| Native Name: | |
| Conventional Long Name: | Duchy of Racibórz |
| Common Name: | Racibórz |
| Era: | Middle Ages |
| Symbol: | Coat of arms of Silesia |
| Status: | Silesian duchy Fiefdom of Bohemia (from 1327) and of the Bohemian Crown (from 1348) |
| Year Start: | 1172 |
| Year End: | 1521 |
| Life Span: | 1172–1202 1290–1337 1437–1521 |
| Event Start: | Partitioned from Wrocław |
| Event1: | United with Opole |
| Date Event1: | 1202 |
| Event2: | Split off Opole |
| Date Event2: | 1281 |
| Event3: | Vassalized by Bohemia |
| Date Event3: | 1327 |
| Event4: | To Přemyslid dukes of Opava |
| Date Event4: | 1337 |
| Event End: | United with Opole |
| Event Post: | Fell to Bohemia |
| Date Post: | 1532 |
| P1: | Duchy of Silesia |
| S1: | Duchy of Opole and Racibórz |
| Image Map Caption: | Silesia 1172-77: Duchy of Racibórz (Mieszko Tanglefoot) in yellow, Duchy of Opole (Jarosław) in green |
| Capital: | Racibórz (Ratibor) |
| Today: | Poland Czech Republic |
| Currency: | Racibórz heller |
Duchy of Racibórz (Polish: Księstwo raciborskie, Czech: Ratibořské knížectví, German: Herzogtum Ratibor) was one of the duchies of Silesia, formed during the medieval fragmentation of Poland into provincial duchies. Its capital was Racibórz in Upper Silesia.
After Bolesław I the Tall and his younger brother Mieszko I Tanglefoot backed by Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa had retained their Silesian heritage in 1163, the Duchy of Racibórz was formed in 1172 as a territory for Mieszko. It was centered on the towns of Racibórz, Koźle and Cieszyn. Mieszko's small share was enlarged the first time in 1177, when he received the territories of Bytom, Oświęcim, Zator, Pszczyna and Siewierz from his uncle High Duke Casimir II the Just of Poland. In 1202 Mieszko occupied the Duchy of Opole of his deceased nephew Jarosław, forming the united Duchy of Opole and Racibórz.After the death of Mieszko's grandson Duke Władysław Opolski in 1281, his sons again divided the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz and in 1290 the Duchy of Racibórz was recreated again, assigned to Władysław's youngest son Przemysław. Racibórz at that time comprised the lands of Wodzisław, Żory, Rybnik, Mikołów and Pszczyna, while some of the territory of was used for the creation of the duchies of Cieszyn and Bytom under Przemysław's brothers.
A large number of place names of German origin in the southern part of the Duchy are the effect of medieval Ostsiedlung. [1]
In 1327 Przemysław's son Duke Leszek paid homage to King John of Bohemia, whereafter his duchy became a Bohemian fief. After Leszek died without issue in 1336, King John seized the duchy and granted it to the Přemyslid Duke Nicolas II of Opava (Troppau), forming the united Duchy of Opava and Racibórz. The Duchy would suffer several territorial changes until in 1521 it was again merged with Opole under Duke Jan II the Good. As a Duchy of Opole and Racibórz, after Jan's death in 1532 it fell back to the House of Habsburg, Bohemian kings since 1526. The fief was given in pawn to Margrave George of Brandenburg-Ansbach from the House of Hohenzollern. From 1645 to 1666 as part of the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz it was held by the Polish House of Vasa. It was annexed and incorporated into the Kingdom of Prussia by the 1742 Treaty of Breslau.
The title of a "Duke of Ratibor" was acquired by Landgrave Victor Amadeus of Hesse-Rotenburg in 1821. King Frederick William IV of Prussia in 1840 granted it to the landgrave's nephew Prince Victor of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, in turn for his renunciation of the Hohenlohe inheritance in favour of his younger brother Chlodwig.
United with Opole from 1202.
Split off Opole, Cieszyn and Bytom.
Line extinct, duchy seized as a reverted fief by King John of Bohemia.
Line extinct, duchy inherited by Duke Jan II the Good of Opole.
Dukes of Ratibor and Princes of Corvey
Heads of the House of Ratibor after World War I