Drupella cornus explained

Drupella cornus, common name : the horn drupe, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

Description

The shell size of an adult varies between 28 mm and 40 mm. This whitish shell shows four rows of spiny, pointed nodules with numerous smaller spines between. The oval aperture is yellow. The outer lip is with three to four teeth.

Drupella cornus lays benthic egg capsules, which hatch into free-swimming planktonic veliger larvae ^[1]

Drupella cornus is a predator of living coral, grazing on the coral tissue. An abundance of this snail can cause significant destruction to the hard-coral cover on reefs. There is a possible link between coral diseases and an outbreak of this snail.^[2] The snail is attracted to Montipora corals when these corals secrete montiporic acids^[3]

Habitat

Drupella cornus commonly occurs on or under tabular corals of the genera Acropora and Montipora or on hard substrates in the lower intertidal zone and shallow sublittoral zone.^[4] In areas where Acropora and Montipora coral are rare, D. Cornus has also been known to feed on other corals such as Porites in Kenya,^[5] and Pocillopora and Porites in Hawaii.^[6]

Distribution

This species is distributed in the Red Sea and in the Indian Ocean along Aldabra, Chagos, Kenya, Madagascar, the Mascarene Basin, Mozambique, Tanzania, KwaZuluNatal, Gulf of Thailand,^[7] Japan,^[8] and the Indo-Pacific.

References

• Spry, J.F. (1961). The sea shells of Dar es Salaam: Gastropods. Tanganyika Notes and Records 56
• Drivas, J. & M. Jay (1988). Coquillages de La Réunion et de l'île Maurice

Notes and References

1. http://md1.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=ENV&recid=2779154&q=%22Drupella+cornus%22&uid=790072380&setcookie=yes Turner S.J., The egg capsules and early life history of the corallivorous gastropod Drupella cornus (Roeding, 1798)., The Veliger. Vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 16-25. 1992; accessed : 18 November 2010
2. Antonius. A.. B. Riegl. Coral diseases and Drupella cornus invasion in the Red Sea . Coral Reefs. 17. 1. 48. 10.1007/s003380050093. March 1998. 7260505 .
3. Masaki . Kita. Feeding attractants for the muricid gastropod Drupella cornus, a coral predator . Tetrahedron Letters. 2005. 46. 49. 8583–8585 . 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.09.182. etal.
4. Johnson. Michael S. . Kelley Holborn . Robert Black. Fine-scale patchiness and genetic heterogeneity of recruits of the corallivorous gastropod Drupella cornus. Journal of Marine Biology. 117. 1. 91–96. 10.1007/BF00346429. September 1993 . 1993MarBi.117...91J . 84621612 .
5. McClanahan. Timothy R.. Dynamics of Drupella cornus populations on Kenyan coral reefs.. Proceedings of the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium. 1. 633–638.
6. Robertson. Robert. Review of the predators and parasites of stony corals, with special reference to symbiotic 683 prosobranch gastropods. Pacific Science. 24. 43–54.
7. Hoeksema. Bert W. . Chad M. Scott . James D. True. Dietary shift in corallivorous Drupella snails following a major bleaching event at Koh Tao, Gulf of Thailand. Coral Reefs. 32. 2. 423–428. 10.1007/s00338-012-1005-x. 2013 . 2013CorRe..32..423H . 253810385 .
8. Fujioka . Y. . K. Yamazato . Host selection of some Okinawan coral associated gastropods belonging to the genera Drupella, Coralliophila and Quoyula . Galaxea. 2. 59–73.