Mahaut of Burgundyrect 645 1074 736 1121 John, Count of Chalonrect 70 1141 132 1173 Simon I of Semurrect 167 1143 260 1175 Marie-Ducissa of Burgundyrect 291 1146 340 1175 Alice of Burgundy (born 1177)rect 379 1144 467 1175 Bernard VII of Mercœurrect 478 1145 576 1190 Alexander of Montagurect 610 1156 706 1176 Beatrice of Rionrect 11 1186 172 1217 Infanta Teresa, Countess of Flandersrect 222 1186 326 1217 Eudes III of Burgundyrect 371 1186 453 1217 Alice of Vergyrect 76 1227 151 1261 Humbert III de Thoirerect 189 1227 246 1261 Beatrice of Burgundy (born 1216)rect 287 1230 358 1262 Joanna of Burgundyrect 402 1229 520 1261 Raoul II of Lusignanrect 521 1229 586 1261 Alice of Burgundy (1204–1266)rect 618 1229 713 1259 Robert I of Clermontrect 25 1264 163 1312 Beatrice of Navarre, Duchess of Burgundyrect 214 1273 319 1305 Hugh IV of Burgundyrect 373 1277 483 1309 Yolande de Dreux (1212–1248)rect 58 1323 163 1367 Isabelle of Burgundyrect 204 1331 336 1367 Rudolf I of Habsburgrect 346 1324 436 1369 Hugh, Viscount of Avallonrect 469 1328 534 1359 Maguerite of Chalonrect 535 1325 620 1367 Beatrice, Lady of Grignonrect 662 1326 729 1370 Hugh VIII of La Marcherect 89 1382 162 1413 Alice of Burgundy (1233–1273)rect 193 1382 287 1413 Henry III of Brabantrect 324 1382 487 1413 Marguerite, Lady of Molinotrect 528 1380 608 1406 William III of Mont-St. Jeanrect 425 1414 545 1443 Maud of Dampierrerect 605 1407 721 1444 Eudes of Nevers and Auxerrerect 445 1451 519 1487 Joanna of Burgundy (1253–1271)rect 548 1454 617 1485 Margaret of Burgundy, Queen of Sicilyrect 652 1452 737 1485 Charles I of Naplesrect 466 1489 600 1535 Yolande of Burgundyrect 320 1495 416 1528 Jean Tristan of Francerect 637 1499 737 1530 Robert III of Flandersrect 30 1437 101 1467 John of Burgundy (1231–1268)rect 146 1431 262 1474 Agnes of Dampierrerect 21 1480 117 1522 Beatrice of Burgundy, Dame de Bourbonrect 160 1480 270 1525 Robert, Count of Clermontrect 88 1526 195 1544 Duke of Bourbonrect 263 1535 368 1566 Robert II of Burgundyrect 430 1536 581 1566 Agnes of France, Duchess of Burgundyrect 18 1632 84 1664 Joanna of Burgundy (1290–1317)rect 132 1628 211 1672 Philip VI of Francerect 55 1283 139 1626 Robert of Tonnerrerect 178 1589 246 1622 Joanna of Tonnerrerect 217 1629 320 1659 Hugh V of Burgundyrect 355 1579 423 1609 Blanche of Burgundy (1288–1348)rect 456 1579 513 1609 Edward of Savoyrect 469 1622 552 1652 Margaret of Burgundy, Queen of Francerect 357 1616 435 1663 Louis X of Francerect 536 1579 617 1621 Louis of Burgundyrect 657 1577 727 1623 Matilda of Hainaultrect 296 1672 398 1702 Eudes IV of Burgundyrect 571 1667 675 1699 Jeanne III, Countess of Burgundyrect 583 1626 668 1656 Philip V of Francerect 9 1705 110 1765 Jeanne I, Countess of Auvergnerect 182 1714 295 1759 Philip of Burgundy, Count of Auvergnerect 74 1770 144 1801 Joanna of Burgundyrect 153 1771 220 1801 Marguerite of Burgundy (born 1345)rect 228 1770 351 1817 Philip I of Burgundyrect 391 1770 557 1814 Marguerite III of Dampierrerect 617 1714 705 1744 John II of Francerect 604 1769 720 1817 Philip II of Burgundyrect 3 1854 90 1886 Amadeo VIII of Savoyrect 126 1855 194 1886 Mary of Burgundy (1386–1422)rect 222 1857 293 1888 Catherine of Burgundyrect 330 1857 424 1888 Leopold IV, Duke of Austriarect 442 1857 552 1903 Philip II, Count of Neversrect 586 1857 658 1904 Bonne of Artoisrect 7 1906 107 1939 Joanna of St. Polrect 141 1893 269 1940 Antoine of Brabantrect 307 1893 391 1939 Elisabeth, Duchess of Luxembourgrect 463 1906 577 1939 William II, Duke of Bavaria-Straubingrect 632 1908 705 1939 Marguerite of Burgundy (1374–1441)rect 376 1941 488 1988 John the Fearlessrect 139 1949 314 1982 Margaret of Bavaria-Straubingrect 3 1993 85 2024 Adolph I, Duke of Clevesrect 127 1994 192 2027 Marie of Burgundy (1393–1463)rect 232 1994 299 2027 Anne of Burgundyrect 340 1994 412 2027 John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedfordrect 515 1996 585 2027 Agnes of Burgundyrect 629 1996 721 2027 Charles I, Duke of Bourbonrect 32 2029 123 2075 Louis, Dauphin of France (1397–1415)rect 153 2032 274 2074 Margaret of Burgundy (1393–1441)rect 306 2040 402 2072 Arthur III of Brittanyrect 189 2077 308 2122 Infanta Isabel, Duchess of Burgundyrect 366 2074 494 2121 Philip III of Burgundyrect 554 2041 648 2074 Bonne of Artoisrect 559 2076 670 2124 Michelle of Valoisrect 203 2134 272 2164 Antoine of Burgundyrect 276 2134 324 2164 Joseph of Burgundyrect 317 2167 439 2217 Charles I of Burgundyrect 505 2137 601 2166 Margaret of Yorkrect 497 2168 612 2215 Catherine of Valoisrect 139 2185 256 2217 Isabelle of Bourbonrect 224 2222 450 2266 Mary of Burgundyrect 411 2222 559 2266 Maximilian I of Habsburg
House of Habsburg (1482–1700)
See also: House of Habsburg. In 1477, the territory of the Duchy of Burgundy was annexed by France. In the same year, Mary married Maximilian, Archduke of Austria, giving the Habsburgs control of the remainder of the Burgundian Inheritance.
Although the territory of the Duchy of Burgundy itself remained in the hands of France, the Habsburgs remained in control of the title of Duke of Burgundy and the other parts of the Burgundian inheritance, notably the Low Countries and the Free County of Burgundy in the Holy Roman Empire as well as the County of Charolais in France. They often used the term Burgundy to refer to it (e.g. in the name of the Imperial Circle it was grouped into), until the late 18th century, when the Austrian Netherlands were lost to the French Republic. The Habsburgs also continued to claim Burgundy proper until the Treaty of Cambrai in 1529, when they surrendered their claim in exchange for French recognition of Imperial sovereignty over Flanders and Artois.
| Picture | Name | Birth | Became Duke | Ruled until | Death | Notes | Arms |
|---|
| Philip IV the Handsome
(Philippe IV le Beau) | 22 July 1478 | 22 February 1482 | 25 September 1506 | | |
| | 24 February 1500 | 25 September 1506 | 16 January 1556 | 21 September 1558 | Eldest son of Philip the Handsome. Also Charles I of Aragon and Castile, and Holy Roman Emperor Charles V | |
|
House of Bourbon, claimants of the title (1682–1761)
See also: House of Bourbon.
House of Habsburg (1713–1918)
House of Bourbon, revived title (1975–present)
See main article: House of Bourbon.
See also
Further reading
- Calmette, Joseph. Doreen Weightman, trans. The Golden Age of Burgundy; the Magnificent Dukes and Their Courts. New York: W.W. Norton, 1962.
- Chaumé, Maurice. Les Origines du Duché de Bourgogne. 2v. in 4 parts. Dijon: Jobard, 1925 (Darmstadt: npub, 1977).
- Michael, Nicholas. Armies of Medieval Burgundy 1364–1477. London: Osprey, 1983. .
- Vaughan, Richard. Valois Burgundy. London: Allen Lane, 1975. .
Notes and References
- Duerloo . Luc . 2019-01-02 . The Utility of an Empty Title. The Habsburgs as Dukes of Burgundy . Dutch Crossing . 43 . 1 . 63–77 . 10.1080/03096564.2018.1559527 . 150856167 . 0309-6564.
- Book: Tabri, Edward . Political culture in the early northern Renaissance : the court of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (1467-1477) . 2004 . E. Mellen Press . 0-7734-6228-7 . Lewiston, N.Y. . 56755716.
