Dryandra ser. Capitellatae explained

Dryandra ser. Capitellatae is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra (now Banksia ser. Dryandra). It was published by Alex George in 1996, but discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sank Dryandra into Banksia.

Publication

George published the series in his 1996 "New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra R.Br.", naming it from the Latin capitulum ("head") and -ella (the feminine diminutive), in reference to the small flower heads. It was defined as containing two species, D. serratuloides (now Banksia serratuloides) and D. meganotia (now Banksia meganotia), the former being designated the type species of the series. Both species small lignotuberous shrubs with small flower heads, short leaves, and very small elliptical follicles.^{[1] [2]}

George's placement and circumscription of D. ser. Capitellatae, with 1999^[3] and 2005^[4] amendments, may be summarised as follows:

Dryandra (now Banksia ser. Dryandra)

D. subg. Dryandra

D. ser. Floribundae (1 species, 4 varieties)

D. ser. Armatae (21 species, 7 subspecies, 4 varieties)

D. ser. Marginatae (1 species)

D. ser. Folliculosae (1 species, 5 varieties)

D. ser. Acrodontae (4 species, 2 varieties)

D. ser. Capitellatae

D. serratuloides (now Banksia serratuloides)

D. serratuloides subsp. serratuloides (now Banksia serratuloides subsp. serratuloides)

D. serratuloides subsp. perissa (now Banksia serratuloides subsp. perissa)

D. meganotia (now Banksia meganotia)

D. ser. Ilicinae (3 species, 2 varieties)

D. ser. Dryandra (3 species, 2 subspecies)

D. ser. Foliosae (3 species, 2 subspecies)

D. ser. Decurrentes (1 species)

D. ser. Tenuifoliae (2 species, 2 varieties)

D. ser. Runcinatae (4 species, 7 subspecies)

D. ser. Triangulares (3 species, 3 subspecies)

D. ser. Aphragma (9 species, 3 subspecies)

D. ser. Ionthocarpae (1 species, 2 subspecies)

D. ser. Inusitatae (1 species)

D. ser. Subulatae (1 species)

D. ser. Gymnocephalae (11 species, 4 subspecies, 2 varieties)

D. ser. Plumosae (3 species, 2 subspecies)

D. ser. Concinnae (3 species)

D. ser. Obvallatae (7 species, 2 varieties)

D. ser. Pectinatae (1 species)

D. ser. Acuminatae (1 species)

D. ser. Niveae

D. subg. Hemiclidia (2 species)

D. subg. Diplophragma (1 species)

Abandonment

Since 1998, Austin Mast has been publishing results of ongoing cladistic analyses of DNA sequence data for the subtribe Banksiinae. His analyses have provided compelling evidence of the paraphyly of Banksia with respect to Dryandra; that is, it seems that Dryandra arose from within the ranks of Banksia.^{[5] [6] [7]} Early in 2007, Mast and Kevin Thiele initiated a rearrangement of Banksia by sinking Dryandra into it as B. ser. Dryandra. This transfer necessitated the setting aside of George's infrageneric arrangement of Dryandra; thus D. ser. Capitellatae is no longer current. Mast and Thiele have foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of Dryandra is complete.^[8]

Notes and References

1. Alex . George . Alex George (botanist) . 1996 . New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra R.Br. (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae) . . 10 . 3 . 313–408. 10.58828/nuy00235 . 92008567 .
2. Book: Cavanagh . Tony . Pieroni . Margaret . Margaret Pieroni . 2006 . The Dryandras . Melbourne: Australian Plants Society (SGAP Victoria); Perth: Wildflower Society of Western Australia . 1-876473-54-1.
3. Encyclopedia: George . Alex S. . Alex George (botanist) . 1999 . Dryandra . Wilson, Annette . Flora of Australia . 17B . Collingwood, Victoria . CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study . 0-643-06454-0.
4. George . A. S. . 2005 . Further new taxa in Dryandra R.Br. (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae) . . 15 . 337–346 . 3 . 10.58828/nuy00403 . 85921580 . 2009-03-29 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151127085455/http://www.naturebase.net/images/stories/nature/science/nuytsia/15/3/337-346.pdf . 2015-11-27 . dead .
5. Mast . Austin R. . Austin Mast . 1998 . Molecular systematics of subtribe Banksiinae (Banksia and Dryandra; Proteaceae) based on cpDNA and nrDNA sequence data: implications for taxonomy and biogeography . Australian Systematic Botany . 11 . 321–342 . 10.1071/SB97026 . 4.
6. Mast . Austin R. . Givnish . Thomas J. . Thomas J. Givnish . 2002 . Historical biogeography and the origin of stomatal distributions in Banksia and Dryandra (Proteaceae) based on Their cpDNA phylogeny . . 89 . 8 . 1311–1323 . 10.3732/ajb.89.8.1311 . 21665734. free .
7. Mast, Austin R., Eric H. Jones and Shawn P. Havery . 2005 . 18 . 1 . An assessment of old and new DNA sequence evidence for the paraphyly of Banksia with respect to Dryandra (Proteaceae) . Australian Systematic Botany . 75–88 . CSIRO Publishing / Australian Systematic Botany Society . 10.1071/SB04015.
8. Mast . Austin R. . Thiele . Kevin . Kevin Thiele . 2007 . The transfer of Dryandra R.Br. to Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae) . Australian Systematic Botany . 20 . 63–71 . 10.1071/SB06016.